The document provides an overview of smart cities and mass housing in the context of architecture. Some key points: - Smart cities aim to reduce human and energy waste while lowering carbon footprints through communication networks, sensors, and management systems. They address issues of urbanization and technology advancement. - Mass housing is needed to address India's urban housing shortage of over 26 million homes, especially for economically weaker sections. New approaches are needed beyond traditional hand-crafted construction methods. - Private sector participation, innovation in products, and new housing finance products could help make affordable housing a reality in India. Developing live-work-play communities and addressing inefficient land use are also discussed.

1. MASS HOUSING AND SMART CITIES – A REVIEW For Architectural Students – to Empower
Ar.A.Purushothaman Arumugam M.Arch., CA, AIIA, Principal Architect D2 Studios.

2. SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
 Smart Cities are the future reality for cities and municipalities around the world, Especially developing countries like India.
 It is the place where it reduces human wastages and uses energy in optimal way also produces reduced carbon footprint.
 These cities will use the power of ubiquitous communication networks, highly distributed wireless sensor technology, and intelligent
management systems to solve current and future challenges and create exciting new services.
 Urbanization, demographic shifts, and the rapid advancement of new technologies are the key constraints which leads Architects,
city leaders, engineers and developers to create and deliver public services in an acceptable way of better space to live in by
considering future

3. SMART CITIES….?
“Smart cities – Integration of all”
SENSORS
CONTROL ROOMS
AUTOMATION
EFFICIENCY
URBAN PROTOTYPING
HUMAN-CENTERED
DESIGN
SOCIAL/CIVIC IMPACT
CROWDFUNDING
CODES SPECIALLY FOR
CITIES
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
DIGITAL/PHYSICAL FORUMS
EDUCATION & OUTREACH
PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING
All sorts to be
integrated by
advanced
technology
Its is to educate, optimize,
maximize, minimize and to
conserve
Architecture of the world once again to reveal “we are here to shape our
earth through architecture by new tools and techniques meanwhile the
tools and new innovative techniques will change the human life”

5. SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
 Key Criteria's which leads to Smart Cities are
 Steady growth of urban context in the entire
world. i.e. 23% to 30% and now towards 50%.
 The huge demand of urban facilities and its
infrastructural needs.
 Due to this rapid urbanization climatic changes
leads to various problems to the living Environment
and Earth.
 Problems like green house gases emission,
depletion of ozone layer, Global warming and
various natural calamities etc.,

6. SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
 Key Criteria's which leads to Smart Cities are
 Rapid technological development
 Energy Considerations
 Renewable sources and its strategies
 Impact of urban heat islands
 Deforestation by which reduced quality of air
 Mass population due to which reduced health
and human life.

7. SMART CITIES ARE THE SMARTER WAY FOR OUR FUTURE

8. SMART CITIES – CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES
A Smart City is a developed urban region that creates sustainable economic development and high end quality of life by excelling in 6 key criteria's (Smart Economy, Smart Governance, Smart mobility,
Smart living, Smart people and Smart environ) that can be done through strong ICT( Information and communication technologies) infrastructure.
 Significantly reducing emissions (CO2, greenhouse gases,…)
 Long-term objective: a zero carbon city, zero emission buildings as standard
 Significantly reducing energy consumption. Long-term objective: reaching close-to-zero energy
standards in new and existing buildings.
 Significantly increasing the use of renewable sources of energy (e.g. in public buildings)
 Raising awareness in the wider public about responsible use of resources (energy, water)
 Promoting multi-modal transport systems by improving the public transport network, enhancing
networking between individual transport carriers, and significantly reducing individual motorized
transport

9. SMART CITIES – WORLD’S
1. Vienna- E-governance
2. Toronto-natural gas from landfills generation
3. Paris- Bicycle sharing programs (250 bicycle stations)
4. New York- questionable tax refunds
5. London- entire city will be free Wi-Fi network
6. Tokyo- home for integrated solar panel, storage batteries
7. Berlin- Vehicles to Grid
8. Copenhagen- 0 carbon by 2025, 40% use bicycles
9. Hong Kong- smart cards, RFID
10. Barcelona

10. SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
Tian Jin Sunway Eco-City, China by Surbana Urban Planning GroupLandscaping Design for Singapore by Bursana
Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam –
community garden and lake.

11. SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
Dutch concept of street
design by Hans Monderman
encourages alternate
modes of movement and
inhabitation of the street-
scape, which in this street
means utilizing trees to
create varied spaces.
Rain garden design in Smart city can efficiently reduce rain
runoff by allowing storm water to soak into the ground.

12. SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
Vertical Garden, Rosario City in Argentina- riverside
urban space both a horizontal and vertical upliftZorlu Ecocity in Turkey
Clean-lined office surrounded by the rolling
Bío Bío hills in the center of Concepción, Chile
- make great use of the insulating and air-
purifying benefits of green walls at high rise
building

13. SMART CITY PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD
MASDAR CITY ABUDHABI
Located to the southeast of Abu Dhabi Island around 17km from downtown
Abu Dhabi
Total site area = 590 hectares
Total populations = 40,000 residents
Land use = Mixed land use (residential, commercial, institutional and
lightweight industry)
Plan to achieve the goal of this sustainable Green Development smart city
Synergy
 Mobility
 Energy
 Quality of life are the concepts they adopted
• Use non local materials
• Resource exploitation
• Increase environmental harm
Global
challenge
•Using materials supply that
give result to positive impact on
environment
Goal &
Strategy •Fully with high recycled materials
content
•Specify with using sustainable
materials
Target

14. SMART CITIES INDIAN CONTEXT
S
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15. SMART CITIES INDIAN CONTEXT
Initially Jawaharlal Nehru national urban renewal mission (JnNURM)
National mission mode Project (NMMP)
The Indian Prime Minister Mr.Narendra modi announced 100 Smart Cities
in India by 2014.
By this year Modi and urban development ministry identified the upcoming
smart cities in India and the foot works are started.

16. INDIAN SMART CITIES – VISIONARY THOUGHT

17. SMART CITY AND THE MEGA

18. INDIAN POPULATION HISTORY
A Report by Ar.A.Purushothaman M.Arch
Year Population
Yearly %
Change
Yearly
Change
Migrants (net) Median Age Fertility Rate
Density
(P/Km²)
Urban
Pop %
Urban Population
Country's Share
of
World Pop
World Population Global Rank
2015 1,282,390,303 1.24% 15,353,131 -458,810 26.9 2.50 390 33% 420,046,944 17.51% 7,324,782,225 2
2014 1,267,401,849 1.22% 15,262,253 -483,402 26.6 2.53 386 32% 410,404,773 17.50% 7,243,784,121 2
2010 1,205,624,648 1.36% 15,696,220 -595,676 25.5 2.66 367 31% 372,899,704 17.43% 6,916,183,482 2
2005 1,127,143,548 1.58% 16,976,358 -384,649 24.1 3.00 343 29% 329,520,416 17.30% 6,514,094,605 2
2000 1,042,261,758 1.75% 17,291,481 -88,573 23.0 3.30 317 28% 288,362,561 17.01% 6,127,700,428 2
1995 955,804,355 1.93% 17,382,731 -25,435 22.1 3.67 291 27% 254,310,865 16.65% 5,741,822,412 2
1990 868,890,700 2.14% 17,430,840 8,950 21.3 4.09 264 26% 221,975,507 16.33% 5,320,816,667 2
1985 781,736,502 2.26% 16,554,185 96,594 20.7 4.47 238 24% 190,337,204 16.07% 4,863,601,517 2
1980 698,965,575 2.35% 15,346,644 226,129 20.2 4.89 213 23% 161,447,069 15.71% 4,449,048,798 2
1975 622,232,355 2.31% 13,406,517 423,794 19.7 5.26 189 21% 132,734,606 15.28% 4,071,020,434 2
The population of India is estimated at 1,282,390,303 Millions as of
April 2015.
India's population is equivalent to 17.5% of the total world
population.
India ranks number 2 in the list of countries by population.
The population density in India is 386 people per Km2.
32% of the population is urban (410,404,773 people in 2014).
The median age in India is 26.6 years. That’s why it is the youngest
nation of world

19. MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
Model T produced in 1908 by Ford Motor Company was the first car
to be manufactured by ASSEMBLY LINE PRODUCTION rather than
HAND CRAFTED METHOD and became the AFFORDABLE car for mass
Americans.
Housing in India is still HAND CRAFTED brick by brick and layer by
layer and are un-affordable to large population

20. MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
A thrust on encouraging private sector participation in affordable housing, traditionally the domain of the
government, could provide the answer to India’s urban housing predicament. But as things stand, affordable
housing remains a challenging proposition for Architects, builders and developers.
Huge shortage of affordable housing
26 Million+
Urbanization
40% by 2030
Limited Land
Inefficient land use
Real Estate Industry
is emerging asset class
269 Industries supporting real estate
Working continuously on innovation in products
Housing Finance
Requires new products

21. MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
The rising urbanization has created an imminent urban housing shortage of around
18.78 million houses. The shortage is more prominent in the Economically Weaker
Section (EWS) / Lower Income Group (LIG) / Middle Income Group (MIG), which
comprises of 95.62% of the housing shortage.
Mass housing, by Indian definition, means a multi-storied apartment-type house with a
floor area of 70-120 square meters that costs about $27,000-$77,000. The demand
for quality homes by middle-class families adds pressures to the mass housing needs.

22. PLAY LIVE & WORK – MASS HOUSING
At the start of the twenty-first century the world is becoming increasingly urbanized. More people, it is said,
now live in cities than in the countryside. Greater urbanization is, perhaps, an inevitable consequence of
economic progress.
As more people earn their living from industry, commerce and services rather than from agriculture more will
become dependent on the cities.
Urbanization, though, is a vague concept. Cities vary enormously in size, form and in the way they function.
Many are beset with problems of overcrowding, poor quality buildings, environmental degradation and
ineffective transport systems.
For future urban growth, what is important is to create cities that provide a good environment for people to
live, work and take their leisure; which have effective systems of servicing and management; and that are in
balance with the natural environment.

23. INDIAN CONTEXT
Under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT), funds are allocated for smart Indian cities to satisfy urban
housing demands of India.

24. MASS HOUSING PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD

25. MASS HOUSING PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD