HEALTH PROMOTION IN OLDER ADULT, POPULATION AGEING - CHALLENGES DETERMINANTS OF ACTIVE AGEING HEALTH STATUS OF ELDERS PREVENTIVE GERIATRICS POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE ADVANCING HEALTH AND WELLBEING Of OLD AGE
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over & improve their health by developing their resources to maintain or enhance well being.
COUNSELING FOR OLDER ADULT AREAS OF COUNSELLING COUNSELLING AGENDAS FOR SENIOR CITIZENS TYPES OF COUNSELING CARING INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY COUNSELLING FOR SENIOR CITIZENS ADAPTATIONS TO THE COUNSELING PROCESS SPECIAL EMPHASIS AND TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING
All vital organs begin to lose some function as you age during adulthood. Aging changes occur in all of the body's cells, tissues, and organs, and these changes affect the functioning of all body systems. Living tissue is made up of cells. There are many different types of cells, but all have the same basic structure.
Elderly physical and physiological changes and nutrient requirementsT. Tamilselvan
This presentation deals with the challenges faced by elderly people during physical and physiological changes and the problems associated with old age, nutrient requirements during old age, nutrients influencing the aging process.It will give a brief overview of all these things mentioned above.
UNIT-VII REHABILITATION M.SC II YEAR.pptxanjalatchi
he action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.
"she underwent rehabilitation and was walking within three weeks"
What is Geriatrics
Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health care of the elderly. It aims to promote health and to prevent and treat diseases and disabilities in older adults.
Geriatrics was separated from internal medicine as a distinct entity in the same way that pediatrics is separated from adult internal medicine and neonatology is separated from pediatrics
Gerontology
Gerontology is the branch of biomedical sciences that studies aging. The term “geriatrics” is used to refer specifically to the medical study of diseases and problems of the elderly.
Changes with ageing
Skin
Epidermis thinner and fragile
Dermis less elastin and flexible
Hypodermis thinner and less padding
UV light accelerates skin ageing
Senile purpura
Eye
Ptosis
Dry eye
Tearing
Flatten & uneven cornea with light scattering
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Smaller pupil requiring brighter light to read
Slower dark adaptation
Reduced contrast sensitivity
Ear
Reduced sweat glands with increased ear wax affecting hearing
Cochlea degeneration causing high tone loss
Kidneys
Reduced ability to excrete water, waste products and drugs
Less tolerate water depletion
Loss of circulation rhythm with nocturia
Smaller and less expansible bladder with frequency of urine
Less contractable bladder with hesitancy
Bigger prostate with fair urine stream
Bone
Continual loss of bone mass from the 4th decade
Hormonal change with more bone resorption than formation
Less Ca absorption
Shorter and stoop
Brittle with easy fracture
New bone formation at the verge of joints
Cartilage thinner
Nervous system
30,000-50,000 neurons die each day with diminishing reserve
IQ slowly decline after the age of 25
Reduced short term memory
Decreases retrieval ability
Interrupted and less deep sleep
Reduced pain, touch, temperature, and vibration sensations
Reduced postural control and balance
heart
Heart becomes more rigid with decreased output
Heartbeat less responsive to stress
Heartbeat less variable with each breathing
Irregular heart beat more common with ageing
Systolic blood pressure increases with age
Pulse pressure widened with hardened vessels
Less efficient venous return prone to postural hypotension
Lungs
Lungs become more rigid with early closure of small airways
Less efficient blood gas exchange
Chest wall becomes more rigid too
Reduced lung volume and vital capacity
Bronchial villi thinner and cough reflex less effective
Reduced ability to cope with challenges like climbing stairs, running
Reduced immunity prone to chest infection
GIT
Saliva glands secret less with dry mouth
Taste and smell senses decline
Less healthy teeth affecting chewing/nutrition
Stomach muscle weakened and less hungry
Small intestine villi absorb less calcium, vitamin B12, folic acid
Large intestine muscle weakened and secrets less mucus prone to constipation
Less liver blood flow and function with fall in toxic substance/drug clearance
Bile thicker with cholesterol prone gallstone
Diseases in old age
Geriatri
A man's life is normally divided into five main stages namely infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. In each of these stages an individual has to find himself in different situations and face different problems. The old age is not without problems. In old age physical strength deteriorates, mental stability diminishes; money power becomes bleak coupled with negligence from the younger generation.
