Book # 4: COLOR lecture book From SILICA Study Material Kit. - SILICA Team

1. 4
HOME COACHING KIT
Study material for Design, Architecture and Art School
Entrance Exams
DESIGN & DRAWING FOUNDATION (Book 1 to 5)
Color (Book # 4)
(Lecture 17 to Lecture 19)
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Opp Plaza Cinema, Dadar (W), Mumbai – 400 028.
Email - learn@silica.co.in

2. Table of Contents
LECTURE 17 ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
SECTION A: INTRODUCTION TO COLOUR ...................................................................................................................... 3
LECTURE 18 .................................................................................................................................................... 12
SECTION A: COLOUR SCHEME .................................................................................................................................. 12
LECTURE 19 .................................................................................................................................................... 27
SECTION A: COLOUR APPLICATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 27
SECTION B: INTRODUCTION TO TEXTURE .................................................................................................................... 29
Lecture Flow:
LP
LE
EE
AE
-
Learning Points
Learning Exercises
Exploration Exercises
Application Exercises
SILICA COLOR LECTURE BOOK
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3. LECTURE 17
Section A: Introduction to colour
We always see colour, it’s there all around. Colour creates emotions, sensation and feelings thus has
very important role in one’s life. So it is equally important to know more about Colour in order to
use it efficiently.
LP 17.1 Defining Colour
Colour is nothing but reflected light of a particular wave length or frequency. It is produced when
light strikes on an object and it reflects back to the eye.
Colour is also very essential part of Design and Art. As colour is capable of creating visual sensation
and evokes emotions, it becomes a very important tool for expression and medium for
communication.
As music creates its charismatic space and is capable of dragging attention which ends up with
complete involvement of self, so does colour. Its own potential to create charismatic space and gives
same aesthetic experience as a good music does.
Line and shapes are the two primary elements constituting the body of design and “COLOUR” is the
‘SOUL” of design- and is deeply rooted in human emotions. Everyone has his or hers “FAVORITE”
colour. This is usually expressed during childhood. Colour preferences tend to stay with us pretty
much throughout our lives.
Historically, colour has always been used in many ways – for distinction by using different colour
clothes, identification by using coloured flags, designation of rank through different colour uniform
Colours are used to express Feelings like calmness or excitement, boldness or passiveness, sad or
joyous, masculine or feminine, mature or childish etc.
LE 17.1.1:
What is your views on colour. Write down your own thoughts in 100 words. At
the end mention your favourite colour. Also explain why.
LP 17.2 Knowing Colour in Detail
A)
Colour and Light
As said above colour in nothing but a part of light. To see that light has colours, the following
experiment was done. A white light is passed through a prism.
As white light passes through prism it get dispersed into different colour. This is also called spectrum
of light. There are seven colour namely Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.
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4. Visible light :
The wavelengths our eyes can detect is only a small portion of the spectrum( light). We call this the
visible light spectrum. At one end of the visible spectrum are the short wavelengths of light we
perceive as blue. At the other end of the visible spectrum are the longer wavelengths of light we
perceive as red. All the other colours we can see in nature are found somewhere along the spectrum
between blue and red. Beyond the limits at each end of the visible spectrum are the short
wavelengths of ultraviolet light and X-rays and the long wavelengths of infrared radiation and radio
waves, which are not visible to the human eye.
LE 17.2.1
B)
Using the colours from the spectrum of white light. Make a composition using
abstract shape on paper. Also write a suitable theme for same.
Attributes of colour
Hue - Hue distinguishes one colour family from another. For e.g. Red is a hue, Yellow is a hue,
Green is a hue, etc.
Value (lightness) - Value distinguishes light from dark. It shows the strength of the colour, How light
and the dark the colour is.
Chroma (Saturation) - Chroma means how”intense” the colour is. Chroma distinguishes
saturation/purity from desaturation. A saturated hue is vivid and intense and a desaturated hue is
weak or greyish.
Picture showing Hue, Value and Chroma
LE 17.2.2
Take any one colour. In a squares of 1”X1”. Show hue, value and chorma. Repeat
the exercise for one more colour.
