This document discusses the behavior of ductile special beams. It defines ductility as the ability of steel to undergo significant inelastic deformations before failure. Ductility depends on the material and cross-sectional characteristics. Requirements for reinforcement ratios, lap splices, transverse reinforcement spacing aim to ensure high ductility in all critical sections of beams. Shear forces for design are calculated based on factored gravity loads and resisting moments in the element, considering the earthquake direction.
All reinforced concrete beams crack, generally starting at loads well below service level, and possibly even prior to loading due to restrained shrinkage. Flexural cracking due to loads is not only inevitable, but actually necessary for the reinforcement to be used effectively. Prior to the formation of flexural cracks, the steel stress is no more than n times the stress in the adjacent concrete, where n is the modular ratio E5/Ec. For materials common in current practice, n is approximately 8.
All reinforced concrete beams crack, generally starting at loads well below service level, and possibly even prior to loading due to restrained shrinkage. Flexural cracking due to loads is not only inevitable, but actually necessary for the reinforcement to be used effectively. Prior to the formation of flexural cracks, the steel stress is no more than n times the stress in the adjacent concrete, where n is the modular ratio E5/Ec. For materials common in current practice, n is approximately 8.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced BeamSHAZEBALIKHAN1
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
Peer review presentation for the strut and tie method as an analysis and design approach for the mat on piles foundations of the primary separation cell (vessel).
Cross Section Analysis And Design is a powerful application that can perform a wide range of cross section calculations, including the design of reinforced concrete sections. The given cross sections are built up of one or more geometric entities and can be drawn directly using the versatile featured user interface. The user can also import standard steel sections from a complete shape library according to all major codes (AISC, Australian-New Zealand, BS, Chinese, European, Indian, Aluminum etc.) There are no limitations regarding the shape, materials or loads of a section, since the program can handle any arbitrary cross section under biaxial bending and axial loads. Among its capabilities, Cross Section Analysis And Design can calculate all sectional properties, plot Moment – Curvature and Interaction diagrams, estimate the location of neutral axis under given sets of biaxial loads and plot the corresponding stress – strain diagrams as well as the resulting stress contours. The last -named items can also be calculated by providing the location of the neutral axis plane on the section. Moreover, the program fully complies with all major codes concerning reinforced concrete sections (AASHTO, UBC, AS 3600, IS 456, ACI 318, BS 8110, CSA A233, EC2, NZS 3101 and CP 65). The user can also perform a reinforcement design according to above listed codes, plot the matching interaction diagrams etc., or even check a given reinforcement amount for the specified load cases. The stress – strain curve of concrete, reinforcement and other materials is specified as per the defined Analysis Parameters Sets. Thus calculations can be performed for many design situations, such as Ultimate/Serviceability or custom defined Limit States, with an automatic adjustment of the material properties, safety factors etc. A large material library is also available according to almost all concrete/reinforcement material specifications. Apart from concrete and reinforcement materials, the user can specify custom linear, bilinear, trilinear parabolic or fully general materials.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced BeamSHAZEBALIKHAN1
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
Peer review presentation for the strut and tie method as an analysis and design approach for the mat on piles foundations of the primary separation cell (vessel).
Cross Section Analysis And Design is a powerful application that can perform a wide range of cross section calculations, including the design of reinforced concrete sections. The given cross sections are built up of one or more geometric entities and can be drawn directly using the versatile featured user interface. The user can also import standard steel sections from a complete shape library according to all major codes (AISC, Australian-New Zealand, BS, Chinese, European, Indian, Aluminum etc.) There are no limitations regarding the shape, materials or loads of a section, since the program can handle any arbitrary cross section under biaxial bending and axial loads. Among its capabilities, Cross Section Analysis And Design can calculate all sectional properties, plot Moment – Curvature and Interaction diagrams, estimate the location of neutral axis under given sets of biaxial loads and plot the corresponding stress – strain diagrams as well as the resulting stress contours. The last -named items can also be calculated by providing the location of the neutral axis plane on the section. Moreover, the program fully complies with all major codes concerning reinforced concrete sections (AASHTO, UBC, AS 3600, IS 456, ACI 318, BS 8110, CSA A233, EC2, NZS 3101 and CP 65). The user can also perform a reinforcement design according to above listed codes, plot the matching interaction diagrams etc., or even check a given reinforcement amount for the specified load cases. The stress – strain curve of concrete, reinforcement and other materials is specified as per the defined Analysis Parameters Sets. Thus calculations can be performed for many design situations, such as Ultimate/Serviceability or custom defined Limit States, with an automatic adjustment of the material properties, safety factors etc. A large material library is also available according to almost all concrete/reinforcement material specifications. Apart from concrete and reinforcement materials, the user can specify custom linear, bilinear, trilinear parabolic or fully general materials.