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over & improve their health by developing their resources to maintain or enhance well being.
COUNSELING FOR OLDER ADULT AREAS OF COUNSELLING COUNSELLING AGENDAS FOR SENIOR CITIZENS TYPES OF COUNSELING CARING INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY COUNSELLING FOR SENIOR CITIZENS ADAPTATIONS TO THE COUNSELING PROCESS SPECIAL EMPHASIS AND TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING
All vital organs begin to lose some function as you age during adulthood. Aging changes occur in all of the body's cells, tissues, and organs, and these changes affect the functioning of all body systems. Living tissue is made up of cells. There are many different types of cells, but all have the same basic structure.
Elderly physical and physiological changes and nutrient requirementsT. Tamilselvan
This presentation deals with the challenges faced by elderly people during physical and physiological changes and the problems associated with old age, nutrient requirements during old age, nutrients influencing the aging process.It will give a brief overview of all these things mentioned above.
UNIT-VII REHABILITATION M.SC II YEAR.pptxanjalatchi
he action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.
"she underwent rehabilitation and was walking within three weeks"
What is Geriatrics
Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health care of the elderly. It aims to promote health and to prevent and treat diseases and disabilities in older adults.
Geriatrics was separated from internal medicine as a distinct entity in the same way that pediatrics is separated from adult internal medicine and neonatology is separated from pediatrics
Gerontology
Gerontology is the branch of biomedical sciences that studies aging. The term “geriatrics” is used to refer specifically to the medical study of diseases and problems of the elderly.
Changes with ageing
Skin
Epidermis thinner and fragile
Dermis less elastin and flexible
Hypodermis thinner and less padding
UV light accelerates skin ageing
Senile purpura
Eye
Ptosis
Dry eye
Tearing
Flatten & uneven cornea with light scattering
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
Smaller pupil requiring brighter light to read
Slower dark adaptation
Reduced contrast sensitivity
Ear
Reduced sweat glands with increased ear wax affecting hearing
Cochlea degeneration causing high tone loss
Kidneys
Reduced ability to excrete water, waste products and drugs
Less tolerate water depletion
Loss of circulation rhythm with nocturia
Smaller and less expansible bladder with frequency of urine
Less contractable bladder with hesitancy
Bigger prostate with fair urine stream
Bone
Continual loss of bone mass from the 4th decade
Hormonal change with more bone resorption than formation
Less Ca absorption
Shorter and stoop
Brittle with easy fracture
New bone formation at the verge of joints
Cartilage thinner
Nervous system
30,000-50,000 neurons die each day with diminishing reserve
IQ slowly decline after the age of 25
Reduced short term memory
Decreases retrieval ability
Interrupted and less deep sleep
Reduced pain, touch, temperature, and vibration sensations
Reduced postural control and balance
heart
Heart becomes more rigid with decreased output
Heartbeat less responsive to stress
Heartbeat less variable with each breathing
Irregular heart beat more common with ageing
Systolic blood pressure increases with age
Pulse pressure widened with hardened vessels
Less efficient venous return prone to postural hypotension
Lungs
Lungs become more rigid with early closure of small airways
Less efficient blood gas exchange
Chest wall becomes more rigid too
Reduced lung volume and vital capacity
Bronchial villi thinner and cough reflex less effective
Reduced ability to cope with challenges like climbing stairs, running
Reduced immunity prone to chest infection
GIT
Saliva glands secret less with dry mouth
Taste and smell senses decline
Less healthy teeth affecting chewing/nutrition
Stomach muscle weakened and less hungry
Small intestine villi absorb less calcium, vitamin B12, folic acid
Large intestine muscle weakened and secrets less mucus prone to constipation
Less liver blood flow and function with fall in toxic substance/drug clearance
Bile thicker with cholesterol prone gallstone
Diseases in old age
Geriatri
A man's life is normally divided into five main stages namely infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. In each of these stages an individual has to find himself in different situations and face different problems. The old age is not without problems. In old age physical strength deteriorates, mental stability diminishes; money power becomes bleak coupled with negligence from the younger generation.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Research data from more than 50 countries confirm that there exist strong protective factors against health compromising behaviours in adolescents. This knowledge will help us to balance the traditional focus on risk factors and support the development of interventions that strengthen protective factors in adolescents themselves, in their relations with adults and their wider environment.
