In this Quality Assurance Training session, you will learn about Selenium- Introduction. Topic covered in this session are: • FEATURES OF SELENIUM • COMPONETS OF SELENIUM • SELENIUM IDE • SELENIUM RC • SELENIUM Web Driver • SELENIUM GRID • SELENESE For more information, about this quality assurance training, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-training-with-hands-on-project-on-e-commerce-application/

1. Quality Assurance /
Software Testing Training
Selenium- Introduction

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Agenda
• FEATURES OF SELENIUM
• COMPONETS OF SELENIUM
• SELENIUM IDE
• SELENIUM RC
• SELENIUM Web Driver
• SELENIUM GRID
• SELENESE

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• History of Selenium
• What is Selenium.
• Components of Selenium.
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium RC
• Selenium Webdriver
• Selenium Grid
• Selenese
• Testing With Selenium
Selenium Overview

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Why the Name Selenium?
It came from a joke which Jason cracked one time to his team. Another
automated testing framework was popular during Selenium's development,
and it was by the company called Mercury Interactive (yes, the company
who originally made QTP before it was acquired by HP).
Since Selenium is a well-known antidote for Mercury poisoning, Jason
suggested that name. His teammates took it, and so that is how we got to call
this framework up to the present.

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Who developed Selenium?
• Selenium was created by Jason Huggins in 2004. An engineer at
ThoughtWorks, he was working on a web application that required
frequent testing. Having realized that the repetitious manual testing of
their application was becoming more and more inefficient, he created
a JavaScript program that would automatically control the browser's
actions. He named this program as the "JavaScriptTestRunner.“
• Seeing potential in this idea to help automate other web applications , he
made JavaScriptRunner open-source which was later re-named as Selenium
Core.

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Birth of Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)
Unfortunately; testers using Selenium Core had to install the whole
application under test and the web server on their own local computers
because of the restrictions imposed by the same origin policy. So another
ThoughtWork's engineer, Paul Hammant, decided to create a server that will
act as an HTTP proxy to "trick" the browser into believing that Selenium Core
and the web application being tested come from the same domain. This
system became known as theSelenium Remote Control or Selenium 1.
Birth of Selenium Grid
Selenium Grid was developed by Patrick Lightbody to address the need of
minimizing test execution times as much as possible. He initially called the
system "Hosted QA." It was capable of capturing browser screenshots during
significant stages, and also of sending out Selenium commands to different
machines simultaneously.

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• Selenium is a Functional Automation tool for Web
applications.
• Selenium is an open source tool (No cost Involved in it).
• Selenium supports the languages like HTML, Java, PHP,
Perl, Python, Ruby and C#.
• It supports the browsers like IE, Mozilla Firefox, Safari,
Google Chrome and Opera.
• It supports the operating systems like Windows, Linux and
Mac.
• It is very flexible when compared to QTP and other
functional tools, because it supports multiple languages.
FEATURES OF SELENIUM

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Selenium is mainly built on 4 components.
1.Selenium IDE
2.Selenium RC
3.Selenium Web Driver
4.Selenium Grid
COMPONETS OF SELENIUM

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• IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment.
• Which is used for Record and Play back the scripts.
• It is an Add on for Mozilla Firefox, which means we can
download the Selenium IDE from Mozilla Firefox and we
can Record and Run the scripts in Mozilla Firefox only.
• Selenium IDE is accountable for user actions.
• We can Run the Recorded scripts against other browsers
by using Selenium RC
SELENIUM IDE

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Advantages :
 Very easy to install
 No programming experience is required
 Can export tests to Selenium RC and webdriver usable formats
Disadvantage :
 Available only in Firefox
 Test Execution is slow compared to Selenium RC and WebDriver

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Selenium IDE – Why Choose
• To learn about concepts on automated testing and Selenium, including:
• Selenese commands such as type, open, clickAndWait, assert, verify,
etc.
• Locators such as id, name, xpath, css selector, etc.
• Executing customized JavaScript code using runScript
• Exporting test cases in various formats.
• To create tests with little or no prior knowledge in programming.
• To create simple test cases and test suites that you can export later to RC
or WebDriver.
• To test a web application against Firefox only.

