The document summarizes research on the effect of time delay between etching and adhesive bonding on lap-shear strength of aluminum alloys. It finds that etching significantly improves bond strength compared to non-etched aluminum. While the environmentally-friendly P2 etchant achieves similar bond strengths as the current FPL etchant, increased outlife times between etching and bonding generally result in lower shear strengths. Statistical analysis showed significant decreases in bond strength past 1 hour outlife for most alloys, though results were inconclusive for 2024 alloy due to data variability. Recommendations include using larger sample sizes, randomization, and controlling storage conditions.
I am studing in Diploma Mechanical Engineering.
I prepar this Presentation of Nuts and Bolts for my Maufacturing System Subject. So I share my presentation to all of you.
I am studing in Diploma Mechanical Engineering.
I prepar this Presentation of Nuts and Bolts for my Maufacturing System Subject. So I share my presentation to all of you.
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
Net shape forging process means producing a component with exact shape and dimension in one blow with no flash and gutter. i.e no need for post forging operations and increases the production rate.
Flange Bolts Australasia Brochure 2016 - A Division of WDS Groupfbabolt
Flange Bolts Australasia (FBA) is one of the most recognized names in specialised flanged hex products and 12 point fasteners. Before we enter 2017, here is a quick reminder of what makes Flange Bolts Australasia (FBA) different the all other flange products suppliers. For the 2017 brochure, keep a look out at fbabolt.com.au.
This presentation covers all the processes and sub-processes undergoing in the newly installed department in Tata Steel ,i.e., LD3 & TSCR.
This presentation deals with the all the problems faced by this department midway through the process, and mainly focussing on "Bleeding Breakout" problem in TSCR shop.
Also an attempt is made to improve the so-called problem by suggesting certain measures at the end.
Investment Casting Manufacturers Process - Turbo CastTurbo Cast
In this presentation describe about Complete Investment Casting Manufacturers Process and how it works. In this presentation include the formation of the wax injection, pattern removal, assembly, waxing etc...
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
Net shape forging process means producing a component with exact shape and dimension in one blow with no flash and gutter. i.e no need for post forging operations and increases the production rate.
Flange Bolts Australasia Brochure 2016 - A Division of WDS Groupfbabolt
Flange Bolts Australasia (FBA) is one of the most recognized names in specialised flanged hex products and 12 point fasteners. Before we enter 2017, here is a quick reminder of what makes Flange Bolts Australasia (FBA) different the all other flange products suppliers. For the 2017 brochure, keep a look out at fbabolt.com.au.
This presentation covers all the processes and sub-processes undergoing in the newly installed department in Tata Steel ,i.e., LD3 & TSCR.
This presentation deals with the all the problems faced by this department midway through the process, and mainly focussing on "Bleeding Breakout" problem in TSCR shop.
Also an attempt is made to improve the so-called problem by suggesting certain measures at the end.
Investment Casting Manufacturers Process - Turbo CastTurbo Cast
In this presentation describe about Complete Investment Casting Manufacturers Process and how it works. In this presentation include the formation of the wax injection, pattern removal, assembly, waxing etc...
Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A ReviewIJERA Editor
The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem
associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that
achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied
to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and
military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight
ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it
has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical
properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly
low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering
application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir
welding of aluminum have been directed towards improving the quality of weld, reducing defects and applying
the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys
and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the
most significant development in metal joining in a last decade. The FSW of Aluminums and its alloys has been
commercialized; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to
commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters
for FSW. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of this welding processes in the field of welding.
Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
A Review on Optimization of the Process Parameters in Friction Stir Welding o...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study is describing a simple and systematic methodology for optimizing the Process parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) of (AA6105 and AA6082) aluminium alloy using Taguchi technique. The main focus of this review paper is to discuss FSW principle, process parameter and mechanical properties. The current study focuses on the friction stir welding of wrought aluminium alloys 6082 and aluminium alloy 6105 that are commonly used in the structural and automotive industries. Apart from this paper FSW process has been done on various aluminium alloys but dissimilar friction stir welding of these two materials are not reported in their research. A systematic study has been performed on the joint properties on the dissimilar welding of the selected materials and their relationships between various parameters.