The document makes the case for concerted action on adolescent health, it explains CAH's "4S framework" to strengthen the response of the health sector to adolescents, CAH's systematic approach to scaling up health service provision to adolescents, and the rationale and objectives of CAH's work in focus countries.
It is intended for staff from other departments in WHO working on health issues of relevance to adolescents (e.g. reproductive health or mental health), staff in WHO's Regional and Country Offices, staff in other organizations supporting efforts or working themselves to improve the health of adolescents, and policy makers and programme managers in ministries of health.
Unit vi national policy on senior citizens 2011anjalatchi
• The foundation of the new policy, known as the “National Policy for Senior Citizens 2011” is based on several factors. These include the demographic explosion among the elderly, the changing economy and social milieu, advancement in medical research, science and technology and high levels of destitution among the elderly rural poor (51 million elderly live below the poverty line). A higher proportion of elderly women than men experience loneliness and are dependent on children. Social deprivations and exclusion, privatization of health services and changing pattern of morbidity affect the elderly. All those of 60 years and above are senior citizens. This policy addresses issues concerning senior citizens living in urban and rural areas, special needs of the “oldest old? and older women.
At the end of this session, the student shall be able to
What is gerontology and it’s branches?
Describe the growing burden of geriatric age group.
Classify and Enumerate the Health problems of the aged.
What are the lifestyle factors which helps the aged?
Describe the health status of the aged in India.
Describe the Schemes & Policy for Older Person in India
Explain the Implication of the ageing population in India
How are these diseases prevented in the elderly?
An overview of the health situation of youth today is provided in this chapter, which also explores the serious health challenges this vulnerable group is facing with the context of local and global developments. Socio-economic, cultural, educational and other factors affecting young people’s health are examined, and reference is made to particular issues and areas of concern. Emphasis is given to the importance of involving young people in identifying problems and developing solutions to ensure that programmes, policies and health services address their needs.
Ageing is an important physiological phenomenon faced by all living individuals that is multifactorial and complex. The causation is still a matter of controversy. There is a lack of consensus regarding the appropriate age of ageing, though most of the countries uses chronological ages.
This presentation is regarding active ageing that builds up framework that will help the elderly mass to live a disease free active life with active participation and security in life.
This presentation also describes the different challenges faced by the elderly population for active ageing.
Government of India has been working for the aged population and there has been a number of policies and programmes that are solely dedicated to the elderly masses that has been also described here.
This project reflects attitude towards aged people in our society especially in India. Based on few reports it tends to bring in light often ignored form of violence and abuse.
Old age healthcare security an urgent need for the ageing urban populationHealthcare consultant
In the dusk of their life, an alarming number of India's ninety one million sixty-plus population is suffering from loneliness, neglect, depression, physical and mental abuse and a plethora of diseases without proper medical care. Often enough, the senior citizens' help lines are the only support the old people have in teeming metropolises like Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkatta, Delhi etc.Property disputes and financial concerns are the main causes of abuse of the elderly, with the youth often perceiving them as a burden. The help lines promise the senior citizens seeking help absolute confidentiality and carry out social intervention to solve the problem, Many of the elderly have lost their spouses. Their friends and relatives circles also narrow down as disease and death take their toll. There has been a spurt in suicides by the elderly as increased loneliness, depression, disease and lack of care induces a sense of helplessness amongst them.
