VECALLOY 752 is an iron-based alloy designed for aggressive environments involving impact, abrasion, and erosion. It grows extremely hard tungsten boride particles throughout the weld bead that provide wear resistance similar to WC-Ni overlays at a lower cost. The small particle size also provides much higher impact resistance than other hardfacing products. It can be deposited using MIG welding at a lower cost and higher productivity compared to WC-Ni PTA coatings.
Alternativas de controle cultural e biologicoGeagra UFG
Visando um dos maiores empates na agricultura que seria a resistência de pragas e patógenos, geradas a partir do uso exclusivo do controle químico ,venho lhes apresentar as principais alternativas de controle cultural e biológico para que seja realizado um manejo integrado, buscando assim ter custos diluídos e um manejo eficiente de resistência, por exemplo.
Aprende a crear informes SEO que te permitan alcanzar el éxito siguiendo 3 principios para elegir KPIs relevantes, presentar tus datos de forma clara y efectiva y aprovechar principios de narración de los datos para generar el impacto que deseas para alcanzar los objetivos establecidos en el proceso.
Alternativas de controle cultural e biologicoGeagra UFG
Visando um dos maiores empates na agricultura que seria a resistência de pragas e patógenos, geradas a partir do uso exclusivo do controle químico ,venho lhes apresentar as principais alternativas de controle cultural e biológico para que seja realizado um manejo integrado, buscando assim ter custos diluídos e um manejo eficiente de resistência, por exemplo.
Aprende a crear informes SEO que te permitan alcanzar el éxito siguiendo 3 principios para elegir KPIs relevantes, presentar tus datos de forma clara y efectiva y aprovechar principios de narración de los datos para generar el impacto que deseas para alcanzar los objetivos establecidos en el proceso.
An AIA-Approved distance-education course in the understanding and and use of high-performance fasteners in construction. It includes detailed information on hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-assisted stress corrosion cracking (HASCC), bi-metallic and selectively hardened fasteners, corrosion resistance coatings, and related topics.
Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A ReviewIJERA Editor
The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem
associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that
achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied
to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and
military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight
ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it
has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical
properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly
low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering
application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir
welding of aluminum have been directed towards improving the quality of weld, reducing defects and applying
the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys
and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the
most significant development in metal joining in a last decade. The FSW of Aluminums and its alloys has been
commercialized; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to
commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters
for FSW. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of this welding processes in the field of welding.
Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
Discover new optimized solutions to change the way you work with wire rope! This hands-on presentation will examine the types of wire rope and how each interacts with sheaves and crane blocks. Mr. Eertman will introduce you to wire rope behavior causing cabling or block rotation. He will also discuss the latest advancements and studies on sheave - wire rope interaction that supports Feyrer’s formula to improve longevity and performance.
Speaker: Joost Eertman, Technical Director, Ropeblock B.V.
Goel Scientific General information and introductionGoel Scientific
Borosilicate glass represents unmatched standardized glass for construction of plant
and piping in the chemical, dyestuff, food pharmaceutical, petrochemical industries. Its
steadily growing use is due to many advantages over conventional materials.
Welding processes have become increasingly important in almost all manufacturing industries and for structural application. Although a large number of techniques are available for welding in atmosphere, many of these techniques cannot be applied in offshore and marine application where presence of water is of major concern. In this regard, it is relevant to note that a great majority of offshore repairing and surfacing work is carried out at a relatively shallow depth, in the region intermittently covered by the water known as the splash zone. Though numerically, most ship repair and welding jobs are carried out at a shallow depth, the most technologically challenging task is repair at greater depths, especially in pipelines and repair of accidental failure. The advantages of underwater welding are largely of an economic nature, because underwater-welding for marine maintenance and repair jobs by passes the need to pull the structure out of the sea and saves valuable time and dry docking costs. It is also an important technique for emergency repairs which allow the damaged structure to be safely transported to dry facilities for permanent repair or scrapping. Underwater welding is applied in both inland and offshore environments, though seasonal weather inhibits offshore underwater welding during winter. In either location, surface supplied air is the most common diving method for underwater welders. Underwater welding is an important tool for underwater fabrication works.
Underwater hyperbaric welding was invented by the Russian metallurgist Konstantin Khrenov in 1932.
Hyperbaric welding is the process of welding at elevated pressures, normally underwater. Hyperbaric welding can either take place wet in the water itself or dry inside a specially constructed positive pressure enclosure and hence a dry environment. It is predominantly referred to as "hyperbaric welding" when used in a dry environment, and "underwater welding" when in a wet environment. The applications of hyperbaric welding are diverse—it is often used to repair ships, offshore oil platforms, and pipelines. Steel is the most common material welded.
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Similar to Vecalloy 752 - Polymet Technical Datasheet
An AIA-Approved distance-education course in the understanding and and use of high-performance fasteners in construction. It includes detailed information on hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen-assisted stress corrosion cracking (HASCC), bi-metallic and selectively hardened fasteners, corrosion resistance coatings, and related topics.
Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A ReviewIJERA Editor
The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem
associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that
achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied
to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and
military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight
ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it
has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical
properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly
low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering
application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir
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the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient,
environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys
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commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters
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Discover new optimized solutions to change the way you work with wire rope! This hands-on presentation will examine the types of wire rope and how each interacts with sheaves and crane blocks. Mr. Eertman will introduce you to wire rope behavior causing cabling or block rotation. He will also discuss the latest advancements and studies on sheave - wire rope interaction that supports Feyrer’s formula to improve longevity and performance.
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Goel Scientific General information and introductionGoel Scientific
Borosilicate glass represents unmatched standardized glass for construction of plant
and piping in the chemical, dyestuff, food pharmaceutical, petrochemical industries. Its
steadily growing use is due to many advantages over conventional materials.
Welding processes have become increasingly important in almost all manufacturing industries and for structural application. Although a large number of techniques are available for welding in atmosphere, many of these techniques cannot be applied in offshore and marine application where presence of water is of major concern. In this regard, it is relevant to note that a great majority of offshore repairing and surfacing work is carried out at a relatively shallow depth, in the region intermittently covered by the water known as the splash zone. Though numerically, most ship repair and welding jobs are carried out at a shallow depth, the most technologically challenging task is repair at greater depths, especially in pipelines and repair of accidental failure. The advantages of underwater welding are largely of an economic nature, because underwater-welding for marine maintenance and repair jobs by passes the need to pull the structure out of the sea and saves valuable time and dry docking costs. It is also an important technique for emergency repairs which allow the damaged structure to be safely transported to dry facilities for permanent repair or scrapping. Underwater welding is applied in both inland and offshore environments, though seasonal weather inhibits offshore underwater welding during winter. In either location, surface supplied air is the most common diving method for underwater welders. Underwater welding is an important tool for underwater fabrication works.
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Similar to Vecalloy 752 - Polymet Technical Datasheet (20)
1. VECALLOY 752 has been specifically designed to perform in ag-
gressive environments where impact, abrasive wear, and ero-
sive wsear are factors. VECALLOY 752 is an iron-based alloy
which grows extremely hard, near spherical, tungsten boride
particles throughout the entire weld bead thickness. In terms of
wear resistance, the high density of tungsten boride particles
enable performance on a level similar to WC-Ni overlays at a
lower price point. Further, the small scale of a tungsten boride
particles provides enhanced impact resistance, 4-30X that of
conventional hardfacing products, including WC-based, CCO
(chrome carbide overlays), and nanostructure forming steels.
DESIGN APPROACH
The design process for VECALLOY 752 involves a proprietary high throughput computational metallurgical process to evalu-
ate millions of candidates alloy compositions. Potential candidates are evaluated using advanced screening processes al-
lowing for thorough and rapid development of materials.
VECALLOY 752
Technical Datasheet
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
VECALLOY 752 PERFORMANCE
Overlay Properties
Hardness 66-70 HRC
ASTM G65A: 0.06-0.08 grams lost (low stress abrasion
Coefficient of Friction <0.09
(ASTM G77 in Mineral Oil)
Impact Resistance: >6,000 20J Impacts
to Failure
Hard Boride/Carbide Fraction: >50%
10073 Commerce Park Drive. Cincinnati, OH 45246 / Phone: 513-847-3586 / Fax: 513-847-2880
E-Mail: sales@polymet.us
Vecalloy 752
at
1,000X
~2600HV Complex Tungsten
Boride Particles, Harder than
Tungsten Carbide
VECALLOY 752 FORMS A MICROSTRUCTURE SIMILAR TO WC/Ni BUT AT A FINER SCALE
VECALLOY 752 is the first hardfacing alloy which pairs the toughness required for high impact applications while competing with
the most wear resistant coatings available. VECALLOY 752 forms a microstructure which looks similar to WC/Ni PTA, W-based
hard particles immersed in a matrix. It is the only hardfacing alloy which possesses this type of microstructure while simultane-
ously avoiding the long needle-like particles known to cause problematic embrittlement in chromium carbide overlays and many
nanostructured steel alloys.
2. VECALLOY 752
Technical Datasheet
752
WHY VECALLOY 752 OUTPERFORMS WC-NI PTA
2. Fine-Scale Microstructure: WC PTA coatings typically use carbide particles on the order of 50 to 200 microns in
size. Notice how large carbides can be seen in the WC PTA micrograph, but at 500X the hard-phases in 752 are
very small. Unlike typical WC PTA applications, the carbides and borides in VECALLOY 752 are thermodynamically
grown in the liquid alloy and thus are always consistent in size, shape, and distribution. This fine scale microstruc-
ture has many beneficial effects such as preventing small sand particles from attacking the matrix directly, and
distributing thermal stresses more evenly upon cooling. However, perhaps the most important benefit of the 752
microstructure is the ability to withstand impact and high stresses. Almost every application which is commonly
understood to be an abrasive environment is also an environment containing high stress and significant levels of
impact.
