Sensory receptors detect environmental stimuli and transduce them into nerve impulses. There are two main types of sensory receptors - free nerve endings and specialized receptor cells. Sensory receptors each respond to a specific modality or form of information, like temperature, pressure, or chemicals. While each type of receptor responds to a different stimulus modality, they all produce the same type of nerve impulse. The central nervous system perceives the different modalities as distinct due to the different pathways that each receptor type stimulates.

1. Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology: Sensory Receptors
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_170xgm
may be free dendritic endings of a sensory neuron, nerve endings
(dendrites) contained within connective tissues, or specialized
receptor cells that synapse with sensory neurons
sensory receptors
change environmental info into APs/nerve impulses transduce
each type of of receptor responds to a particular _______ modality
term meaning form of info modality
sensory receptors are specific for a given type of energy. but do
they all produce the same type nerve impulse?
yes
how are different modalities perceived as different in the CNS? they stimulate different pathways
what structure of nerves are free nerve endings, encapsulated
nerve endings, and sensory receptor nerve endings
bipolar
what type of nerve ending senses pressure encapsulated
sensory receptors can be what 2 types of endings free, specialized
what senses chemical stimuli, more changes in the concentration
of various chemicals
chemoreceptors
what detects changes in the concentration of chemicals int eh
internal environment such as co2, glucose, testosterone, etc
interoreceptors
what transduces light from the visible spectrum to action poten-
tials
photoreceptors
what responds to temperature changes thermoreceptors
what responds to deformation of their cell membrane (pressure) mechanoreceptors
what responds to intense stimuli caused by cell and tissue dam-
age by sending signals that are perceived as pain
nociceptors
what signals position info of body parts proprioceptors
what receptors are near an epithelial surface typically in the epi-
dermis or underlying dermal layers of the skin
cutaneous receptors
what receptors are found in muscles spindles of the skeletal
muscles of the golgi bodies of tendons
proprioreceptors
what receptors are associated with specific organs adapted to
respond to a particular type of energy
special sense organs
5 special senses are what hearing, equilibrium, sight, taste, olfaction
where are exteroreceptors located near surface of body
what special senses are exteroreceptors hearing, vision, smell, taste
what do interoreceptors do? monitor internal environment
are interoceptors under conscious control no (mostly)
what interoceptors are under conscious control pain, pressure
examples of proprioceptors muscle, tendon, joint and internal ear
sensory receptors can also be classified based on their response
to ______
stimuli
what responds at constant rate as long as a given stimulus is
applied (ex pain)
tonic receptors
what responds with initial burst of activity but quickly reduce firing
rate to a constant stimuli
phasic receptors
phasic receptors undergo ________. adaptation
another name for normal stimulus adequate stimulus
what requires the least amount of energy to activate its receptor adequate stimulus
what are sensory receptors equivalent of EPSPs generator potentials
what is produced in response to adequate stimulus generator potentials
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2. Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology: Sensory Receptors
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_170xgm
the stimulus of generator potentials results in what graded depolarizations of the cell
are generator potentials proportional to stimulus intensity yes
for generator potentials, after threshold is reached ________ is
proportional to amplitude
AP frequency
the generator potential adapts to a constant stimulus & quickly
diminishes in amplitude in what receptor
phasic
for tonic receptors, does the generator potential adapt to a con-
stant stimulus
no
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