The preliminary plan_of_long-term_care_insurancenobisyu
According to our estimation, the number of disability and dementia was about 396,937 in 2008 in Taiwan. As the population aging, the disability population will increase. It is estimated to reach 811,971 in 2028.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) had estimated the financial burden of medical and long-term care of member states in 2006. It found that the average ratio of health and long-term care expenditure to GDP will be from 6.7% in 2005 to 12.8% in 2050 in demographic ageing situation.
Sudden onset of Disaster-Rehabilitation.pptxselvaraj227
SUDDEN ONSET OF DISASTER-REHABILITATION- HAZARD, Risk ,Vulnerable, Slow onset disaster
Rapid onset disaster(Sudden, ) REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, COMMON INJURY, ROLE OF REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS, DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, DISASTER RESPONSE TEAMS, Honeymoon period- Period of disillusionment , Period of disillusionment, Nodal Angencies for Disaster management and conclusion
Psychological Health Among couple and family.pptxselvaraj227
Psychological Health among couples and family- infertility, Family, couples, FAMILY LIFE CYCLE, infertility affects a family, Infertility Impacts Relationship, Ways to Cope, FAMILY THERAPY, Couple Therapy,Sexual Stress , Fears , Tension and Resentment, Misunderstandings, Financial Strain, Differences of Opinion, Communicate , Connect in Other Ways Allow for Differences Counselling, Remember Infertility Is Not Forever, Eventually, you’ll either have a child or stop trying to conceive. But there is life after infertility. Hold onto that hope.
HORTICULTURE THERAPY, LEVEL OF DEPRESSION, INSTITUTIONALIZED OLD AGE POPULATION, old age home, Preparation of flower bed (session I),The results revealed that the mean score of depression before the intervention was (15.47 ± 3.40). But after the intervention, the results revealed that the mean scores of depression were (11.87±4.71).
Planting of seedling (session II)
Watering (daily)
Weeding (as needed)
Fertilizing (once in 2 weeks)
Walking around
Admiring other participants’ plants
Watching and listening to birds, insects, and butterflies The results revealed that the mean score of depression before the intervention was (15.47 ± 3.40). But after the intervention, the results revealed that the mean scores of depression were (11.87±4.71). it was concluded that the horticulture therapy was found to be effective in reducing the depression level of institutionalized older population in the old age home. In particular, more experimental studies are needed to investigate between-group effects of HT on older adults
Population at risk and its preventive practice of mental health nursingselvaraj227
The population at risk and its preventive practice of mental health nursing, THE CHANGING FOCUS OF CARE THE COMMUNITY AS CLIENT SITUATIONAL CRISES, Maturational Crises
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE selvaraj227
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND DISEASE, PRINCIPLES OF AGING FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTHY AGEING CHALLENGES IN RESPONDING TO POPULATION AGEING COMMON HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS OF AN OLDER PERSON, NEED OF AGING MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS, Health promotion WAYS TO ENSURE EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF ELDERLY PARENTS, Promoting wellbeing
PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING PROCESS, CONCEPTS OF AGING PROBLEMS WITH NORMAL AGING, AGEING PROCESS PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING, PROBLEMS IN OLD AGE, USUAL TO SUCCESSFUL AGING
PSYCHO-SOCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IN END OF LIFE , PALLIATIVE CARE , HOSPICE CARE selvaraj227
PSYCHOSOCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IN END OF LIFE, LOSS, ANTICIPATORY GRIEF, MOURNING , BEREAVEMENT, GRIEF THEORY, END OF LIFE CAREGIVING IN THE FINAL STAGES OF LIFE, PALLIATIVE CARE HOSPICE CARE
CCOMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM-NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM AND CHANGING ...selvaraj227
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM-NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM AND CHANGING FOCUS OF CARE, COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA, NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME. COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH-PSYCHIATRIC NURSE ATTRIBUTES
COGNITIVE DISORDER ,DEMENTIA NURSING DIAGNOSES, NURSING PROCESS FOR COGNITI...selvaraj227
COGNITIVE DISORDER, DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA AMNESTIC DISORDERS, NURSING PROCESS FOR COGNITIVE DISORDERS, CLIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION, MEDICATION MANAGEMENT OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS, CLINICAL FEATURES (FOR ALZHEIMER'S TYPE) TREATABLE AND REVERSIBLE CAUSES
EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PRACTICE, Components of EPB BASES FOR NURSING PRACTICE, DEVELOPING EVIDENCE-BASED CARE, HIERARCHY OF RESEARCH EVIDENCE, TAXONOMY FOR INFORMED DECISION-MAKING, CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BEHAVIORAL HEALTH PRACTICE GUIDELINES, CLINICAL ALGORITHMS
Qualitative analysis of data. STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONSselvaraj227
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS PRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONS
Principles, structure and apllications of bright field and dark field microsc...selvaraj227
BRIGHT-FIELD MICROSCOPY. STEPS OF BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPY. DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY.USE OF DARK FILED MICROSCOPE.DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE BRIGHT AND DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. SEMINAR ON HEALTH PROMOTION IN
OLDER ADULT
Presented by
Selvaraj.P
Ph.D Scholar
Oct-2019 Batch Guide
Dr.Sasi.Vaithilingan
Professor Cum Vice-Principal
VMCON Pondicherry.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Ageing is a global phenomenon.
