The document discusses four perspectives on learning in the workplace for older workers: 1) Participating perspective views learning as participating in communities of practice alongside other members. 2) Expanding perspective sees learning as the expansion of ideas and activities within cultural-historical systems through contradictions. 3) Emerging perspective considers learning as an emergent process within complex adaptive systems through non-linear interactions. 4) Desiring/fearing perspective examines how cultural fears and desires unconsciously shape how people learn and see themselves. All perspectives emphasize examining the entire work system, cognition as embodied, and critically analyzing workplace practices, values and the forces sustaining them.