Carbide
Crack
WC PTA
at
25X
Carbide
Depleted
WC PTA
at
500 X
VECALLOY
752 at
500 X
1. Homogeneity: Unlike a PTA coating which effectively involves depositing two separate materials simultaneously, a
Ni matrix and WC particles, VECALLOY 752 is deposited as a single alloy which naturally grows a network of carbide
and boride fine-scale precipitates. Whereas WC may sink or float in a molten weld pool resulting in a varied perfor-
mance through the thickness of the weld, the VECALLOY 752 carbide and boride network are thermodynamically driv-
en to precipitate at equal concentrations throughout the weld thickness. Notice in the micrographs below how the
WC particles are clumped together in some areas of the weld and some sections are free of WC particles in the WC-Ni
PTA coating. Whereas, the carbide spacing is thermodynamically driven to a very precise spacing in the VECALLOY 752
weld.
WHY VECALLOY 752 OUTPERFORMS WC-NI PTA AND CHROMIUM CARBIDE
Many people are surprised to see that despite VECALLOY 752’s nearly equal wear resistance compared to WC PTA coatings,
VECALLOY 752 significantly outlasts WC PTA in actual application. The answer lies in the revolutionary improvement in im-
pact resistance. Notice large cracks (highlighted by white arrows) running through the microstructure of the 25X WC PTA
coating. While WC PTA is well known as the standard for abrasion resistance under ASTM G65 testing, relatively low levels of
impact can generate cracks and significant levels of material loss. As shown in the diagram below, when subjected to repeat-
ed 20J impacts, VECALLOY 752 lasts 4x as long as the most impact resistant chrome carbide and 30X as long as WC/Ni PTA.
How can we define the level of impact that one should pay attention to? This particular impact test is standardized to 20J of
impact energy, - the amount of energy developed by dropping a 2kg rock a distance of 1m. It stands to reason that many
more applications should consider the use of coating solutions with better impact resistance.
3. VECALLOY 752 COST, PROCESS, AND PRODUCTIVITY ADVANTAGES
VECALLOY 752 deliver WC/Ni PTA performance with the cost and productivity advantages of
iron based alloys and MIG (GMAW) welding.
The material properties of VECALLOY 752 allow for unique advantages in cost and productivity that expand the use of extremely
abrasion resistant materials into wider markets .VECALLOY 752 is an iron based alloy resulting in significant material cost savings
compared to WC-Ni products. Further, MIG welded VECALLOY 752 has a ~99% deposit efficiency while WC/Ni PTA has a 70% de-
posit efficiency. This means that 1.4kg of WC/Ni must be purchased for every 1kg deposited.
VECALLOY 752, because it is iron based, has a lower density than WC/Ni this results in further cost savings. Consider the manufac-
turing of a 12” X 12” (300mm X 300mm) wear plate with a 1/4” (6mm) overlay. In production this plate would require half the
amount of material by weight when using VECALLOY 752 as opposed to WC PTA. This immediately results in significant cost sav-
ings, in addition to significantly reducing the weight of the component.
Unlike WC/Ni, which is typically deposited using PTA because MIG results in a non-uniform structure and poor performance, VE-
CALLOY 752 has no loss in performance when MIG welded. This allows MIG equipment and processes to be used instead of PTA.
MIG equipment avoids the frequent powder clogging of PTA process and is cheaper to purchase, maintain, and run.
In addition to direct material cost, VECALLOY 752 can be deposited with far higher productivity than WC/Ni PTA. For example,
WC/Ni PTA is typically deposited at a rate of 11 in2
/hr. VECALLOY 752 is typically deposited at a rate of 40 in3
/hr, almost 4
times as fast!
VECALLOY 752
Technical Datasheet
4. SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS
VECALLOY 752 coatings are suggested for use in any application where wear resistance is required. The revolutionary im-
provement in impact resistance and toughness will typically result in an extended lifetime over WC PTA and Chromium Car-
bide coatings. Specific applications include:
Shaker Screens
Grade Blades and other Ground Engaging Tools
Chute Blocks
Pipe I.D.
Wear Plate
Mill Liners
Slurry Pipe
Shovel Wear Packages
Other Mining Applications
HOW TO USE VECALLOY 752
VECALLOY 752 is currently available in 1/16” metal cored wire. Additional welding diameters are available upon request. The
suggested welding parameters and expected results are provided based on the following pages.
For application specific guidance on proper welding procedures please contact: sales@polymet.us
Wire Diameter 1/16 in (1.6 mm)
Current DCEP
Desired Weld Thickness 6—8 mm
Voltage 28—30
Amperage 250—280
Shielding Gas Ar 100%, Ar 98%/O2 2%
Stickout 1 in (25 mm)
Preheat 300—400 F (150—200C)
Torch Drag Angle 5 - 15°
Travel Speed 3—5 in/min
Expected Hardness 65—70 HRC
Expected ASTM G65 mass loss 0.06—0.08 g
VECALLOY 752 1/16 INCH GMAW WELDING PARAMETERS
VECALLOY 752
Technical Datasheet