The document discusses planetary geodesy, which involves determining properties of planetary bodies like size, shape, rotation, and gravity fields. It provides a history of planetary mapping starting in the 17th century with Galileo's drawings of the Moon. Planetary mapping differs from Earth mapping in tools used. Science goals include defining reference systems and rotation parameters. Control points on other planets are often crater centers defined by rims. Planetary geodesy has developed innovative techniques and contributes to understanding Solar System objects.