The Orion Nebula is an emission nebula located in the constellation Orion where stars are actively forming. It is approximately 1,500 light years from Earth. The nebula contains the Trapezium cluster, which has four massive stars at its center that help illuminate the nebula. Scientists recently discovered a potential black hole at the center of the Trapezium cluster that is about 200 times the mass of our Sun and helps explain the motion and evolution of stars in the Orion Nebula.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus (the Titan father of Zeus), the Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is named after the Roman god Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus (the Titan father of Zeus), the Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani.
The intense thought-from evil information steer up the evil feelings. Feelings rises and falls, but the stain it leaves in the mind is sin. It (stain or sin), transgress the law in the mind (Heb 8-10), benumb and blunted the reasoning ability in mind. Animal flesh eater, alcoholic-people who drink strong drinks, increases human feeling to higher capacity. If the thought imagined evil information, already attached stain, quickly steer up the animal feelings and leave the new additional stain in the mind. The stain (sin) become the kerosene, to steer it in continuous cycles till the wages for it, people find death.
THE SEAL OF GOD WILL HARDLY PLACE IN THE MIND OF FLESH EATER, PEOPLE WHO DRINK STRONG DRINK AND PEOPLE WHO ENTERTAINING THEIR MIND WITH ALL SORTS OF PLEASURES-MUSIC, VIDEOS, TV, ETC.; BECAUSE THESE ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTE TO RISE HUMAN DIRTY FEELING TO ITS HIGH RATE AND FASTENED IT HIGH IN THE MIND. IT WILL HARDLY REDUCE DOWN-UNLESS PERSON STOPS EATING MEAT, STRONG DRINK AND ENTERTAINING MIND WITH PLEASURES. THEREFORE, WITH SUCH MINDED PEOPLE, GOD WILL HARDLY PLACE HIS SEAL IN THEIR MIND.
A study of the significance of anointing as taught in the scriptures and its influence in the lives of the children of Israel and the priesthood. Lessons for us today.
A study on Revelation 11:1-8. The presenter identifies the two witnesses, the bottomless pit power, and discusses why this history is important and how it relates to present-day world crises.
Is pope francis the last pope? Learn more about God, Jesus Christ, and How Bi...Emergingtruth
Learn more about the true way of salvation that benefits the believers of Jesus Christ, and His Words in the Bible with the best gift that God can give to man, which is eternal life. Also, learn how bible prophecy predicts who will be the last pope two thousand years in advance (2 Thessalonians 2:3-9 ),
"Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come , except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition. Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped so that he as God sitteth in the Temple of God. Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these things? And now ye know what with holdeth that he might be revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity doth already work, only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. And then that Wicked shall be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the Spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of His coming: Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with power and signs, and lying wonders."
Find out how the previous verse relates to Revelation 17: 9-11 and the number 666, and the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ. You will also learn how close humanity is the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ.
The Seventh-day Adventist baptismal vow is a list of 13 belief statements which a person joining the Seventh-day Adventist Church is expected to agree to. In Adventist understanding baptism, which is a public display of faith in Christ, is associated with officially joining the Adventist church, which is a part of the community of believers in Christ.
Maybe too in-depth for most elementary students, but very good broad coverage for teacher background or more advanced students in elementary or middle school.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Fact’s on the Orion Nebula
• Name: Orion Nebula, M42, NGC
1976
• Description: An emission nebula in
which stars are forming
• Age: Some stars in the nebula are
thought to be about 1 million years
old.
• Location: The Orion Nebula is
found in the sword of the
constellation Orion.
• Distance from Earth: 1,500 light-
3. Constelation
Orion
Orion is the 26th constellation in size,
occupying an area of 594 square
degrees.
It is located in the first quadrant of the
northern hemisphere (NQ1) and can
be seen at latitudes between +85° and
-75°.
The neighboring constellations are
Eridanus, Gemini, Lepus, Monoceros
and Taurus.
Orion contains three Messier objects –
Messier 42 (M42, NGC 1976, Orion
Nebula), Messier 43 (M43, NGC 1982,
De Mairan’s Nebula), and Messier 78
(M78, NGC 2068) – and has seven stars
with known planets.
5. At the end of the journey we noticed a
star was being born.
Since the Orion Nebula is the birthing
grounds for stars lets look closer at how
a star is born.
First we need to start at the beginning
with what components are need to
make a star.
Star Birth
6. Dust, Gas and Much More!
The first step in the birth
of a star is to wait. Dust,
gas, and other materials
sit around in nebulae,
and wait for eons until a
passing star, shockwave,
or other gravitational
disturbance passes
through or by the
nebula.
Top Image: in this image
we see all the different
gases and chemicals we
have identified so far in
the Orion Nebula.
Bottom Image: In this
image we see the ripples
7. This process is called accretion, and causes the stars to grow larger.
However, the molecules in the nebula have energy of their own, which resist this collapse. The cloud will only
collapse if its mass is large enough to allow this - a mass called the "Jean's Mass." This is derived from the
Virial Theorem (left). Rearranging this, and substituting in the equations for kinetic an potential energy, the
equation becomes:
Now, the number of particles in the cloud is equal to the mass of the cloud divided by the mass of the particles,
N=M/m, and assuming that the cloud has a constant density, you can relate its size to its mass by the equation
to the right. Rearranging, combining, and simplifying, we get the equation for Jean's Mass, MJ:
Accertion, Energy and Mass
If the cloud's mass is larger than this critical mass, then it will collapse. Otherwise, it will continue to swirl
and clump, but the clumps will not be permanent, and they will dissolve in the cloud.