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5. C)
Colour System (mixing)
Subtractive Colour
It is mainly used for painting, dyeing, printing etc. It is also called pigment colours as
pigment are used in making of the colour. These are manmade colours. Earlier colours were
made from natural resources like flowers, leaves, Fruits, bark of tree, stones etc. They were
used to be in powder form or in liquid form and mixed with water or oil. Today colours are
manufactured in factory using chemicals. If you mix all colours we get black. Primary colour
for this system is Red, Blue and Yellow.
Additive Colour
It is used mainly used in screen display. Like Television, Laptop, Mobile etc. Its also called
light colours as we see colours because of the light emitted. If you mix all colours we get
white. Primary colours for this system are Red, Blue and Green
D)
Colour Wheels
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6. 1.
Making a colour wheel
•
Draw a star of 2 opposite facing equilateral triangles in a circle.
•
Paint, red, Yellow and Blue in 3 ends of one triangle pointing upwards.
•
Paint Orange, Green and Violet in 3 ends of another 2nd triangle facing downwards. The
Oranges in between red & Yellow, Green in between yellow & Blue and Violet in
between Blue & Red.
Make a colour wheel. (It will be used for further study on colour)
LE 17.2.3
The primary colours
Red
Blue
Yellow
They are pure colour
Example showing primary colours
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7. Make a composition on any one of the following using primary colour
LE 17.2.4
Abstract Shape
Natural motif
Geometrical Shape.
Secondary Colours
Red
+
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
->
Green
Blue
Blue
+
Red
Violet
You get orange green and violet colours by mixing 2 primary colours as shown in the chart. So this is
a second stage of colour, so they are called Secondary colours.
Example showing Secondary colours
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8. LE 17.2.5
Make a composition on any one of the following using Secondary colour
Abstract Shape
Natural motif
Geometrical Shape.
Tertiary colours – 3rd stage of colour
MIXING – ONE PRIMARY + ONE SECONDARY = TERTIARY
1
Red
+
Orange
=
Vermilion
=
Tertiary
2
Orange
+
Yellow
=
Chrome Yellow
=
Tertiary
3
Yellow
+
Green
=
Parrot Green
=
Tertiary
4
Green
+
Blue
=
Peacock Blue
=
Tertiary
5
Blue
+
Violet
=
Prussian Blue
=
Tertiary
6
Violet
+
Red
=
Mauve
=
Tertiary
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9. MIXING – ONE SECONDARY + ANOTHER SECONDARY = TERTIARY
1
Orange
+
Green
=
Olive Green
2
Green
+
Violet
=
Violetish Green
3
Violet
+
Orange
=
Violetish Orange
Example showing Tertiary colours
Draw 1” x 1” square and make a chart of tertiary colour as written above.
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10. And in the colour wheel, add tertiary colours as shown in the diagram by mixing two primary +
secondary colours given in the charts.
So in the colour wheel we have painted primary colours. Secondary colours and Tertiary colour and
we have learnt, how to create them.
LE 17.2.6
Make a composition on any one of the following using Tertiary colour
Abstract Shape
Natural motif
Geometrical Shape.
Exploration Exercises:
EE 1
Make a collage using magazine and newspaper using only
a) Primary colour
b) Secondary colour
c) Tertiary colour
EE 2
Start looking around you and try to indentify different colour schemes.
EE3
Make a Pen Stand Using waste paper or ice cream stick. Colour it in any one of the following
colour scheme.
a) Primary colour
SILICA COLOR LECTURE BOOK
b) Secondary colour
c) Tertiary colour
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11. EE 4
Using thread and card paper Make interesting Pattern. Use any of one colour schemes.
a) Primary colour
b) Secondary colour
c) Tertiary colour
Application Exercises:
AE 1
Design shoes for your mother, Father and sister or brother. Put interesting colour to your
design using colour scheme.
AE 2
Design envelops for the birthday card using following colour schemes.
a) Primary colour
AE 3
c) Tertiary colour
Make a composition in such a way the you create balance and rhythm through colour and
shape. Choose one colour scheme from below
a) Primary colour
AE 4
b) Secondary colour
b) Secondary colour
c) Tertiary colour
Make a comparison study by making same composition in all three colour schemes.
_____________________________
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12. LECTURE 18
Section A: Colour Scheme
In the last class we have already seen Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Colour in the colour wheel.
