Set theory is the study of sets, which are collections of objects known as elements. A set can be represented through description using words, set notation using curly brackets, or Venn diagrams. Common set operations include union, intersection, subsets, complements, and the empty set. For two sets to be equal, they must contain all the same elements. The intersection of sets contains elements that are common to both sets, while the union includes all elements in either set.

1. SET THEORY

2. SET is a collection or groups of objects with certain
characteristics.
The object are known as elements.
A set can be represented by :
–Description
Eg : P is a set of colour of the rainbow
– Set notation
Eg : P = { red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,
purple}

3. - Venn Diagram

4. Symbols :
to show an element of a
certain set
n (A) denote the number of
elements in set A
{ } or an empty set

5. n(A)=7

6. Two set, X and Y are equal if all the elements of set X are
elements of set Y and vice versa
Example :
X = { Letters in the word LOVE }
Y = { Letters in the word EVOLVE }
then, X = { L,O,V,E }
Y = { E,V,O,L }
X and Y have the same elements, so X=Y

7. Set A is a subset of B if all the elements of set
A are found in set B
Universal set is a set with all the elements under
discussion
The complement of set P is a set that has all the
elements in the universal set but not in P and
written as P’

8. B 4
6
A
7
1
2
3 8
5
9
10
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} B’= {9,10}
A= {1,3,5,7} A’={2,4,6,8,9,10}
B= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}

9. OPERATION ON SET
Intersection on set
Union on set
Eg : A = { a, e }
B = { a, c, d, e }
= { a, b, c, d, e, f }
A B = { a, e }
A B = { a, c, d, e }

10. A B
b
a c
e d
f

11. Example:
A= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
B= {1,3,5,7,9}
C= {2,3,5,7}
A B= {1,3,5,7,9}
B C= {3,5,7}
A C= {2,3,5,7}
A B C= {3,5,7}

12. A
4 6
8 5
B C
1 9
2
7
3
5

13. Prepared by :
NOR RAIHAN MOHAMAD ASIMONI 0918044
NURUL ATIKAH MOHAMED 0918576