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• RC stands for Remote Control.
• It is a Server and launches the Browser.
• It acts as a API and Library of Selenium.
• We need to configure the Selenium RC with the supported
language, then we can automate the application.
Selenium RC

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Advantage :
• Cross browser and cross platform
• Can perform looping and conditional operations
• Can support data driven testing
• Faster execution than IDE
Disadvantage :
• Installation is more complicated than IDE
• Must have Programming knowledge
• Needs selenium RC server to be running
• Slower execution times than webdirver

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The WebDriver proves itself to be better than both Selenium IDE and
Selenium RC in many aspects. It implements a more modern and stable
approach in automating the browser's actions. WebDriver, unlike Selenium
RC, does not rely on JavaScript for automation. It controls the browser by
directly communicating to it.
The supported languages are the same as those in Selenium RC.
• Java
• C#
• PHP
• Python
• Perl
• Ruby
SELENIUM Web Driver

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Advantage :
• Simpler installation than Selenium RC
• Communicates directly with browser
• No need for a separate component such as RC
• Faster execution time than IDE and RC
Disadvantage:
• Installation is more complicated than IDE
• Requires Programming knowledge
• Cannot readily support new browsers

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Selenium Grid is used for launching the multiple browsers with
supported operating system in parallel.
We can run the scripts on different browsers in parallel.
It allows you to easily run multiple tests in parallel, on multiple
machines, in a heterogeneous environment.
SELENIUM GRID

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SELENESE
• Selenium commands, often called selenese. The set of these commands are
nothing but test script.
• If you want to write test scripts for any application, initially you need to
integrate Selenium with Java by using Eclipse. (check the Integration doc).
• After completion of the integration, First we need to create the selenium
object as below.

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Generally we use the below selenium commands to work on any application:
• Start(): To launch the Browser.
• Open(): To open the url.
• Close(): To kill or close the Browser.
• windowMaximize(): To maximize the window.
• Type(): To enter some text into a text box.
• Click(): To click on Button, Radio button and Link.
• Select(): To select a value or label from combo box or list box or Drop down.

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• Check(): To check the check box.
• selectPopUp(): To identify the pop up window.
• selectWindow(): To identify the child window.
• selectFrame(): To identify the frame.
• getAlert(): To Click ok on alert box.
• getConfirmation(): To click ok on confirmation message.
• chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation(): To click Cancel on next displayed
confirmation message.
• chooseOkOnNextConfirmation(): To click Cancel on next displayed
confirmation message.

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Selenium RC
• To design a test using a more expressive language than Selenese
• To run your test against different browsers (except HtmlUnit) on different
operating systems.
• To deploy your tests across multiple environments using Selenium Grid.
• To test your application against a new browser that supports JavaScript.
• To test web applications with complex AJAX-based scenarios

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Selenium Webdriver
• To use a certain programming language in designing your test case.
• To test applications that are rich in AJAX-based functionalities.
• To execute tests on the HtmlUnit browser.
• To create customized test results.

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Selenium Grid
• To run your Selenium RC scripts in multiple browsers and operating systems
simultaneously.
• To run a huge test suite, that need to complete in soonest time possible.

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Assignment
1. What are the Testing Tools you know?
2. Do you know any testing Tool which tests cross-browser compatibility?
3. Find any five testing tools. Provide brief description about the tool.
4. Find any 5 differences between the Functional Unit Test Tools you know
and Selenium.
5. What is a Open Source Project?
6. What is a GPL (General Public License)?
7. What are the web development mark-up languages you know?
8. What are the scripting languages you know?

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Installing Selenium is a two step process
First: If Firefox is not installed in your machine then Install Firefox
Second: If Selenium IDE is not installed on your machine then Install
Selenium IDE Plug-in
Is there an IE version of Selenium IDE?
No, at this point of time Selenium IDE works only for Firefox. You can
write your test scripts via IDE and then use the Selenium Core
TestRunner or Selenium RC to execute them on IE.
Installing Selenium IDE

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• If you do not have Mozilla Firefox yet, you can download it
from http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new.
• Launch Firefox and navigate to http://seleniumhq.org/download/. Under
the Selenium IDE section, click on the link that shows the current version
number.

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• For security, a Firefox notification will pop up. Click on "Allow.“

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Wait until Firefox completes the download and then click "Install
Now."