Tertiary
Now will see other colour Scheme
What is the purpose of colour scheme?
Colour Scheme is readymade pallet for us. We have to just use it as per requirement.
r
How to choose colours and make beautiful painting or artwork?
When you paint two colours side by side, there should be some contrast with each other. Not too
hard contrast but the value of the colours should match each other and there should be balance in
between them. Readability of the colour is important and they should not be loud when place
placed
together. They should give ‘Feel good’ effect. The value of colours is important how dark or how
important,
light the colour you paint, depends on what you use
Thus use of knowledge of colour schemes becomes essential and key for choo
choosing colours. If it’s
done well then it creates ’a wow’ effect.
LP 18.1 Complementary Colour Scheme
Look at the colour wheel that you made in previous lecture. If you just draw an arrow opposite to
the primary colour it shows its complementary in the c
colour wheel.
Look at the figure below
So we have following complementary colours
1) Red – Green
2) Yellow – Violet
3) Blue – Orange
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13. These are the set of opposite colours and they complement each other there are so, called as
complementary colour. They create contrast with each other. If they are placed together in their full
value of 100% then they seem vibra So by changing their value (Little darker or Lighter) they look
vibrant.
good together.
Example showing Complementary colour scheme
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14. LE 18.1.1
Make a poster on
Environment
Birthday party
Music festival
Chose any one the following complementary colours
•
•
•
Red – Green
Yellow – Violet
Blue – Orange
LP 18.2 Split Colour Scheme
Look the following Figure showing and a check with you colour wheel.
also
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15. So we get following colours
Parrot Green
1.
Red 
Gx
Peacock Blue
Prussian Blue
2.
Yellow 
Vx
Mauve
Radish orange = Vermilion
3.
Blue 
Ox
Orangish yellow = chrome yellow
Example Showing Split Colour Scheme
LE 18.2.1
Make a drawing of bed Room in one point perspective.
Chose any one the Split Colour Schemes and show interior of house in colour.
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16. LP 18.3 Double Split Complementary
Look at the following Figure showing and also check with you colour wheel .
1.
Two pairs of complementary colours which lie opposite and on parallel lines of equilateral
triangles.
1.
Y+V
R+G
2.
B+O
3.
R+G
V+Y
B+O
It’s a set of 4 colours together.
LE 18.3.1
Make a drawing of a garment or a bag. Complete it with colours by
Choosing any one the Double Split Colour Schemes
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17. LP 18.4 Analogous Colour Scheme
Any three neighbouring colors from the colour wheel are called analogous colour scheme – they
get along very well with each other.
1.
Red
Orange
Yellow
2.
Orange
Yellow
Green
3.
Green
Blue
Violet
4.
Violet
Red
Orange
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These are close to
each other in the
wheel
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18. Grid
showing
Analogous
colours
Example showing Analogous Colour Scheme.
LE 18.4.1
Make a painting using analogous colour scheme.
LP 18.5 Monotones/ monochromatic Colour Scheme
When single colour is mixed with white colour we achieve lighter tints and when mixed with black
colour we achieve darker shades. They create monotones colour
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19. White
1
2
3
Tiny
High key
4
Colour
5
Middle
Middle Key
6
7
8
Shade
Low Key
Black
9
Example Showing Shade and Tint of Blue
Example showing monochrome scheme
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20. Make a chart of monotones colour scheme as shown above for any one colour
LE 18.5.1
LP 18.6 Achromatic Colour Scheme (Grey Scale)
All shades from white to black are achromatic colour scheme.
White
1
2
3
4
Grey
5
6
7
8
Black
9
Make 9 parts and gradually paint from white to grey and grey to black. Some as monotonus. But in
Black & White.
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21. Figure Showing Grey Scale
Example Showing Achromatic Colour Scheme
LE 18.6.1
Make painting using Achromatic Colour Scheme
LP 18.7 Warm and Cool colour scheme (Grey Scale)
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22. Warm colors are made with orange, red, yellow and combinations of all of them. As the name
indicates, they tend to make you think of sunlight and heat.
Cool colors such as blue, green and light purple have the ability to calm and soothe. cool colors
remind us of water and sky
Example showing Warm Colours
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23. Example showing cool Colours
LE 18.7.1
Make a interesting geometrical composition. Divide it into half from centre.
Apply warm colour to one part and cool colour to other part
Exploration Exercises:
EE 1
Collects Print Ads from Magazine and News paper which have following colour scheme.
Paste in your Drawing book. Write the name of colour Scheme that the print Ads has and
also mention the colours
a) Complementary Colour Scheme
b) Split Complementary Colour Scheme 4
c) Double Split complementary Colour Scheme
d) Analogous Colour Scheme
e) Monochromatic Colour scheme
f)
g) Warm Colour and warm Scheme
h) Cool Colour Scheme
SILICA COLOR LECTURE BOOK
Achromatic colour scheme
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24. EE 2
Go online and search and check some interesting web sites. Note down the colour scheme
that has been used in website
EE 3
Check Garments online or from some Fashion Magazine and look for following.
a) Summer collection
b) Winter collection
c) Spring collection
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25. Note: Down the colour scheme that has been used in each collection
EE 4
Chose a plain T Shirt do a T Shirt Painting using Fabric Colours. Choose any one colour
scheme you like.
Application Exercises:
AE 1
Make Grids of square of 1”x1” and put colour accordingly for
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Complementary Colour Scheme
Split Complementary Colour Scheme 4
Double Split complementary Colour Scheme
Analogous Colour Scheme
Monochromatic Colour scheme
Achromatic colour scheme
Warm Colour and warm Scheme
Cool Colour Scheme
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26. AE 2
Create a design for book cover. Choose any one of the above colour scheme.
AE 3
Make a rhythmic composition using suitable colour scheme from following
•
•
•
•
•
AE 4
Analogous Colour Scheme
Monochromatic Colour scheme
Achromatic colour scheme
Warm Colour Scheme
Cool Colour Scheme
Make a comparison study by making same composition in following colour schemes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Complementary Colour Scheme
Split Complementary Colour Scheme 4
Double Split complementary Colour Scheme
Analogous Colour Scheme
Monochromatic Colour scheme
Achromatic colour scheme
Warm Colour Scheme
Cool Colour Scheme
_____________________________
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27. LECTURE 19
Section A: Colour Applications
LP 19.1 Meaning of colour
Choosing right colours in design and Art is very important. Colour express certain meanings. Example
Blue is the color of trust and peace. It can suggest loyalty and integrity, Yellow is the colour of the
mind and the intellect. It is optimistic and cheerful. Here it the list of some colour with
some meanings.
White
Peace, Cleanliness, innocence, purity, refined, Sterile, Simplicity, Surrender,
Truthfulness
Yellow
Caution, Cheerful, Cowardice, Curiosity, Happiness, Joy, Playful, Positivity,
Sunshine, Warmth
Orange
Creativity, Affordable, Enthusiasm, Fun, Jovial, Light-hearted, High-Spirited,
youthful
Red
Action, Adventure, Aggressive, Blood, Danger, Drive, Energy, Excitement, love,
Passion, Strength.
Pink
Appreciation, Delicate, Femininity, Floral, Gentle, Girly, Gratitude, Innocence,
Romantic, Soft, Tranquil
Purple
Ceremony, Expensive, Fantasy, Justice, Mystery, Nobility, Regal, Royalty,
Sophistication, Spirituality.
Blue
Authority, Clam, Confidence, Dignity, Established, Loyalty, Power, Success, Secure,
Trustworthy
Green
Crisp, Environment, Fresh, Harmony, Health, Healing, money, Nature, renewal,
Tranquillity
Brown
Calmness, Depth, Earth, Natural, Roughness, Richness, Simplicity, Serious, Subtle,
Utility, Wood
Grey
Authority, Corporate, Dullness, Humility, Moody, Practicality, Respect, Sombreness,
Black
Authority, Bold, Classic, Conservative, Distinctive, Formality, Mystery, secrecy,
Serious, Tradition
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28. Example showing different colour and its expression
LE 19.1.1
Use colour to express your five experience.
LE 19.1.2
Make list of different products and also write down the colour of product.
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29. Section B: Introduction to Texture
LP 19.1 What is Texture
Texture refers to the surface quality in a work of art. We always associate textures with the way that
things look or feel. Everything has some type of texture. We describe things as being rough, smooth,
silky, shiny, fuzzy and so on.
