This newsletter from Senology.org provides information on recent developments in breast cancer research and treatment. It includes summaries of 8 recent studies on topics such as the impact of digital mammography, the use of ultrasound to distinguish benign and malignant breast masses, and biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response and prognosis. It also announces upcoming conferences, and discusses the limited benefits of MRI screening for breast cancer patients. The newsletter aims to connect specialists around the world and share new research.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Senology.org Newsletter - December 6, 2011
1. Senology Newsletter http://www.senology.org/newsletter/Newsl_Dec2011.htm
Senology.org - Newsletter
International Senologic and Oncologic Scientific Community
"Connecting specialists worldwide"
Editor-in-Chief: Gian Paolo Andreoletti, MD
Subscribe Unsubscribe Contact Back Issues
Connecting Specialists Worldwide
Join us on LinkedIn, ResearchGate, Doctorsbook, Twitter, Facebook, Google Groups, YouTube, SlideShare,
Flickr, and share informations and opinions. Check out Senology.org Newspaper and follow our RSS feeds for
real-time updates
Literature Selection
Romero C et al.: "Impact on breast cancer diagnosis in a multidisciplinary unit after the
incorporation of mammography digitalization and computer-aided detection systems", AJR Am J
Roentgenol. 2011 Dec;197(6):1492-7
Cho N et al.: "Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Masses at Breast US: Combined US
Elastography and Color Doppler US--Influence on Radiologist Accuracy", Radiology. 2011 Nov 14.
[Epub ahead of print]
Sandri MT et al.: "Prognostic role of CA15.3 in 7942 patients with operable breast cancer", Breast
Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Amir E et al.: "Prospective Study Evaluating the Impact of Tissue Confirmation of Metastatic Disease
in Patients With Breast Cancer", J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Fasching PA et al.: "Ki67, chemotherapy response, and prognosis in breast cancer patients
receiving neoadjuvant treatment", BMC Cancer. 2011 Nov 14;11(1):486. [Epub ahead of print]
He X et al.: "Metformin and thiazolidinediones are associated with improved breast cancer-specific
survival of diabetic women with HER2+ breast cancer", Ann Oncol. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of
print]
Pellegrini I et al.: "Tailored chemotherapy based on tumour gene expression analysis: breast cancer
patients' misinterpretations and positive attitudes", Eur J Cancer Care 2011 Nov 9 [Epub ahead of
print]
Romano S et al.: "Serial measurements of NT-proBNP are predictive of not-high-dose anthracycline
cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients", Br J Cancer. 2011 Nov 8. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.439. [Epub
ahead of print]
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2. Senology Newsletter http://www.senology.org/newsletter/Newsl_Dec2011.htm
Wang J et al.: "Predictors of Nipple-Areolar Complex Involvement by Breast Carcinoma:
Histopathologic Analysis of 787 Consecutive Therapeutic Mastectomy Specimens", Ann Surg Oncol.
2011 Nov. [Epub ahead of print
Kesler SR et al.: "Prefrontal cortex and executive function impairments in primary breast cancer",
Arch Neurol. 2011 Nov;68(11):1447-53
Pemmaraju N et al.: "Retrospective review of male breast cancer patients: analysis of tamoxifen-
related side-effects", Ann Oncol. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Comment
"Intermediate mammograms increase the false-positive rate except in specific groups" - Nieves
Ascunce Elizaga, Navarra Breast Cancer Screening Programme, Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
""Intermediate mammograms (IM) in breast screening offer potential benefits but also disadvantages, like
false positives (FP) results. Although annual screening has not been shown to reduce more the mortality
than biennial screening, some studies have reported an increased detection rate, detection of smaller
tumours and a reduction in interval cancers. On the other hand, in the whole IMs increase the rate of FP.
However in the case of younger women undergoing their initial screen and those with risk factors (previous
invasive procedures, a family history of breast cancer or hormone replacement therapy use) the risk of a FP
result is significantly lower. In order to guarantee the quality of screening programmes, a better
characterization of the IM indications should be done, according to the presence of those maximising
benefits and minimising adverse effects"
(Comment on: Ascunce N et al.: "Impact of intermediate mammography assessment on the
likelihood of false-positive results in breast cancer screening programmes", Eur Radiol. 2011. [Epub
ahead of print])
Discussion
- Article in The Lancet: MRI of little benefit to women with breast cancer despite its increasing use. What
do you think? Share your opinion on LinkedIn®
Calendar of Events
The 2011 CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, December 6-10, 2011, San Antonio,
TX
The World Cancer Immunotherapy Conference, January 25-26, 2012, San Diego, CA
Fragments of History
William S Halsted (New York, 1852-1922), "The results of radical operations for the cure of carcinoma
of the breast", Ann Surg. July 1907:46(1):1-19: “Fortunately we no longer need the proof which our
figures so unmistakably give that the slightest delay is dangerous and that, other things being equal, the
prognosis is quite good in the early stage of breast cancer, two in three being cured, and bad, three in four
succumbing, when the axillary glands are demonstrably involved"
Literature Selection
Engels EA et al.: "Spectrum of cancer risk among US solid organ transplant recipients", JAMA. 2011
Nov 2;306(17):1891-901
Aune D et al.: "Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and
dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies", BMJ. 2011 Nov 10;343:d6617. doi:
10.1136/bmj.d6617
Meng Z et al.: "Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced
xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma", Cancer. 2011 Nov 9. doi:
10.1002/cncr.26550. [Epub ahead of print]
Chen QY et al.: "Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy vs Radiotherapy Alone in Stage II Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma: Phase III Randomized Trial", J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Castro MR et al.: "Predictors of malignancy in patients with cytologically suspicious thyroid
nodules", Thyroid. 2011 Nov;21(11):1191-8
Warde P et al.: "Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced
prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial", Lancet. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
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Azoulay L et al.: "Androgen-deprivation therapy and the risk of stroke in patients with prostate
cancer", Eur Urol. 2011 Dec;60(6):1244-50
Kim DY et al.: "Adjuvant Hepatic Arterial Infusional Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin
after Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Oncology. 2011 Nov 8;81(3-4):184-191. [Epub
ahead of print]
Aftab BT et al.: "Itraconazole inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer",
Cancer Res. 2011 Nov 1;71(21):6764-72
Dhar SU et al.: "Outcomes of integrating genetics in management of patients with retinoblastoma",
Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;129(11):1428-34
Literature Selection
Moorman PG et al.: "Effect of Hysterectomy With Ovarian Preservation on Ovarian Function", Obstet
Gynecol. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Imkampe AK et al.: "Correlation of Age at Oral Contraceptive Pill Start with Age at Breast Cancer
Diagnosis", Breast J. 2011 Nov 8. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01181.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Crandall CJ et al.: "Breast tenderness and breast cancer risk in the estrogen plus progestin and
estrogen-alone women's health initiative clinical trials", Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Nov 1. [Epub
ahead of print]
Senology.org collaborates with TalkAboutHealth.com - "Breast cancer questions, answers, and support". Follow the
Expert Q&A Workshops and join the conversation
Stay informed....
Recent Advances in Clinical Medicine
Dooley MA et al.: "Mycophenolate versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis", N
Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 17;365(20):1886-95
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