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Session 2 Lars Rundqvist.pdf
1) CleanSky aims to develop technologies to meet environmental challenges facing air transport, including reducing CO2, NOx, and noise emissions. 2) The program expects technologies entering service from 2015-2025 to reduce aircraft CO2 by 20-40%, NOx by 40%, and noise by 20 decibels. 3) CleanSky takes an integrated approach across seven years and 1.6 billion Euros, focusing demonstration projects on fixed-wing, rotorcraft, regional, and green aircraft systems to enable more fuel efficient and environmentally friendly air transport.
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Session 2 Lars Rundqvist.pdf
- 1. CleanSky - Systemsfor Green Operation Transportforum 8 jan 2009 Linköping
- 2. Challenges facing AirTransport Challenges facing Air Transport • Environment • Global warming is a world-wide recognised issue • Europe has fixed clear targets to reduce negative impact • Global demand for oil will continue to rise leading to extremely volatile prices • Carbon trading allowance or tax is likely to increase • Economy • Air Traffic is of significant importance for the enlarged European economy, global competitiveness, our way of living Aeronautics is a major factor in sustainable European economic growth 2 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 3. Vision 2020 Challenges– ACARE* Goals Vision 2020 Challenges – ACARE* Goals Vision 2020 (January 2001) • To meet Society’s needs • To achieve global leadership for Europe ACARE October 2002 : The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) 5 Challenges Air Transport Quality and Environment Safety System Efficiency Security Affordability CLEAN SKY October 2004 : The SRA 2 High level Target Concepts Very Low Ultra Green Customer Highly time- Ultra Secure 22nd Cost ATS ATS oriented ATS efficient ATS ATS Century • 80% cut in NOx emissions • Halving perceived aircraft noise • 50% cut in CO2 emissions per pass-Km by drastic fuel consumption reduction • A green design, manufacturing, maintenance and disposal product life cycle 3 *ACARE – Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe
- 4. What do weexpect “Clean Sky” to deliver? What do we expect “Clean Sky” to deliver? Products entering service between 2015-2025 • Aircraft CO2 reduction 20 – 40 % • Aircraft NOx reduction ~ 40 % • Aircraft Noise reduction ~ 20 dB This will lead to • Social benefits • European Aeronautics industry values • Economic benefits to the EU through, e.g. • CO2 savings (less cost of fuel, and less cost of CO2 impact) • Market opportunities, and added values, for primes and supply chain • R&D spill-over 4 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 5. From Challenges toSolutions From Challenges to Solutions Power plant Reduced fuel Loads & Flow Control consumption (CO2 & New Aircraft Configurations NOx reduction) Low weight Aircraft Energy Management Mission & Trajectory Management Power Plant External noise Mission & Trajectory Management reduction Configurations Rotorcraft Noise Reduction "Ecolonomic" life cycle Aircraft Life Cycle 5 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 6. From Solutions toDemonstrations From Solutions to Demonstrations Smart structures & New concepts & active control Innovative rotor & low-noise configurations engine integration Monitoring Consistency Synergy Low-noise & lightweight low-pressure systems Green design, manufacture, High efficiency low Nox cores All electrical aircraft technologies and systems maintenance, recycling for Thermal management Airframe & Systems Novel configurations Green trajectories management 6 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 7. Clean Sky: Anintegrated and comprehensive approach Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach TOTAL Budget: 1,6 B€ over 7 years Dassault Aviation & Vehicle ITD Fraunhofer Institute 116 M€ Eco-design Smart Fixed-Wing Green Regional Green For Airframe and Systems Aircraft Aircraft Rotorcraft Airbus Alenia Eurocopter & SAAB & EADS CASA & AgustaWestland 393 M€ 174 M€ 159 M€ Sustainable and Transverse ITD for all vehicles Green Engines Rolls-Royce & Safran Clean Sky Technology Evaluator 421 M€ 31 M€ Systems for Green Operations Liebherr & Thales 304 M€ 7 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 ITD: Integrated Technology Demonstrator Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 8. Clean Sky budgetallocation Clean Sky budget allocation • Total budget 1600 M€ maximum • EC contribution 800 M€ • ITD Leaders max 800 M€ (50% from EC) • AgustaWestland, Airbus, Alenia, Dassault Aviation, EADS- CASA, Eurocopter, Fraunhofer Institute, Liebherr, Rolls-Royce, Saab, Safran, Thales • Associates max 400 M€ (50% from EC) • DLR, EADS-IW, Galileo-Avionica, … • Clusters: GSAF, … • Partners, via Calls for Proposals 267-400 M€ (50-75% from EC) 8 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 9. SGO: How canaircraft systems contribute to environmental SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives? objectives? Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems Aircraft Equipment Systems 9 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 10. How can aircraftsystems contribute to environmental objectives? How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives? The Environment Choice of fuel Manufacture and disposal Operational Environment Flight operations and maintenance Aircraft Fuel Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems Pollution Aircraft Equipment Work Systems Heat Waste Noise CO2 and NOx Powerplant Work Other Chemicals Waste Minimize fuel required for aircraft operation Minimize waste Enable engine and aircraft flexibility 10 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 11. Systems enablers forACARE environmental goals Systems enablers for ACARE environmental goals Reduction in CO2 Reduction in other Reduction in and NOx pollutants noise System Design Electrical Systems Management of Energy Aerodynamic Design Management of Mission and Trajectory Smart Operations on Ground Manufacturing Materials Life Cycle Management Systems for Green Operations ITD Other ITDs 11 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 12. Myth: “More Electric”Aircraft is a new idea Myth: “More Electric” Aircraft is a new idea 1941: Fokke-Wulf 190-A • Electrically actuated and locked landing gear • Servo-motor actuators for flaps and tailplane • Electrically pitched propeller • Electrically fired cannon 12 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 13. From “More Electric”to “More More More Electric” From “More Electric” to “More More More Electric” 1952: Avro Vulcan 1964: Vickers VC-10 2007: Airbus A380 2008: Lockheed F-35 2009: Boeing 787 2010: AgustaWestland EH 101 upgrade 13 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 14. Management of AircraftEnergy Management of Aircraft Energy All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures • Objectives: • To facilitate the all-electric aircraft, which leads to new possibilities in reducing aircraft emissions through lower fuel consumption • Concepts: • Maturation of the collaborative modelling process used to construct and evaluate electrical architectures • Maturation of technologies in electrical power generation, distribution and usage • Maturation of thermal technologies and overall thermal management concepts • Validation of the architectural concepts to manage total energy, through flight testing and ground test 14 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 15. Management of AircraftEnergy Management of Aircraft Energy All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures • Means: • Removal of hydraulic fluids • Zero-emission fuel cells • Removal of engine bleed systems • Less total system weight • Total energy management • Examples: • Electro-hydrostatic actuators • Peak demands from one consumer can be compensated by reducing other demands 15 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 16. Management of AircraftEnergy Management of Aircraft Energy All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures • Aircraft functions to be addressed: • Primary power generation and distribution • Auxiliary and emergency energy/power generation and storage • Engine support • Cabin and aircraft pressurisation • Aircraft thermal management • Flight control • Ice and rain protection • Take-off, landing, taxiing and braking 16 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 17. Management of Trajectoryand Mission and relation Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation with the ATM and ATC with the ATM and ATC • ATM and ATC constraints and procedures impose flight profiles significantly different from the optimal: • Aircraft must fly through airways and waypoints • Aircraft must fly at imposed levels, with limited manoeuvring freedom between them • ATC Management of arriving aircraft at airports is made through instructions diverging from the fuel-optimum solution • There is an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption in flying / moving the aircraft in a more efficient way • This requires working together on procedures / ATC operations and aircraft capabilities • In Europe, the SESAR and Clean Sky programmes are launched in parallel, which creates a unique opportunity to perform the required leap-change 17 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 18. Management of Trajectoryand Mission: Objectives Management of Trajectory and Mission: Objectives • Trajectory & Mission Management Definition of “optimum” trajectories for approaches and climbs achieving the minimum environmental combined impact for noise and fuel Definition of new missions profiles, taking into account the atmospheric perturbations, and definition of new on-board systems / functions to enable the aircraft to fly them Assessment of different solutions to validate if they are compatible with SESAR results or guidelines, for 2013, 2020 and 2020+ Design the aircraft systems enabling to fly: • these optimised trajectories • the optimised missions, minimising environmental impact in any combination of environmental constraints 18 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 19. Management of Trajectoryand Mission Management of Trajectory and Mission • Smart