Some things feel just as they appear; this is called real or actual texture. Some things look like they
are rough but are actually smooth. Texture that is created to look like something it is not, is
called visual or implied texture.
Texture is used to
•
•
•
create visual interest or a focal point in a composition
to create contrast within a design composition
to help visually balance a design composition
LP 19.2 Making Different Textures through colour
Texture surface always enhance the effect of colour. Painters use it to give beautiful effect.
LP 19.2.1 Dry brush strokes
Material required :
•
•
•
Brush ( round or flat of different size)
oster colour
Any Art Paper
Making texture by using dry brush.
Step1
Take any brush round or flat. Dip to colour
Step 2
Apply on the paper with strokes.
You can create much texture by just changing the direction and style of stroke as well as
size of the brush.
Example showing the dry brush stroke
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30. Create a composition using just dry brush strokes
LE 19.2.1
LP 19.3 Oil pastel drawing and paint.
Material Required
•
•
•
Oil Pastel colour or wax crayons
Poster colour or water colour
Any art paper
Making texture using oil pastel
Step 1
Draw any pattern using pastel colour. You can even scrub pastel randomly or with some
pattern
Step 2
Paint the entire paper with water colour or poster colour and observe the effect.
You can explore more by just using different pattern as well as colours of crayons
LE 19.3.2
Make five different texture using pastel and poster or water colour
LP 19.4 Texture by using Paper stencils
Material required
•
•
•
Mount paper
Tooth Brush
Any art paper
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31. Step 1
Draw some interesting shape on mount paper and cut it. This will be the stencil
Step 2
Place it on the art paper
Step 3
Take the toothbrush, dip it into colour and spray the colour by moving your thumb over
the bristles continuously (top to bottom direction).
You can create numerous interesting and beautiful patterns by just using different shapes on stencils
LE 19.4.1
Make a Symmetrical composition using texture by using stencil.
LP 19.5 Sprinkle salt on water colour
Material required
•
•
•
Water colour
Salt
Handmade paper
Step 1
Spread water colour on the handmade paper. Use more water and let the paper be wet.
Step 2
Sprinkle salt randomly on the wet paper, after some time you will notice the salt leaves a
light texture behind. Example showing the texture made by salt and water colour is
given below.
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32. Make 5 different texture using salt and water
LE 19.5.1
LP 19.6 Texture by blowing colour with straw
Material required
•
•
•
Water colour
Straw
Any art paper
Making texture using straw
Step 1
Take colour through wet brush and put it on paper like drop of water . Make sure there
is enough water.
Step 2
Take straw and blow it with force.
Step 3
Repeat step 1 and 2 for different colour. You can create interesting texture just altering
the direction of blowing.
Example showing texture made by blowing colour using straw
LE 19.6.1
Make a 5 different Texture by blowing with straw.
LP 19.7 Texture by stamping using vegetable
Material Required
•
•
•
•
•
Poster colour
Vegetable like Potatoes, Tomatoes, Ladies finger
Knife
Plate
Any art paper
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33. Making texture by stamping vegetable.
Step 1
Spread colour in the plate
Step 2
Cut vegetable in into half.
Step 3
Put the cut side of the vegetable in the colour.
Step 4
Stamp it on the colour paper.
Example showing texture made by potatoes and carrot through stamping
LE 19.7.1
Make a composition with texture made by stamping vegetables
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34. LP 19.8 Making Texture using finger prints
Material required
•
•
Poster Colours
Any water colour
Making texture using figure prints
Step 1
Put some poster colour on thumb or any other colour
Step 2
Stamp it on the paper. You can make many interesting textures by using different
colours
LE 19.8.1 Make a five different texture using finger prints
LP 19.9 Plastic paper prints.
Material required
•
•
•
Plastic Sheet
Colour
Any art paper
Making texture using plastic sheet
Step 1
Take plastic sheet. Crumple it little bit
Step 2
Add colour on it
Step 3
Put on the paper and get print. By using different colour and also by overlapping you can
create many textures
Example showing the texture creates by using plastic sheet
LE 19.9.1
Make a five interesting different texture by using plastic sheet
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35. LP 19.10 Creating texture using Tissue paper
Material required
•
•
Poster colour
Tissue paper
Making texture using tissue paper
Step 1
Take tissue paper
Step 2
Put it into the colour
Step 3
Put it gently on the paper to get prints. By using different colour you can create many
interesting texture
Example showing Texture created by tissue paper
LE 19.10.1
Make a five different Texture using tissue paper.