• It is projected that the proportion of Indians aged 60 and
older will rise from 7.5% in 2010 to 11.1% in 2025.
• Elderly care in India is fast emerging as a critical element of
both the public and private concern.
• Due to modernization the elderly today do not enjoy the
same status as they enjoyed in past.
• Need for a dynamic action plan to utilize the resources of the
elderly and enhance their social status in the community.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
4. Con’t
• The ageing population will present a major challenge
for the public health care system in near future
• Geriatrics is relatively new in India.
• Migration of younger generation, lack of proper care in
the family, insufficient housing, economic hardship and
break-up of joint family have made the old age homes
seem more relevant even in the Indian context.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
5. THE CHANGING SOCIAL SCENARIO
• The traditional norms and values of Indian society
also laid stress on showing respect and providing
care for the elderly.
• Nuclear family set-ups in recent years, the elderly
are likely to be exposed to emotional, physical and
financial insecurity in the years to come.
• Health problems also need multi-disciplinary
specialist care from various disciplines
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
6. Con’t
• The elderly population suffers high rates of morbidity
and mortality due to infectious diseases. Given the
challenges of an ageing population,
• Health-care systems will need to shift their emphasis
away from acute care to managing chronic diseases and
to disease prevention by vaccination of elderly
• The healthy ageing should include comprehensive
promotional, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of
health.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
7. PROBLEMS OF OLDER PERSONS
Abuse
Boredom
Failing Health
Fear
Isolation
Neglect
Inability to Mainstream
Economic Insecurity
Loss of Control
Lowered Self Esteem and Equity 1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
8. POPULATION AGEING - CHALLENGES
How do we help people remain independent and
active as they age
How can Health promotion and prevention policies
be strengthened
How can quality of life are improved
What effect does ageing has on Social Security
System and Health Care
How to balance the role of Family and State1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
9. ACTIVE AGEING
The key factors of are:
Periodic Health Check up
Promoting Nutrition and Exercise
Avoiding Substance Abuse and Self Medication
Health Education - Elderly and Caregiver.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
10. DETERMINANTS OF ACTIVE AGEING
Health and Social services
Behavioural determinants
Personal determinants
Social determinants
Economic determinants
Physical environments
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
11. HEALTH STATUS OF ELDERS
• With advancing age, ill-health becomes a major
hindrance for the well–being of the elderly.
• The prevalence and incidence of diseases are much
higher in older people than the other population.
• There is also a shift in the disease pattern i.e. from
communicable to non-communicable. Non-
communicable diseases (life style related and
degenerative)
1/13/2021
VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
12. Con’t
• The treatment/ management of these chronic diseases
are also costly, especially for cancer, joint replacements,
heart surgery, neuro-surgical procedures etc.,
• The public health significance of these demographic
transformations includes the increased burden of
chronic disease and disability on health care and socio-
economic impacts on care giving.