8. Simple Review
So let’s simplify what we have learned so far. If you think
about how you make bread you have wet ingredients and
dry ingredients.
The wet ingredients are already together they mix well
together and not much happens. When you start to add
the dry ingredients a process starts and you start to get
dough.
To little and it wont make bread to much and you will get
something like a rock. When the right amount is added
and we apply heat we get bread.
Just like when gravity shrinks the gas it heats up and
nuclear reactions occur creating a star.
9. Protostar
Continuing on the road of accretion, assuming that the cloud's mass is above
the Jean's Mass, the clumps of matter continue to group together in the
nebula until they are gigantic clumps of dust and gas. By this time, the clumps
have reached sun-like sizes, and by that stage, the gas is dense enough that it
no longer loses heat to the surrounding nebula. It has become "adiabatically
opaque," and the heat that it generates is retained, and it starts to heat up. At
this stage, the clump is called a protostar. From the start of the collapse to
this stage, typical time scales are on the order of a few hundred thousand
years.
10. Protostars - Pre-Main Sequence
As the protostar becomes larger, gravity squeezes it tighter, causing
pressure to build and for the heat to increase.
On the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, the large swath of stars through
the center is called the "Main Sequence," and it is where most stars
live most of their lives. There is a period of time between when
protostars are formed and they reach the main sequence, and this is
called the "pre-main sequence."
The pre-main sequence to the right shows theoretical temperature vs.
luminosity of the protostars for several different masses. Low mass
stars contract and drop in luminosity until the interior opacity drops
and the energy comes flooding out, resulting in an increase in surface
temperature and luminosity. High mass stars have low opacity to begin
with due to high temperatures, and simply heat up as the contract.
Then, when the pressure in the center causes the core to reach a
temperature of 10,000,000 K (18,000,000 °F), hydrogen fusion is
initiated. Now, the protostar has become a star. It shines with its own
light. Its solar wind quickly pushes away the rest of the dust and gas in
its vicinity.
NOTE: A protostar that does not become hot enough to begin fusion, yet is no longer surrounded by its parent nebula is called a brown dwarf. A brown
dwarf usually has between 1/12 and 1/100 of the Sun's mass. It can still produce heat by contracting very slowly (i.e. decreasing its equatorial diameter
by a few millimeters a year), yet does not shine as a star does. Jupiter produces heat in this way, although it is too small to be considered a brown
dwarf. Most brown dwarfs have an average surface temperature of 1,800 K (2,700° F). There are an estimated one trillion brown dwarfs in our galaxy
alone, and some think they may be a source of the universe's missing mass.
12. Back inside the Nebula
As star’s are born inside the Orion Nebula the Nebula itself has
some fascinating thing’s going on.
The Orion Nebula has four monstrously massive stars,
collectively called the Trapezium.
13. Trapezium
The Trapezium, or Orion Trapezium Cluster, is a tight open
cluster of stars in the heart of the Orion Nebula, in the
constellation of Orion. It was discovered by Galileo Galilei. On
February 4, 1617 he sketched three of the stars (A, C, D), but
missed the surrounding nebulosity.
The fourth component (B) was identified by several observers
in 1673, and several more components were discovered later,
for a total of eight by 1888. Subsequently several of the stars
were determined to be binaries. Telescopes of amateur
astronomers from about 5 inch aperture can resolve six stars
under good seeing conditions.
15. Orion Nebula’s Black Hole?
In 2012 Scientists say they may have found a
Black Hole of 200 solar masses in the heart
of the Orion Trapezium Cluster.
According to astrophysicists, including Dr.
Holger Baumgardt, the aforementioned force
is likely to be a Black Hole located
somewhere in the between the four bright-
shining stars that make up the famed Orion's
Sword, known in astronomy as the
Trapezium at the very core of the Nebula.
16. Black Hole?- Continued
The Black Hole is measured to be about 200 times as massive as our own sun reports
Cornell University Library. In astronomical terms, Orion sits in our "own backyard" a
mere 1000 or so light years away says Science 2.0.
Setting up a virtual computer model of the Orion Nebula, "representing a tight cloud
of inter-stellar gas containing the right combination of heavy and light stars."
Scientists then calculated the stars' movement within the confines of the system.
As gas kept being pushed outward, the calculations explained, thus causing the cluster
to expand and the stars to move around more rapidly. Dr. Baumgardt stated that
studying and crunching the numbers for such a dense cluster was a challenge as the
required computations were many.
Several of the heavy-massed stars were "sling-shot" from the cluster, where as others
were forced into the middle of it and collided with the most massive star within it.
Ultimately, said star became too massive, as well as unstable, and thus, collapsed into
itself becoming a Black Hole.
The research team also pointed out how the findings dramatically impacted their
perceptions on the formation of massive stars and how such rich clusters "hatch from
their gaseous cocoons."
17. What is a Black Hole?
A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so
much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so
strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny
space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can't see black
holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special
tools can help find black holes. The special tools can
see how stars that are very close to black holes act
differently than other stars.
18. Fun Video on Black Holes!
• 25 crazy facts about Black Holes that make
them not so scary.
19. Recap on the Amazing
Orion Nebula
• It is one of the brightest nebulae, and is visible to the naked
eye in the night sky.
• A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and
otherionized gases.
• The nebula is thought to have a black hole at it’s center.
• Astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks,
brown dwarfs, and so much more inside the nebula.
• It has been noted in history since 1610 and is also thought to
have been depicted in Mayan culture.
• Since the Orion Nebula is visible to the naked eye it has been
one of the most popular Nebula’s in history and is the most
sought after.