A Review Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coatingijtsrd
In our engineering system, friction, wear and tribology are not phenomena that most peoples are considering on daily basis. Wear tribological process occurs when two surfaces are in contact and both one are moving relative to each other. The cast iron is widely used in industrial sector. It have high rate of friction. To reduce the friction the various types of coating is analyzed as well as with lubrication the rate of wear decreases. Prof. Matin A. Shaikh | Prof. Ajij A. Shaikh | Prof. Mrs. G. V. Patil ""A Review: Tribological analysis of Cast Iron by Advanced Coating"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29871.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29871/a-review-tribological-analysis-of-cast-iron-by-advanced-coating/prof-matin-a-shaikh
Use of cutting fluids in machining processes can reduce the cutting temperature and provides lubrication to tool and work piece. These translate to longer tool life and improved surface quality. Metalworking fluids are a major cause of health hazards for operators apart from being sources of environmental pollution thus necessitating research in dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. The introduction of coolant techniques such as near-dry machining so called minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic coolant have shown promising performances especially in terms of cutting tool life. Nowadays, MQL is widely used in machining performances.
IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
SeniorProject.Raytheon
1. Page 105/12/2015
.
Customer Success Is Our Mission is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
Effect of Time Delay Between Etching and Adhesive
Bonding on Lap-Shear Strength of Aluminum Alloys
Using Environmentally-Friendly P2 Etch
Matt Erich
Gokul Nair
Josh Barkhimer
Advisor: Prof. Kathy Chen
Sponsor: Steve Tunick
2. Page 2
Outlife is a critical factor when manufacturing processes use
etching and adhesive bonding
How long can etched aluminum be left out before
final bond strength is significantly reduced?
Outlife (Hours)
ShearStress(ksi)
?
2024-T3
6061-T6
7075-T6
Alloys
Alloy
Adhesive Bond
3. Page 3
Adhesive bonding is used as an alternative joining process in
multiple applications
Saves weight
Reduces stress concentrations
Avoids warping due to heat
Image Credit: http://www.sapagroup.com/upload/Sapa_Bonding_Aluminum.pdf
Tension
Spectrometry
4. Page 4
Creates an activated, porous oxide
film on the metal surface
Improves epoxy infiltration &
adhesion
May bind contaminants that
reduce final bond strength
Applying an etchant modifies the aluminum surface to improve
adhesive bond strength
"Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding", Second Edition, Wegman
and Van
Twisk, 2013 Chapter 2
6. Page 6
Dry and
cure
Rinse etchant off and begin outlife
Degrease and scrub
Apply etchant
End outlife by applying adhesive
Single-lap shear specimens were prepared according to a
strict protocol (ASTM D1002)
7.75”
0.5”
.010” thick
7. Page 7
ASTM D1002 uses a tensile test setup
to find bond shear strength
Observed peeling & debonding
failure modes
1.00 in
0.50 in
The lap joints were pulled until the adhesive bond failed
Peeling Debonding
13. Page 13
All three alloys experienced an overall decrease in bond
strength as outlife time was increased
14. Page 14
Summary
The etching process significantly improves bond strength
The P2 paste etchant has potential as a more environmentally-friendly
replacement for the current FPL paste
Increased outlife times generally result in lower shear strengths
ANOVA showed statistically significant changes past 1 hour outlife. Could not,
however, show significance for 2024 specimens due to wide scatter.
15. Page 15
Recommendations
Use larger sample sizes
Randomize samples
Store coupons in a desiccator during outlife times
Prepare samples in temperature and humidity-controlled
environment
16. Page 16
Summary
The etching process significantly improves bond strength
P2 etching reaches approximately same shear stresses as FPL
etching
Increased outlife times generally result in lower shear strengths
ANOVA showed statistically significant changes past 1 hour outlife. Could not,
however, show significance for 2024 specimens due to wide scatter.
Editor's Notes
May 11, 2015
Bond strength is influenced by environment, pretreatment, adhesive type, and joint design. Joints must be designed so that applied loads are transmitted as shear forces
Insert and label photographs of the two failure modes
Peel
Adhesive pull-off