• Women are more frequently affected than men in both
villages and cities.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
13. PREVENTIVE GERIATRICS
Periodic health checkups of elderly with specific goals.
Investigations to be relevant for the particular patient.
Counselling and Communication on Injury prevention, Life
style, Immunisation, Early screening of disorders etc.
should be given periodically.
Adopting healthy lifestyles is a preventive measure.
Acute Care Hospitals • Day Care Hospitals • Long Term
Care • Mobile Geriatric Unit • Community Based
Rehabilitation
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14. Acute Care
• The goals of Critical care are restoring physiological
stability, preventing complications, maintaining
comfort and safety, preserving or preventing decline
in pre–illness functional ability and Quality of Life
(QOL).
• With the advance of age, people tend to
significantly benefit from intensive care.
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15. Day Care
Closer to community
Minor ailments
Referral Centre
Cost effective
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16. Long term Care
Under long term care, the patients are classified as
Short Stayers (1-6 months) and Long Stayers (6m-years)
depending upon their ailment. The Patients are usually
referred to as residents.
Older people with chronic illness, disability, paralysis,
dementia, terminal illness, fractures are provided safe
and supportive environment.
Nursing facilities are primarily freestanding in the
community or separate units in hospitals
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17. POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR
ELDERLY PEOPLE
NATIONAL POLICY FOR OLDER PERSONS (NPOP) 1999
• The National Policy on older Persons was announced by the
Central Government of India in the year, 1999 to reaffirm the
commitment to ensure the well-being of the older persons.
• The policy recognizes a person aged 60 years and above as
elderly.
• This policy enables and supports voluntary and
nongovernmental organizations to supplement the care
provided by the family and provide care and protection to
vulnerable elderly people 1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
18. Con’t
• It was a step to promote the health, safety, social
security and well-being of elderly in India
• The policy envisages state support in a number of
areas – financial and food security, healthcare and
nutrition, shelter, education, welfare, protection of
life and property etc. for the well being of elderly
people in the country.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
19. The primary objectives of this policy are :
1. To ensure the well-being of the elderly so that they do
not become marginalised, unprotected or ignored on
any count.
2. To encourage families to take care of their older family
members by adopting mechanisms for improving inter
generational ties so as to make the elderly a part and
parcel of families.
3. To encourage individuals to make adequate provision
for their own as well as their spouse’s old age.1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
20. Con’t
4. To provide protection on various grounds like
financial security, health care, shelter and welfare,
including protection against abuse and exploitation.
5. To enable and support voluntary and non-
governmental organizations to supplement the care
provided by the family and recognising the need for
expansion of social and community services with
universal accessibility.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
21. Con’t
6. To provide care and protection to the vulnerable
elderly people by ensuring for the elderly an equitable
share in the benefits of development.
7. To provide adequate healthcare facility to the elderly.
8.To promote research and training facilities to train
caregivers and organizers of services for the elderly.
9. To create awareness regarding elderly persons to help
them lead productive and independent life.
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22. New schemes
1. To Promotion of the concept of healthy ageing.
2. .To Setting up of Directorates of Older Persons in the States.
3 To Training and orientation to medical and paramedical personnel in health
care of the elderly.
4. To Assistance to societies for production and distribution of material on
elderly care.
5. To Strengthening of primary health care system to enable it to meet the
health care needs of older persons.
6. To Provision of separate queues and reservation of beds for elderly patients
in hospitals.
7. To Extended coverage under the Antodaya Schemes especially emphasis for
elderly people.
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23. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OLDER PERSONS
(NCOP)
1. To advise the Government on policies and programmes for
older persons.
2. To represent the collective opinion of elderly persons to the
government.
3. To suggest steps to make old age productive and interesting.
4. To provide feedback to the government on the implementation
of the NPOP as well as on specific programme initiatives for
elderly.
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24. Con’t
5. To suggest measures to enhance the quality of inter-
generational relationships.
6. To provide a nodal point at the national level for
redressing the grievances of older persons
7. To work as a nodal point at the national level for
redressing the grievances of elderly people.
