The document discusses machismo and feminism, two ideologies that have shaped views on gender equality over the 20th century. Machismo asserts male superiority and has historical, religious, and social causes that promote discrimination against women. This can psychologically and emotionally harm women and destabilize relationships. Feminism emerged in waves to advocate for women's rights and suffrage through political and social movements, with some forms also addressing religious views. Feminism has aimed to achieve greater gender equality and empowerment of women in society.