Canning Equipments: Construction & WorkingAbdul Rehman
Comprises of detailed theory alongwith labelled diagram of equipments used in Canning of Fruits and Vegetables. The flow chart which illustrates numerous process carried out in Canning Fruits and Vegetables.
Canning Equipments: Construction & WorkingAbdul Rehman
Comprises of detailed theory alongwith labelled diagram of equipments used in Canning of Fruits and Vegetables. The flow chart which illustrates numerous process carried out in Canning Fruits and Vegetables.
Abstract — The most common polymer in plastics is
polyethylene (PE), which is made from ethylene monomers
(CH2=CH2). In natural form it is not biodegradable. Low density
polyethylene is a vital cause of environmental pollution. It occurs
by choking sewer line through mishandling thus posing an
everlasting ecological threat, the making of the genetically
engineered microbes for bioremediation, the latter being a
strategy to develop an accelerated evolution of pathways by DNA
restructuring
Abstract — The most common polymer in plastics is
polyethylene (PE), which is made from ethylene monomers
(CH2=CH2). In natural form it is not biodegradable. Low density polyethylene is a vital cause of environmental pollution. It occurs by choking sewer line through mishandling thus posing an everlasting ecological threat, the making of the genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation, the latter being a strategy to develop an accelerated evolution of pathways by DNA restructuring. To enhance the biodegradation of polyethylene, pretreatment strategies were followed. Three different pretreatment strategies were employed for the present study, three duration of Pseudomanas putida treatment to PE were
analyzed on 7, 14, and 28th day. In the first, PE films were
subjected for Bleach with Alkali treatment and in the second they were subjected to UV light (UV-C,>300nm wavelength). Third with the EMS induction of bacterial strains and assessed for polymer biodegradation by Biomass weight loss, estimation of total carbohydrates and total protein in the culture supernatant, followed by DNA isolation for Gel electrophoresis, and Mutated DNA Stability analysis by Capillary Gel electrophoresis were carried out.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
Kelvin Water Technologies is the leading Manufacturer and Supplier of organic waste composters. An organic waste composter is a system or device that facilitates the decomposition of organic waste materials, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and other biodegradable substances, into nutrient-rich compost. Composting is an environmentally friendly method for diverting organic waste from landfills, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and producing valuable compost that can be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.
Introduction
Principle of canning
Foods that are canned
Canning processing
Spoilage of canned products
Containers for packing of canned products
Equipments used in canning process
I'm delighted to share the PDFs of lab courses in Microbial Physiology and Microbial Genetics. These comprehensive resources cover essential topics in understanding the intricate workings of microbes at a physiological and genetic level. these PDFs provide a detailed roadmap for our laboratory explorations.
Bacterial and Fungal CULTURE PRESERVATION.
SERIAL TRANSFER
PRESERVATION IN D/W
PRESERVATION UNDER OIL
LYOPHILIZATION
STORAGE OVER SILICA GEL
PRESERVATION ON PAPER
PRESERVATION ON BEADS
PRESERVATION ON SOIL
LIQUID DRYINNG.
CRYOPRESERVATION.
FROZEN AGAR PLUGS
PRESERVATION IN LIQ NITROGEN
2-STAGE FREEZING PROCESS
Abstract — The most common polymer in plastics is
polyethylene (PE), which is made from ethylene monomers
(CH2=CH2). In natural form it is not biodegradable. Low density
polyethylene is a vital cause of environmental pollution. It occurs
by choking sewer line through mishandling thus posing an
everlasting ecological threat, the making of the genetically
engineered microbes for bioremediation, the latter being a
strategy to develop an accelerated evolution of pathways by DNA
restructuring
Abstract — The most common polymer in plastics is
polyethylene (PE), which is made from ethylene monomers
(CH2=CH2). In natural form it is not biodegradable. Low density polyethylene is a vital cause of environmental pollution. It occurs by choking sewer line through mishandling thus posing an everlasting ecological threat, the making of the genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation, the latter being a strategy to develop an accelerated evolution of pathways by DNA restructuring. To enhance the biodegradation of polyethylene, pretreatment strategies were followed. Three different pretreatment strategies were employed for the present study, three duration of Pseudomanas putida treatment to PE were
analyzed on 7, 14, and 28th day. In the first, PE films were
subjected for Bleach with Alkali treatment and in the second they were subjected to UV light (UV-C,>300nm wavelength). Third with the EMS induction of bacterial strains and assessed for polymer biodegradation by Biomass weight loss, estimation of total carbohydrates and total protein in the culture supernatant, followed by DNA isolation for Gel electrophoresis, and Mutated DNA Stability analysis by Capillary Gel electrophoresis were carried out.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
Kelvin Water Technologies is the leading Manufacturer and Supplier of organic waste composters. An organic waste composter is a system or device that facilitates the decomposition of organic waste materials, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and other biodegradable substances, into nutrient-rich compost. Composting is an environmentally friendly method for diverting organic waste from landfills, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and producing valuable compost that can be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.
Introduction
Principle of canning
Foods that are canned
Canning processing
Spoilage of canned products
Containers for packing of canned products
Equipments used in canning process
I'm delighted to share the PDFs of lab courses in Microbial Physiology and Microbial Genetics. These comprehensive resources cover essential topics in understanding the intricate workings of microbes at a physiological and genetic level. these PDFs provide a detailed roadmap for our laboratory explorations.