8. To undertake any other work or activity in the best
interest of elderly people.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
25. CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME
• An integrated Programme for Older Persons (IPOP) is
being implemented since 1992 with the objective of
improving the quality of life of senior citizens by
providing basic amenities like food, shelter, medical
care and entertainment opportunities and by
encouraging productive and active ageing.
• Under this scheme financial assistance up to 90 percent
of the project cost is provided to Non-Governmental
Organizations for running and maintenance of old age
homes, day care centers and mobile medicine units1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
26. Con’t
• To Maintenance of respite care homes and continuous
carre homes.
• To Sensitizing programmes for children particularly in
schools and colleges.
• To Regional resource and training centers for caregivers
of elderly persons.
• To Volunteer Bureau for elderly persons o Formation of
associations for elderly.
• To Helplines and counselling centers for older persons.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
27. Con’t
• To Awareness Generation Programmes for elderly
people and caregivers.
• To Running of day care centers for patients of
Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia, and physiotherapy
clinics for elderly people.
• To Providing disability and hearing aids for the
elderly people.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
28. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR HEALTH
CARE OF ELDERLY (NPHCE)
• The National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly
(NPHCE) is an articulation of the International and National
commitments of the Government
• National Policy on Older Persons (NPOP) adopted by the
Government of India in 1999 (which is a comprehensive
document for the welfare of older persons) and Section 20 of
The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens
Act, 2007 dealing with provisions for medical care of Senior
Citizens.
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29. THE VISION OF THE NPHCE
• Is to provide accessible, affordable and high-quality longterm,
comprehensive and dedicated care services to the Ageing
population through community based primary health care
approach
• To identify health problems in the elderly and provide
appropriate health interventions in the community with a
strong referral backup support
• To provide referral services to the elderly patients through
district hospitals and regional medical institutions.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
30. KEY FUNCTIONS NPHCE
Regional Geriatric Centres:
• Provide tertiary level services for
complicated/serious Geriatric Cases referred from
Medical Colleges, District Hospitals and below.
• Conducting post-graduate courses in Geriatric
Medicine.
• Providing training to the trainers of identified
District hospitals and Medical Colleges
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
31. Con’t
• Developing evidence based treatment protocols for
Geriatric diseases prevalent in the country.
• Developing and updating Training modules,
guidelines and IEC materials.
• Research on specific elderly diseases.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
32. Community Health Centre (CHC) under
NPHCE
• First Referral Unit: CHC will be the first medical referral
unit for patients from PHCs and below. Referral for
further investigations and treatment to District
Hospitals/Medical Colleges would be made as per
need.
• Geriatric Clinic: CHC will arrange dedicated and
specialised Geriatric Clinics for the elderly persons
twice a week.
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33. Con’t
• Rehabilitation Services: Physiotherapist /
Rehabilitation worker will be provided at CHC for
physiotherapy and medical rehabilitation. Domiciliary
visits by the rehabilitation worker will be undertaken
for bed-ridden elderly and counselling to family
members for caring such patients.
• Data Compilation: Data received from all the PHCs in
jurisdiction of CHCs on elderly would be compiled and
forwarded to the District Programme Officer.
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34. HELPAGE
• India set up in 1978 is a secular, not-for-profit
organisation whose mission is to work for the cause
and care of disadvantaged Older Persons in order to
improve the quality of their lives
• Provide relief to them through various interventions
and help them live with dignity, independence &
self-fulfilment.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
35. Con’t
• HelpAge India acts as the voice of the elderly and
promotes their cause with the Central and State
governments.
• HelpAge India focuses on improved access to health
and eye care facilities, community-based services and
livelihood support for the elderly.
• HelpAge also offers integrated age care services for the
elderly in urban & rural areas and one such example is
the Mobile Medicare Unit (MMU) programme.