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• Wait until installation is completed. In the pop-up window, click "Restart
Now."

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• After Firefox has restarted, launch Selenium IDE using either of two ways:
• By pressing Ctrl+Alt+S
• By clicking on the Firefox menu button > Web
Developer> Selenium IDE

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• Selenium IDE
should launch as
shown below

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Features of Selenium IDE

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Menu Bar
It is located at the topmost portion of the IDE. The most commonly used
menus are the File, Edit, and Options menus.
File menu
It contains options to create, open, save, and close tests.
Tests are saved in HTML format.
The most useful option is "Export" because it allows you to turn your
Selenium IDE test cases into file formats that can run on Selenium
Remote Control and WebDriver
"Export Test Case As..." will export only the currently opened test case.
"Export Test Suite As..." will export all the test cases in the currently
opened test suite.

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The 2 Export
options
provided by
File menu
The file format to which
your selenium IDE Test
Case will be exported
The unit Testing
framework to be
used
The selenium
framework to be
used on the
exported test case

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Edit Menu
• It contains usual options like Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete,
and Select All.
• The two most important options are the "Insert New Command"
and "Insert New Comment".
Two most
important options
in Edit menu

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Options menu
• It provides the interface
for configuring various
settings of Selenium IDE.
• We shall concentrate on
the Options and Clipboard
Format options.
Clipboard Format
•The Clipboard Format
allows you to copy a
Selenese command from
the editor and paste it as a
code snippet.
•The format of the code
follows the option you
selected here in Clipboard
Format's list.
•HTML is the default
selection.

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Selenium IDE Options dialog box
You can launch the Selenium IDE Options dialog box by clicking Options > Options... on the menu
bar. Though there are many settings available, we will concentrate on the few important ones.
Default Time out
Value
Selenium IDE
extensions
Remember Base
URL
Autostart record

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• Default Timeout Value. This refers to the time that Selenium has to wait for
a certain element to appear or become accessible before it generates an
error. Default timeout value is 30000ms.
• Selenium IDE extensions. This is where you specify the extensions you
want to use to extend Selenium IDE's capabilities. You can
visit http://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/and use "Selenium" as
keyword to search for specific extensions.
• Remember base URL. Keep this checked if you want Selenium IDE to
remember the Base URL every time you launch it. If you uncheck this,
Selenium IDE will always launch with a blank value for the Base URL.
• Autostart record. If you check this, Selenium IDE will immediately record
your browser actions upon startup.

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Playback
Speed. This
controls the
speed of
your Test
Script
Execution.
Play entire
test suite.
This will
sequentially
play all the
test cases
listed in the
Test Case
Pane.
Play
current
test case.
This will
play only
the
currently
selected
test case
in the Test
Case
Pane.
Pause/
Resum
e. This
will
pause or
resume
your
playbac
k.
Step.
This
button
will
allow
you to
step
into
each
comma
nd in
your
test
script.
Apply
rollup
rules. This
is an
advanced
functionality
. It allows
you to
group
Selenese
commands
together
and execute
them as a
single
action.
Record.This starts/ends
your recording
session. Each browser
action is entered as a
Selenese command in the
Editor.

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Test Case Pane
Red means test
case failed
Color represent
status of the
Whole test suite
No of Test
Case run
No of Test
Case failed
• In Selenium IDE, you can open more
than one test case at a time.
• The test case pane shows you the list
of currently opened test cases.
• When you open a test suite, the test
case pane will automatically list all
the test cases contained in it.
• The test case written in bold font is
the currently selected test case
• After playback, each test case is
color-coded to represent if it passed
or failed.
• Green color means "Passed."
• Red color means "Failed."
• At the bottom portion is a summary
of the number of test cases that
were run and failed.

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Editor
You can think of the editor as the
place where all the action
happens. It is available in two
views: Table and Source.
Table View
• Most of the time, you will work
on Selenium IDE using the Table
View.
• This is where you create and
modify Selenese commands.
• After playback, each step is color-
coded
• To create steps, type the name of the command
in the "Command" text box.
• It displays a dropdown list of commandsthat
match with the entry that you are currently
typing.
• Target is any parameter (like username ,
password) for a command and Value is the input
value (like tom,123pass) for those Targets.

