This document summarizes a study investigating the association between the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism rs2070744 and risk of gastric cancer in the South Indian population. The study compared 150 gastric cancer patients to 150 healthy controls. Results found that individuals with the C/C genotype had a 10% increased risk of gastric cancer compared to the T/T genotype. Risk was further increased among those who smoked, drank alcohol, or were infected with H. pylori bacteria. The study concludes that the eNOS gene polymorphism may influence gastric cancer risk in the South Indian population.

2. ESTUDIANTES:
CATALINA ÁNGEL LÓPEZ
SUSANA BAENA GARCIA
PROFESORA:
LINA MARTINEZ

3. INTRODUCTION

4. CANCER
•Also known as a malignant tumor or malignant
neoplasm, is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
•Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do
not spread to other parts of the body.

5. ADENOCARCINOMA
•Is a type of cancer
tumor that can occur
in several parts of
the body. It is
defined as neoplasia
of epithelial tissue
that has glandular
origin.

6. GASTRIC CANCER
•Also know as stomach cancer
•Is the accumulation of malignant cells that form a tumour in
any part of them.
•Gastric cancer in most cases is adenocarcinoma.
•The 90% of tumors are malignant.
•Is a multifactorial disorder resulting from:
various genetic
epigenetic predisposition and
environmental risk factor.

7. •Gastric Cancer causes
approximately 800.000
deaths per year.
•A recent study from Tata
Memorial Centre on
cancer mortality in India
said that GC in the second
largest cause of cancer
related deaths among
Indians.

8. NITRIC OXIDE (NO)
Is a vasoactive
substance
Increase the blood
flow
Increase the oxigen
in different organs
Acting as a signaling
molecule in various
inflammatory diseases
and cancers

9. Produce from
L-arginine by the
enzyme NOS (nitric
oxide synthase)
Hydrophobic
Highly diffusive
Small pleiotropic free
radical

10. NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (NOS)
Are a family of enzymes catalyzing the
production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-
arginine.
In mammals, the endothelial isoform is the
primary signal generator in the control of
vascular tone, insulin secretion
Are four isoforms iNOS, nNOS, eNOS,
mNOS

11. rs2070744 due to
transition of a thymine
to a cytosine at -786 in
the promoter region of
eNOS was found to
reduce the rate of
mRNA transcription by
50%
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE
POLYMORPHISM (SNP)
Decreased serum NO levels
which can inhibit apoptosis
or stimulate tumour
proliferation, angiogenesis
and
metastasis

12. The -786 T> C promoter polymorphism
has been reported to play very
important role in various cardiovascular
diseases, hypertension and diabetic
neuropathy

13. RELATION

14. A single nucleotide
polymorphism (T > C)
rs2070744
Due to transition of a
thymine to a cytosine at
-786 in the promoter
region of eNOS
Reduce the rate of
mRNA transcription by
50%
Resulting in decreased
serum NO levels
Can inhibit apoptosis or
stimulate tumour
proliferation,
angiogenesis and
metastasis
CANCER

15. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
.
Investigate the association
between the eNOS
(-786 T > C) promoter
polymorphism rs2070744
and the risk of GC in south
Indian population

16. MATERIALES Y
MÉTODOS

17. •GRUPO DE ESTUDIO
150 pacientes con cáncer gástrico confirmado
hace más de tres años
150 personas sanas de control
La información como edad, sexo, hábitos,
consanguinidad se obtuvo con un
consentimiento informado por todos los
pacientes y un estructurado cuestionario para el
grupo control

18. •La infectividad de la
H. pylori se recogió
con biopsias antrales
de los pacientes por
examen de ureasa
•La parte ética fue
aprobada y revisada
por el Comité Ético
Del Instituto
•Se recogieron 5 ml de
sangre de los
paciente y grupo
control

19. AISLAMIENTO DE DNA
1. Se obtiene el cultivo de células transformadas
2. Lisis celular
3. Precipitación de proteínas
4. Purificación del ADN

20. REACCION DE CADENA DE
POLIMERASAN (PCR)
Kary Mullis y su equipo
•Aumenta un segmento específico
de ADN usando polimerasa una
enzima que puede sintetizar,
reparar y extender o cortar ADN,
para obtener muchas copias

21. •Involucra 2 primers que inician la
secuencia que se unen al ADN ya
separado, permitiendo que se
dupliquen copias

22. ELECTROFORESIS
• Se refiere a la migración de proteínas o partículas cargadas
en un medio líquido, bajo la influencia de un campo
eléctrico.
• La electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (SDS PAGE)
involucra geles que pueden variar en composición y tamaño
del poro

23. RESULTADOS

25. No hay diferencia significativa ente los casos y control
relacionado con edad y género

26. • Cuando los genotipos T/T y C/C fueron comparados hubo
un incremento en el riesgo de cancer gastrico de 10% en
individuos con genotipo C/C

27. Individuos
fumadores
11% de riesgo
incrementado
fumadores
Individuos
alcoholicos
7% de riesgo
incrementado
alcoholismoIndividuos con genotipo T/C
y C/C muestran incremento
en el riesgo de GC.
No muestran aumento de
riesgo con el genotipo T/T

28. •Individuos con infeccion por H. pylori mostraron un
riesgo mayor de 7.6 % para CG.
•Todos los paciente con genotipo C/C mostraron
relación entre infección por H. pylori y CG.

29. DISCUSION

30. • Paradossi et al
(2004)
• Revealed no
significant
association of T
> C promoter
polymorphism
with
atherosclerosis
in Italian
population

31. • Khaki-Khatibi
et al. (2013)
• An association
of C allele and
C/C genotype
with coronary
artery disease
(CAD) was
demonstrated
in the Iranian
population

32. • Lu et al(2006)
• Non-Hispanic
white women
exhibited a
significant
association of
T > C promoter
polymorphism
with sporadic
breast cancer.

33. • Jang et al[25]
(2013)
• South Korean
population
highlighted that
TC+CC genotype of
the -786T > C
polymorphism was
significantly
associated with an
increased risk of
colorectal cancer.

34. CONCLUSION
• It is a clear study in which
control groups and patients
were carefully selected from
all of india , to have for a
homogeneous population and
not have mismatches due to
place of residence age and sex
, which is shown in the results
since there was no significant
difference in age and sex
• Here were factors that were
more important than others
when it comes to carrying out
a study , as habits of smoking
and drinking and gastric
infections increased risk of
gastric cancer , which helps
demonstrate the toxic effects
of these substances and
infection severity of H. pylori

35. • Most studies that relate to the
subject seen in this article refers
to an association of -786T > C
gene regarding serious diseases.
So I think that this study
contributes to the investigation
of the influence of
polymorphisms in the
development of certain cancers
•It is not yet clear the
mechanism of action of NO
in the development of gastric
cancer so it is necessary to
continue studies to get a
clearer explanation of the
influence of NOS

38. GRACIAS
THANK YOU