36. Con’t
• Active participation in society and development
• Work & ageing labour force
• Rural development, migration and urbanization
• Access to knowledge, education and Training
• Intergenerational solidarity
• Eradication of poverty
• Income security, social protection/social security &
poverty prevention
• Emergency situations
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37. ADVANCING HEALTH AND WELLBEING Of
OLD AGE
• Health promotion & wellbeing
• Universal access to healthcare services
• Older persons and HIV/AIDS
• Training of care providers & health professionals
• Mental health needs of older persons
• Older people and disabilities
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
38. FEDERATION OF SENIOR CITIZENS
ASSOCIATION OF TAMIL NADU
• The Federation of Senior Citizens Association of Tamil
Nadu (FOSCATAN) was formed in the year 2009 to
represent the Senior Citizens issues to Government in
unison.(FOSCATAN)
• Problems such as isolation, loneliness and lack of family
care could be managed by Senior Citizens by forming
groups with goals of realising good social objectives
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
39. FUNCTIONS
• Funds: As elders too contribute to the coffers of the State through
direct and indirect taxes,
• Old Age Home: There are many elders who do not have proper
accommodation including the affluent class who are on the
lookout for decent old age homes.
• Day care Centres: To be set up mostly by NGOs with assistance
from Govt., so that the families can leave their elder parents
during the day time in safe and secure environment.
• Meals on Wheels: As the elders cannot manage cooking for
themselves, this service has to be set up mostly by NGOs
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
40. Con’t
• Care givers: The care givers have to be professionally
trained to do their jobs
• Elder Abuse: The abuse can be physical, mental, social,
financial, in public or private. They need to be offered
protection and family members need counseling.
• Formation of SHGs for Senior Citizens: They can be
engaged in some income generation activity through
SHG
• Old Age Pension: The OAP now provided is inadequate
with the higher cost of living, which may be enhanced.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
41. Con’t
• Part time Jobs: Many of them have the skill, expertise and
willingness to engage them in some part time employment to
augment their incomes.
• MMU for elders: Geriatric medical care can be provided
through Mobile Medical Units particularly in rural areas.
• Senior citizens card: Every senior citizen should be provided a
card and arrangements should be made through tie-ups to
enable them to get concessions at diagnostic centres, private
hospitals, pharmacies etc.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
42. CON’T
• Health Insurance: Affordable, without any
conditions on exigencies and restricting about
existing diseases.
• Tourism : Tourism department could arrange for
tour packages exclusively programmed for the
elders at concessional rates
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
43. GERIATRICS DEPARTMENT IN THE
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE (MMC).
– Referral Service (65+ with multiple problems)
– Comprehensive Evaluation
– Laboratory Services
– Medical and Rehabilitative Therapy
– Other Specialised Services
• Acute Care Services • Intermediate Care
• Rehabilitation • Long Term Care
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
44. STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTHENING
GERIATRICS DEPARTMENT
• Objectives
– Providing Visiting Home health service.
– Improving the existing out patient service and Acute Care.
– Providing Long Term Care facility.
– Developing a research database on the health status.
• Strategies
– Level One : Home Health Service
– Level Two : Community Based Health Centres
– Level Three : Hospital Based Service
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
46. SUMMARY
• Industrialisation, Urbanisation, Education are bringing
changes in values and life styles in our society.
• Disintegration of the joint family structures, rapid expansion
of the nuclear family system and migration to urban areas &
out of the country have created challenges in the care of the
elderly.
• Poverty and loneliness further add to the problem of elder
care by rendering them even more vulnerable.
• After having served all through their life, they need to be
taken care of and made to feel privileged.
1/13/2021 VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
47. REFERENCE
• Mane AB (2016) Elderly Care in India: Way Forward. J Gerontol Geriatr Res
5: 339. doi:10.4172/2167-7182.1000339
• Tiwari SC and Pandey NM. Health Care Challenges of Indian Older Adults
with Special Reference to Mental Health: An Overview. Austin Palliat Care.
2016; 1(1): 1005.
• http://www.spc.tn.gov.in/spc_reports/Geriatrics.pdf
• https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/54462/13/13_chapter
%207.pdf
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3843295/
• https://www.longdom.org/open-access/elderly-care-in-india-way-forward-
2167-7182-1000339.pdf
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VMRF(DU) NSG 19 OCT 07