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Source View
• It displays the steps in HTML (default) format.
• It also allows you to edit your scriptjust like in the
Table View.

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Log Pane
• The Log Pane displays runtime messages during execution. It provides real-time updates as to
what Selenium IDE is doing.
• Logs are categorized into four types:
• Debug - By default, Debug messages are not displayed in the log panel. They show up only
when you filter them. They provide technical information about what Selenium IDE is doing
behind the scenes. It may display messages such as a specific module has done loading, a
certain function is called, or an external JavaScript file was loaded as an extension.
• Info - It says which command Selenium IDE is currently executing.
• Warn - These are warning messages that are encountered in special situations.
• Error - These are error messages generated when Selenium IDE fails to execute a command, or
if a condition specified by "verify" or "assert" command is not met.
info
Error

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Logs can be filtered by type. For example, if you choose to select the
"Error" option from the dropdown list, the Log Pane will show error
messages only.

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Reference Pane
The Reference Pane shows a concise description of the currently
selected Selenese command in the Editor. It also shows
the description about the locator and value to be used on that
command.

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UI-Element Pane
The UI-Element is for advanced Selenium users. It uses JavaScript Object
Notation (JSON) to define element mappings. The documentation and
resources are found in the "UI Element Documentation" option under the
Help menu of Selenium IDE

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Rollup Pane
• Rollup allows you to execute a group of commands in one step. A group of
commands is simply called as a "rollup." It employs heavy use of JavaScript
and UI-Element concepts to formulate a collection of commands that is
similar to a "function" in programming languages.
• Rollups are reusable; meaning, they can be used multiple times within the
test case. Since rollups are groups of commands condensed into one, they
contribute a lot in shortening your test script.

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Assignment
1. Why do you choose Selenium over QTP for automation?
2. What are the limitations of Selenium?
3. Find the advantages of following testing Tools:
– Watir/WET
– LiquidTest
– StoryTestIQ (STIQ)
– Bromine
– CubicTest
– Frankenstein
4. Find the advantages of following testing frameworks:
– JUnit,TestNG (Java)
– NUnit (.Net)
– Unittest(Python)
– RSpec, Test::Unit (Ruby)

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Step 1
• Launch Firefox and Selenium IDE.
• Type the value for our Base URL: https://www.bankofamerica.com/
• Toggle the Record button on (if it is not yet toggled on by default).
Creating first script by recording

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Step 2
• In Firefox, navigate to https://www.bankofamerica.com/
• Firefox should take you to the page similar to the one shown below.

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Step 3
• Right-click on any blank space within the page, like on the Bank of America
logo on the upper left corner. This will bring up the Selenium IDE context
menu.
• Select the "Show ALL Available Commands" option.
• Then, select "assertTitle Bank of America – Banking, Credit cards,
Mortgages and Investing ". This is a command that makes sure that the
page title is correct.

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• After clicking on the assertTitle IDE context menu option, your
Selenium IDE editor pane should show following command

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Step 4
• In the “Enter your online ID " text box of Bank of America , type an invalid
username, “XYZ".

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Step 5
• Right click on the text “The online ID you entered does not match our
records. Please re-enter your online ID
• Select “Show All Available commands and add assertText id =SI_online –
id-invalid The online ID you entered does not match our records

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Step 6
• Toggle the record button off to stop recording. Your script should now look
like the one shown below.

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Step 7
• Now that we are done with our test script, we shall save it in a test case. In
the File menu, select "Save Test Case". Alternatively, you can simply press
Ctrl+S.
Step 8
• Choose your desired location, and then name the test case as "Invalid_lD".
Click the "Save" button.
Notice That the file was saved as HTML

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Step 9
• Go back to Selenium IDE and click the Playback button to execute the whole script.
Selenium IDE should be able to replicate everything flawlessly.

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Assignment
• Open a specific URL (www.amazon.com)
• Select “Cell Phone and Accessories” under Search Select List
• Search for a specific text (“SamSung”) in #1 page
• Sort by “Prize: High to Low”
• Check whether the windows title matches “Amazon.com: SamSung – Cell
Phone and Accessories”
• Check whether the result set contains “Samsung” text

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Thank You