The document is a lab report on measuring the vapor pressure curve of water. It includes an introduction to vapor pressure, how it increases with temperature. The history discusses Raoul's discovery about vapor pressure of solutions. The aim is to determine the vapor pressure curve of water at 200C and 50 bar and calculate the heat of vaporization. The lab used a high pressure steam boiler, beakers, burner and measured vapor pressure at various temperatures, recording the data in a table. Calculations included converting between Celsius and Kelvin and plotting vapor pressure against the inverse of temperature on a graph. Vapor pressure is important in applications like frying foods.

1. University of Halabja
college of science
physics department
second stage
Thermo Lab
Vapor-pressure curve of water
Prepared by: Supervised by:
Shene aziz Mr.karwan
Mr.musa
Mr.Amjad
Mss.Renas
2021-2022

2. Out line:
 Introduction
 History
 What is vapor pressure
 Types vapor pressure
 Aim vapor pressure
 Apparatuses vapor pressure
 Data
 Calculation
 Graph
 Application
 Reference

3. Introduction
Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency
of a material to change into the gaseous
or vapor state, and it increases with
temperature.

4. History:
In the 1880s, French chemist François-Marie
Raoul discovered that when a substance
is dissolved in a solution, the vapor pressure
of the solution will generally decrease.

5. What is vapor pressure in water
The vapor pressure of a liquid is the point at
which equilibrium pressure is reached,
in a closed container, between molecules
leaving the liquid and going into the gaseous
phase and molecules leaving the gaseous phase
and entering the liquid phase.

6. Apparatuses:
1]High-pressure steam boiler
2]Beaker DURAN
3]Stand base V-shape
4]Heat protective gloves
5]Safety goggles
6]butane gas burner
7]butane cartridge

7. Type of vapor pressure:
The two types of vaporization are evaporation and boiling.
Evaporation refers to the surface of a body of liquid
turning into gas, such as a drop of water on the concrete
turning into a gas on a hot day. Boiling refers to heating up a
liquid until it releases vapor, such as heating water on a
stove until steam forms

8. Aim of vapor and pressure:
1]Determining the steam pressure curve of water
at 200c and pressure near50bar.
2]Determine heat of vaporization of water.

9. Data:
t/c t/k 1/k p(bar) Ln(p)
200 473.15 2.11*10^-3 19 2.94
190 463.15 2.159*10^-3 12 2.48
180 453.15 2.206*10^-3 9.4 2.24
170 443.15 2.25*10^-3 7.2 1.9
160 433.15 2.30*10^-3 5.3 1.6
150 423.15 2.363*10^-3 3.9 1.3
140 413.15 2.42*10^-3 2.5 0.9
130 403.15 2.78*10^-3 1.8 0.5
120 393.15 2.54*10^-3 1 0
110 383.3 2.60*10^-3 0.5 -0.69
100 373.15 2.67*10^-3 0.1 -2.30
90 363.15 2.75*10^-3 0

10. Calculation:
k=c+273
1]T=200c=473.15k
T=1/T K=1/K
1]T=473.15K=1/473.15=2.113*10^-3K^-1
P(bar)=ln(p)
1]19bar=ln19=2.94

12. Application:
Vapor pressure, relating to boiling point and
heat of vaporization, is the most low vapor
pressures, so important cha preparation
racteristic in the application of fats to fried
food.

13. Reference:
https://sciencing.com/two-types-vaporization-8676696.html
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/vapor-pressure-
and-water
https://www.britannica.com/science/vapor-pressure