Ground Operations • Objective : design aircraft systems to optimise use of engine power when aircraft on ground, for Silent and fuel-efficient taxiing capabilities • Use of the landing gear system as a motoring system on ground, so as to allow airplane engines during taxi, with the expected double benefit of reducing ground noise and reducing fuel burn 19 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 20. Management of Trajectoryand Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies enabling technologies (1/2) (1/2) • Flight Management: Implementation of optimised Arrival functions: Implementation of optimised Departures: NADP Green Cruise: continuous climb cruise, enhanced “continuous” descent approaches inherited from results in European collaborative research: OPTIMAL (1) Multi criteria trajectory optimization: • Cost index • Emissions: considering upcoming environmental taxes • Noise reduction • Time arrival Management of new Airplane aerodynamics / engines • Surveillance & Situation awareness Atmospheric conditions detection Improved weather radar algorithms Coupling of atmospheric sensors with the FMS: inherited from results in European collaborative research: FLYSAFE(1) (1) European funded Project, FP6: refer to : www.optimal.isdefe.es and www.eu-flysafe.org 20 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 21. Management of Trajectoryand Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies enabling technologies con’t (2/2) con’t (2/2) • Databases: new aircraft performances, navigation procedures, protected areas, atmospheric conditions, environmental parameters • Functions supporting gate to gate operations: towards pilot decision making • Based on Quasi-artificial technologies • Weather conditions updates and alternative flight path • List of parameters to be optimized during the flight and exchanged with ATM towards Airlines operations during the flight preparation phase: Optimization of flight plan during preparation phase (depending on fuel price, weather conditions, Aircraft configuration, ….) • Cockpit MMI to operate the new functions • Localisation / Navigation systems High level of maturity (TRL6), Compatible with SESAR procedures Environmentally friendly from Gate to Gate 21 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 22. From Solutions toDemonstrations: Technology Evaluator From Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology Evaluator Smart structures & New concepts & active control Innovative rotor & low-noise configurations engine integration Monitoring Consistency Synergy Low-noise & lightweight low-pressure systems Green design, manufacture, High efficiency low Nox cores All electrical aircraft technologies and systems maintenance, recycling for Thermal management Airframe & Systems Novel configurations Green trajectories management 22 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 23. TE : scope& methodology TE : scope & methodology SGO and TE respective scopes in Clean Sky Evaluation of the environmental impacts of inserted technologies is performed in the TE by comparing scenarios • Operations of Current technology aircraft fleet, vs • Operations of new fleet hypothesis, with Clean Sky Conceptual Aircraft insertion Technologies developed in the ITD SGO will be delivered to the ITD SFWA and integrated to the “Conceptual Aircraft” Assessment will be performed at the Aircraft level TE methodology The TE analyses Air Traffic operations and enables ITDs feedback at various levels : Single aircraft mission A to B (Mission level) SGO WP3.1 Models & tools Airport area (Operational level) Needs of common models Regional / World (Global level) 23 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 24. Technologies to bedemonstrated on aircraft (ground Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground and/or flight) and/or flight) • Management of Aircraft Energy • Ice Protection • Environmental Control System • Skin heat exchanger • Thermal functions • Electrical technologies • Multi-functional fuel cells • Management of Trajectory and Mission • Green functions (optimization) • Green FMS (supporting optimization functions) • External tractor for long taxi 24 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 25. Saab’s involvment inClean Sky Saab’s involvment in Clean Sky • Management of Aircraft Energy • Ice Protection • Thermal Management • Management of trajectory and mission • Mission and trajectory optimization • Modular and Shared Power Electronics 25 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB
- 26. Conclusions Conclusions • The Systems for Green Operations ITD is based on the following two concepts which will contribute to the goals of Clean Sky : • The Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE) • The Management of Mission and Trajectory (MTM) • The Clean Sky project will last for 7 years • Technology will mainly be inserted in new aircraft types • Some technology may be used for upgrading current aircraft • SESAR and Clean Sky will work together to define the future ATM system and procedures 26 Transportforum – 8 jan 2009 Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB