Valerie Varnuska, a nature enthusiast from Westbury, NY, enjoys spending time in natural settings and studying astronomy. The document explains the phenomenon of supernovas, highlighting that they are explosive events caused by dying stars that lead to the creation of black holes when the stars are significantly massive. It outlines the processes involved in stellar collapse and the resulting shock waves that cause the outer parts of a star to explode.

1. Valerie Varnuska

2. Situated in the area of Westbury, NY,Valerie Varnuska is a nature enthusiast.
During her free time,Valerie Varnuska enjoys relaxing in natural settings
such as the beach. She is also fond of studying astronomy.

3. Supernovas cause some of the biggest explosions, with each blast
showering extreme brightness and setting off random motions of gases in
the darkness of space.While supernovas are caused by various events, a
well-understood explanation for many observed supernovae in astronomy
is a dying star.

4. Stars, including the sun, are nuclear power reactors in space that fuse
atoms of core matter and convert them into energy (heat and light). At the
centers of massive stars, heat generates pressure which counteracts the
effects of gravity and stops stars from collapsing. Extreme gravity tries to
squeeze the stars into the tiniest possible bits, while outward pressure
prevents this.When a star burns up all its nuclear fuel, which will eventually
occur at some point in time, it cools off, and pressures drop, resulting in
inevitable squeezing by gravity.

5. These collapses occur at rapid speeds, triggering large shock waves.
Shock waves cause the outer parts of the star to explode into an expanding
cloud of hot gases. However, at the star's core, gravity would have squeezed
matter into the densest known objects in the universe known as black
holes. Black holes are only created when the exploding star is at least 10
times the size of our sun.