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36. LP 19.11 Texture using scratch
Material required
•
•
•
•
Pastel colour
Empty ball pen or anything to scratch
Any art paper
Poster colour
Making texture by scratching
Step 1
Add colour to paper by using pastel colour
Step 2
Paint entire page with thick poster colour and let it dry
Step 3
Take ball pen and scratch the colour. As paint is removed we see the pastel colour
beneath. You can create different texture by scratching in different ways
Example showing texture created by scratching
LE 19.10.1
Make a 5 different Texture by scratching.
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37. LP 19.12 Sand texture
Material required
•
•
•
Sand
Fevicol
Any art paper
Making texture using sand
Step 1
Draw random or some interesting pattern with fevicol
Step 2
Sprinkle sand on it. Let it dry
Step 3
lift the paper and remove rest of the sand. Using different patters you can create many
intersecting composition with nice texture
Example showing interesting Texture created by sand
LE 19.12.1
Make a composition by texture which is created by sand.
LP 19.13. Texture through Paper collage
Material required
•
•
•
•
Rough magazine or news paper
Fevicol
Scissor
Any art paper
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38. Making texture using paper collage
Step 1
Cut different photos from magazine or news paper.
Step 2
Paste on the paper. Using different patterns of picture you can create many intersecting
textures.
Example showing interesting Texture created paper collage
Make five different texture using paper collage
LE 19.13.1
LP 19.14 Sponge texture.
Material required
•
•
•
Sponge
Poster colour
Any art paper
Making texture using sponge
Step 1
Take sponge and dip into the colour
Step 2
Stamp gently on the paper. Using different colour many interesting texture can be
achieved.
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39. Example showing Texture created by sponge
Make a five different texture using sponge
LE 19.14.1
LP 19.15 Marble texture
This is one of the most interesting textures. This texture is made with oil colour and water.
Material required
•
•
•
•
Oil Colour
Bucket
Water
Any art paper
Making marble texture
Step 1
Take a tray full of water.
Step 2
Put 2/3 oil colous in it
Step 3
Stir water.
Step 4
Insert paper slowly in the tray.
Step 5
You will get nice pattern on paper
Step 6
You can sprinkle gold dust on it.
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40. Example showing marble texture
Make a five different marble Texture
LE 19.15.1
LP 19.16 Making texture by using fevicol
Material Required
•
•
•
•
Poster colour
Fevicol tube
Any Art paper
Brush
Making Texture by using fevicol
Step 1
Make any pattern using fevicol tube. And let it dry
Step 2
Fill the paper with colours. You can create various interesting texture by applying fevicol
in different ways
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41. Example showing texture made by fevicol
LP 19.17 Making texture from comb
Material required
•
•
•
•
Poster colour
Comb with thin teeth
Brush
Any art paper
Making Texture by using comb
Step 1
Take some colour in brush and put it the gaps of teeth of comb
Step 2
Keep the comb on paper and scratch against the paper. You can create different texture
by using different colour and different direction of stroke
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42. Example showing the texture made by comb
LE 19.17.1
Make five different Texture using combs.
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43. Exploration Exercises:
EE 1
Go out and collect snaps of different texture that you come across. Make your own
collection for texture.
EE 2
Collect different fabric. Check for different texture .Make note on the texture on each fabric
EE 3
Collect different type of leaves. Derive different texture and colour pattern.
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44. EE 4
Collect snaps of different flower. Study then and try to make different texture.
Application Exercises:
AE 1
Create a composition using texture representing following words
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AE 2
Create a poster using texture on
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AE 3
Save water
Life in Mumbai
Radio
Man and Machine
Dream
Make a composition in 9”x9” using showing following
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AE 4
Love
Joy
Sad
Confused
Disaster
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Proportion
Unity
Create a design for envelope for
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Birthday card
Wedding invitation card
New year card
Mother day card
Friendship day card
SILICA COLOR LECTURE BOOK
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