Reinforced concrete special moment frames • are used as part of seismic force-resisting systems in buildings that are designed to resist earthquakes. • Beams, columns, and beam-column joints in moment frames are prop... more abstract
ANALYSIS & DESIGN ASPECTS OF PRE-STRESSED MEMBERS USING F.R.P. TENDONSGirish Singh
The purpose of this investigation is mainly a brief explanation about the advantages of FRP over steel. The various uses and advantages of FRP are explained in this project. In this project, we have taken a section of 3m length, 200mm width and 300mm depth and using a parabolic tendon of eccentricity 100mm at the centre. We have design the section for FRP as well as steel with the above data. The final stresses obtained is being verified with the help of Ansys software. We have shown the result of steel straight tendon only in this mini project.
OUTLINE:
Introduction
Shoring Process
Effective Beam Flange Width
Shear Transfer
Strength Of Steel Anchors
Partially Composite Beams
Moment Capacity Of Composite Sections
Deflection
Design Of Composite Sections
A Stress Ribbon Bridge is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JOSÉ FAUSTINO
SÁNCHEZ CARRIÓN
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL
OCTUBRE 2021
CURSO: Concreto Armado II
TEMA: Comportamiento de la viga “Dúctil Especial”
2. DUCTILIDAD
La ductilidad es una característica
propia del acero, que le permiten
deformaciones inelásticas
importantes antes de que falle. La
ductilidad de un elemento define su
capacidad de deformación más allá
del límite elástico sin pérdida
excesiva de resistencia ni
degradación de rigidez, y depende
directamente del material y de las
características de la sección. La
ductilidad de un marco de un edificio
define la capacidad de deformación
lateral de la estructura medida en el
último nivel ante un patrón de carga
lateral sísmica. Depende de la
ductilidad de los elementos como
conjunto y de la configuración
estructural y es importante para la
disipación de energía sin que ocurra
un colapso.
3. DISEÑO POR FLEXIÓN
Requisitos Generales
Cuantías de refuerzo
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
14
𝑓𝑦
; 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.8
𝑓′𝑐
𝑓𝑦
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.025
El refuerzo de momento
positivo en la cara del nudo
debe cumplir: 𝑀𝑛
+ ≥
𝑀𝑛
−
2
que es equivalente a
considerar: 𝐴𝑠
+
≥
𝐴𝑠
−
2
4. DISEÑO POR FLEXIÓN
En cualquier sección a lo largo del
elemento:
𝑀𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
+
≥
𝑀𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑜
−
4
𝑦 𝑀𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
−
≥
𝑀𝑛 max 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑜
−
4
que es equivalente a:
𝐴𝑠
+ ≥
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑜
−
4
𝑦 𝐴𝑠
− ≥
𝐴𝑠 max 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑜
−
4
Los empalmes por traslape sólo serán
permitidos si existen estribos o espirales
de refuerzo sobre la longitud de traslape:
𝑠 ≤
𝑑
4
𝑜 𝑠 ≤ 10𝑐𝑚
5. ELEMENTOS A FLEXIÓN
EN PÓRTICOS
ESPECIALES
Refuerzo longitudinal
Las resistencias a momento
en cualquier sección deben
cumplir
6. REFUERZO
TRANSVERSAL
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
14
𝑓𝑦
𝑏𝑑;
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.8
𝑓′𝑐
𝑓𝑦
𝑏𝑑
Espaciamiento del refuerzo transversal
en la zona de confinamiento:
𝑠 ≤
𝑑
4
,
8∅𝐿 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟
24∅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑜
30 𝑐𝑚
Donde no se requiera estribos de
confinamiento 𝑠 ≤
𝑑
2
Todos estos requisitos aseguran una
capacidad de ductilidad alta para todas
las secciones críticas de vigas.
7. FUERZAS CORTANTES DE DISEÑO
Las fuerzas de diseño se calcularán en base a las
cargas por gravedad factorizadas y los momentos
resistentes de las secciones en el elemento.
Considerando la dirección del sismo: s
𝑉𝐴 =
𝑊
𝑢𝑙𝑛
2
+
(𝑀𝑝𝑟𝐴
−
) + (𝑀𝑝𝑟𝐵
+
)
𝐿𝑛
𝑉𝐵 =
𝑊
𝑢𝑙𝑛
2
+
(𝑀𝑝𝑟𝐴
+
) + (𝑀𝑝𝑟𝐵
−
)
𝐿𝑛
Los 𝑀𝐷𝑢 se encuentran considerando que el
esfuerzo en el acero es 𝑓𝑠 =∝ 𝑓𝑦; ∝= 1.25 y el
factor de reducción de capacidad ∅ = 1.