This document discusses semisolid dosage forms in Ayurveda and modern medicine. [1] It defines semisolids as materials that retain shape when not confined but can deform or flow under pressure. [2] It describes various internal and external Ayurvedic semisolid forms like Rasakriya, Leha, and Lepa and their standard production procedures. [3] It also examines modern semisolid forms like ointments, pastes, and gels used externally and how rheology governs their consistency.

1. Semisolid Dosage forms.
fo ms
By
Prof. Dr. V. A. Dole.
Joint Director
Centre For Postgraduate studies & Research.
H. O. D. Rasashastra
Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Pune 411011,
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2. Specific Learning objective
 General meaning.
 Definitions of Liquid & Semisolid.
 Different Semisolid dosage forms
forms.
 Development.
 S O P s, end points tests etc.
S. O. d i t t t t
 Semi solid dosage form for external
applications
ppli tion
 Modern semisolid dosage forms.
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3. General meaning & Definition.
Definition
 Dosage form means specific form in which a
drug is used.
 Drugs which are not solid or liquid can be
g q
called as semisolid.
 Material that could be poured & that flows &
has no ability to retain any shape when not
confined –Liquid.
 M t i l that retain shape when not confined
Material th t t i h h t fi d
but deforms or flows when external force is
applied- semisolid
applied-is semisolid.
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4. Available semisolid forms.
forms
 Two basic types
types.
 1 For internal use.
2F
2.For external application.
t l li ti
 Examples.
 1-Rasakriya,Leha, Avaleha, Prash, Paka,
Avaleha, Prash, Paka,
Khand.
Khand.
 2-Lepa, Malahara, Upanah.
Malahara, Upanah.
 ?Ghruta.
Ghruta.
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5. Definitions & N
D fi iti Nomenclature
l t
 Definition of Leha, Avaleha, & Rasakriya is
Leha, Avaleha,
same & given in one verse.
 Practically presence of sugar or jagary &
consistency of finished product form base
of the nomenclature.
nomenclature
 No hard and fast rule.
 Examples.
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6. Development.
Development
 Need to invent new dosage forms
forms.
 Short shelf life.
 Diffi lt in consumption.
Difficulty i ti
 Taste, dose etc.
 Causative factors for short shelf life-
life-
 Moisture,Microbes,Herbal contents
Moisture Microbes Herbal
 How objectives could be achieved ?
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7. The standard operating procedure
Rasakriya.
Rasakriya.
ki
 Aim is to form such a drug which has
longer shelf life & is consumed by licking.
 Water content is reduced by heating
decoction till desired consistency is
obtained
obtained.
 In some traditions powder form is
obtained and used.
bt i d d d
 Should be stored in air tight container.
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8. S.O.P.s
S O P s Of Leha,etc.
Leha,etc
Leha etc.
 Reheating of decoction, addition of sugar
or jagary and mixing herbal powders.
powders
 Heating expressed juice, addition of sugar
and herbal powders.
powders
 Heating fruit pulp, addition of sugar and
herbal powders.
 Heating after addition of sugar/ jagary for
specific time decides desired consistency.
 Examples.
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9. End points, Tests etc.
points etc
 These are facts which indicate good
quality of the product.
 End points are to be observed during
production.
T t t d t
Tests to determine good quality are
i d lit
performed on finished product.
 Examples.
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10. Laboratory tests
tests.
 Viscosity.
Viscosity
 Sugar
S
 Presence of Microbes.
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11. Semisolid dosage forms for external
applications-- Lepa
applications--
li i
1 Main constituent is ground in a suitable
medium or fine powder is thoroughly
mixed
2 Water, Cows’ urine, Decoctions, juices
etc are used as media
etc.are media.
3 Action enhances during drying.
4 Not applied over open wounds.
5 Cold or hot, Pradeha or p
, pralepa.
pralepa.
p
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12. Malahara
 Two main constituents.
constituents
 Base and very fine powder.
 Oil Ghee, Butter, wax, or th i
Oil, Gh B tt their
combinations can be used as base.
 Powder is intimately mixed.drug applied
over wounds and bandaged.
 Oil or Ghee help in spreading the drug.
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13. Upanaha.
Upanaha.
 Meant for local fomentation.
fomentation
 Flour of Wheat etc, drug like Turmeric
powder,
powder oil and water are boiled together
to form semisolid dough. Kept over a
suitably thick cloth, bandaged over spot.
cloth spot
 Action lasts till temperature is maintained..
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14. Common entities.
entities
 Modes of action are transcutanious
transcutanious.
 Oil/ Ghee play important role.
 Li it d indications presently.
Limited i di ti tl
 Can modern techniques help in
standardization?
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15. Semisolid Dosage forms used in
Modern Medicine.
d di i
 Most are for external application like
ointment, liniment, paste gel creams etc.
 Dosage form akin to Avaleha is confection
confection.
 Tonics of past were in this form.
 Science Governing their consistencies is
called Rheology.
Rheology.
 Study of flow or deformation of semisolids
under stress.
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16. Ointment.
Ointment
 Fluid hydrocarbons meshed in matrix of
higher melting solid hydrocarbons.
 Prepared by melting the compounds
togather.
togather.
 Abilit to cling to the surface of application
Ability t li t th f f li ti
for reasonable duration before washed out
or worn out.t
 Siktha taila is ointment as per this
definition.
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17. Pastes and creams etc
etc.
 Pastes are type of ointment containing
high percentage of insoluble materials.
 They form a barrier of protective nature
nature.
 Creams are semisolid emulsions with
opaque appearance.
 Gels are liquid states constrained inside
the three dimensional polymeric
compounds.
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18. Modes of actions
 Per cutanious absorption through folicular
way and by diffusion.
 Physico-chemical properties of the
Physico-
constituents
 Th ‘ Vyavayi ’
The V i ’property ofoils or Gh
t f il Ghee
 Condition of the skin.
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19. Conclusions
 Different semisolid dosage forms for internal
as well as external uses were studied with
their developments and s.o p.s ,end points
tests etc.
 Semisolid dosage forms from Modern
Medicine were seen with their scientific base.
 Can principles of Rheology be applied for
Ayurvedic semisolid dosage forms?
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20. Thank you!!
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