A semantic field refers to a set of words grouped by similar meanings that relate to a specific subject. It is a collection of related words used to describe a particular domain or topic. There are two main types of semantic fields - ordered fields, where the words are arranged in a specific sequence, and unordered fields with no fixed ordering. Semantic fields help build emotion in literature by providing subtle contextual cues. While a lexical field refers to the structure of words in a language, a semantic field focuses on the underlying meanings expressed by those words.