Bacterial and Fungal CULTURE PRESERVATION.
SERIAL TRANSFER
PRESERVATION IN D/W
PRESERVATION UNDER OIL
LYOPHILIZATION
STORAGE OVER SILICA GEL
PRESERVATION ON PAPER
PRESERVATION ON BEADS
PRESERVATION ON SOIL
LIQUID DRYINNG.
CRYOPRESERVATION.
FROZEN AGAR PLUGS
PRESERVATION IN LIQ NITROGEN
2-STAGE FREEZING PROCESS
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Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
2. Management of storage pests
1. Surface treatment
Disinfect old gunny bags by dipping them in 0.0125 %
cypermethrin 25EC for 10 minutes and drying them in
shade before filling with grains or use new gunny bags.
Disinfect empty godowns or receptacles by spraying
0.05 % malathion 50EC emulsion on the floor, walls
and ceiling.
3. 2. Seed treatment.
Mixing of malathion 5D at the rate of 250 g per quintal
of seed is recommended.
The grains may also be treated with 25 ml of malathion
50 EC or 1.5 ml of cypermethrin 25EC or 14 ml of
deltamethrin 2.8EC per quintal of seed by diluting in
500 ml of water.
4. 3. Fumigation
Metallic drums or wooden boxes can be used for fumigating
small quantities of grain.
Ethylene dichloride and Carbon tetrachloride mixture has been
recommended for fumigation of food grains in storage
Hydrogen phosphide in the form of Aluminum phosphide or
methyl bromide for protection in warehouses, godowns.
5. Mixture of Ethylene dichloride and Carbon
tetrachloride @1 lit for 20 qtls of grain or 35 lit per 100
m3 of space with exposure period of 4 days is
recommended
Methyl bromide is used @ 3.5 kg per 100 m3 of space
with 10-12 hours exposure.
The fumigant, hydrogen phosphide (aluminum
phosphide), is available in tablet form and can be used
@ 1 tablet (3 g) per metric tone seeds or 25 tablets per
100 m3 of space with an exposure period of 7 days.
6. 4. Use of improved storage receptacles:
The grains can be best protected by using improved
insect-proof receptacles of various types.
(a) Indoor Bins
Domestic metal bins, Gharelu theka, Pucca kothi, Welded
wire-mesh bin, Reinforced cement ring bins, Paddy straw-
mud structure.
(b) Outdoor Bins
Flat and hopper bottom-metal bins, Composite bins, Partly
underground and above ground structures, Seed storage
bins, Ferro-cement bins, Pusa bin, Improved godowns,
Bulk storage installations and Vacuum process storage.
9. INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF STORED
PRODUCE PESTS
The control methods of stored produce pests can be
categorized into preventive and curative measures.
1. Preventive measures
Clean and maintain the threshing floor/yard, machines
and made the trucks, trolleys or bullock carts free from
infestation.
Clean the godowns/ storage structures, brush the cracks,
crevices and corners to remove all debris in the
godowns.
Close all the rat burrows with a mixture of broken glass
pieces and mud plastered with mud/ cement.
Plaster the cracks, crevices, holes found on walls, and
floors with mud or cement and white wash
10. Fix up wire meshes to windows, ventilators, gutters, drains
etc., to prevent entry of rats, birds and squirrels.
Store the food grains in rat and moisture proof storage
structures.
Disinfest the storage structures receptacles by spraying
malathion 50 EC @ 3 lit 100m before their use.
2.Curative measures
i) Ecological methods
• Temperature above 420 C and below 150 C retards reproduction
and development of insect but prolonged temperature above
450 C and below 100 C may kill the insects.
• moisture content below 10% to prevent the buildup of pests.
11. reduce oxygen level by 1% to increase the CO2 level
automatically, which will be lethal to all the stages of insects.
ii) Physical methods
Provide a super heating system by infrared heaters at 55 –600C
in 10 – 20 mints.
Generate low oxygen (2.4% and to develop high carbon
dioxide (9.0 – 9.5) by adding CO2 to control the insects.
iii) Cultural methods
• Store the food grains in air tight sealed structures to prevent the
infestation by insects.
12. iv) Mechanical methods
• Sieve and remove all broken grains
• Stitch all torn out bags before filling the grains.
v) Chemical methods
malathion 50 EC 10 ml/L at 3 Ll spray solution/10 sq.m
(walls and ceilings)
Spray malathion 50 EC 10 ml/ L with @ 3 L of spray fluid
/ 100 m2 over the bags.
13. FUMIGATION
Ethylene dibromide (EDB), Ethylene dichloride,
Carbon tetra chloride, Aluminum phosphide (ALP)
to control stored produce pests effectively.
Apply Aluminum phosphide (available in 0.6 g and
3 gram tablets) @ 3 tablets (3 gram each) per tone of
food grains lot with help of an applicator.
Guidelines are:
3 tablets of Aluminum phosphide (of 3 g each) per
tone of grain.
21 tablets of Aluminum phosphide (of 3 g each) per
28 cubic meters
Period of fumigation is 5 days
15. Possible Questions:
1. list out chemicals used for surface and bags
treatment.
2. How to manage the stored grain pest in storage
condition?
3. Why management of stored grain pest is important
and how to manage them?