Comparative study of Performance of RCC Multi-Storey Building for Koyna and B...IJERA Editor
The recent history of earthquakes have indicated that if the structures are not properly designed and constructed with required quality may cause great damage to structures. This fact has resulted in to ensure safety against earthquake forces of tall structures hence, there is need to determine seismic responses of such building for designing earthquake resistant structures by carrying seismic analysis of structure. In the present work dynamic analysis of G+12 RC multi-storied framed building considering for Koyna and Bhuj earthquake is carried out by response spectrum analysis and time history analysis and responses of such building are comparatively studied with the help of SAP2000 software. Two time histories (i.e. koyna and Bhuj) have been used to develop different acceptable criteria (base shear, storey displacement, storey drift). From the results it is recommended that time history analysis should be performed as it predicts the structural response more accurately than the response spectrum analysis. Pushover Analysis is also performed for the same building and from results it is found that building is seismically safe.
Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in BhopalIJERA Editor
A Seismic design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of proper response
parameters. Seismic design explicitly evaluates how a building is likely to perform; given the potential hazard it
is likely to experience, considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and
uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an interactive process that begins with the
selection of performance objectives, followed by the development of a preliminary design, an assessment as to
whether or not the design meets the performance objectives, and finally redesign and reassessment, if required,
until the desired performance level is achieved.
In this present study one R.C. buildings, of G + 2 storey institutional building (designed according to IS
456:2000) are analysed. Analysis and redesigning by changing the main reinforcement of various frame
elements and again analyzing. The structural analysis has been carried out using STAAD.Pro V8i, a product of
Structural Analysis and Design Program. A total of 1 cases for a particular G + 2 storey institutional building
located in Zone-II have been analyzed. The results of analysis are compared in terms of reinforcement in the
column and beam. The best possible combination of reinforcement that is economical, effective and whose
damage is limited to Grade 2 (slight structural damage, moderate non structural damage) in order to enable
Immediate Occupancy is determined and is termed as Seismic Design.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI STORIED STRUCTURES USING STATIC NON LINEAR ANALYSISIjripublishers Ijri
In plan during the seismic excitation using nonlinear static analysis (pushover) have been performed on the
same structure. The literature pertaining to pushover analysis is reviewed. The pushover analysis adopted
in the present study is on similar lines with the procedure presented by Ashraf Habibullah and Stephen
Pyle using ETABS V 9.7 structural analysis software. The effect of earthquake force in a idealized G+4 story
building under maximum earthquake zone, with the help of pushover analysis has been investigated and
the results were compared in terms of base shear, displacement, spectral acceleration, spectral displacement
and effective damping and effective time period .to strengthen the symmetric and un symmetric RCC
framed buildings` steel braces are included by using retrofitting method.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through pushover analysis. Two 3-story buildings, one RCS and one RC, were modeled and analyzed. The pushover curves showed that while the base shear capacity was similar, the RCS building behaved linearly until maximum shear capacity and then failed in a soft story mechanism. The RC building formed plastic hinges first in beams and then progressively in columns from lower to upper stories until failure. The study found that RCS buildings may perform better seismically by maintaining strength and stiffness up to maximum load capacity.
This document evaluates the applicability of nonlinear static procedures (NSP), also known as pushover analysis, in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings. It compares maximum displacements from NSP to those from nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) using ground motions with probabilities of exceedance of 2% and 10% in 50 years in Los Angeles and Seattle. Four reinforced concrete framed structures are designed and analyzed using NSP and NDA. The study finds that NSP is suitable for structures where higher mode effects are insignificant, especially for higher intensity ground motions. However, NSP cannot completely replace NDA as it fails to fully capture dynamic behavior. Seismic hazard mapping is also essential for meaningful evaluation using NSP in Indian conditions.
Performance Based Evaluation of Conventional RC Framed Structure Compared wit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of an 11-story conventional reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure compared to a flat slab structure. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are used to evaluate the structures' performance under seismic loads. The natural period, base shear, story stiffness, and story displacement are calculated and compared for RC and flat slab models with and without shear walls. The results show that the flat slab structure generally has a higher natural period, base shear, and story displacement but lower story stiffness compared to the RC structure. Shear walls are found to significantly increase the stiffness and seismic performance of both structural types.
1. The document describes a project seminar on parametric study of multi-storey reinforced concrete flat slab structures under seismic effects with varying plan aspect ratios and slenderness ratios.
2. 25 structural models are created with different plan dimensions, aspect ratios ranging from 1-5, and slenderness ratios ranging from 0.48-2.88. Static and dynamic analysis is performed using ETABS software.
3. Results for base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, natural period, and maximum displacements are obtained and compared across the models to determine limiting aspect and slenderness ratios for seismic safety of the structures.
Comparative study of Performance of RCC Multi-Storey Building for Koyna and B...IJERA Editor
The recent history of earthquakes have indicated that if the structures are not properly designed and constructed with required quality may cause great damage to structures. This fact has resulted in to ensure safety against earthquake forces of tall structures hence, there is need to determine seismic responses of such building for designing earthquake resistant structures by carrying seismic analysis of structure. In the present work dynamic analysis of G+12 RC multi-storied framed building considering for Koyna and Bhuj earthquake is carried out by response spectrum analysis and time history analysis and responses of such building are comparatively studied with the help of SAP2000 software. Two time histories (i.e. koyna and Bhuj) have been used to develop different acceptable criteria (base shear, storey displacement, storey drift). From the results it is recommended that time history analysis should be performed as it predicts the structural response more accurately than the response spectrum analysis. Pushover Analysis is also performed for the same building and from results it is found that building is seismically safe.
Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in BhopalIJERA Editor
A Seismic design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of proper response
parameters. Seismic design explicitly evaluates how a building is likely to perform; given the potential hazard it
is likely to experience, considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and
uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an interactive process that begins with the
selection of performance objectives, followed by the development of a preliminary design, an assessment as to
whether or not the design meets the performance objectives, and finally redesign and reassessment, if required,
until the desired performance level is achieved.
In this present study one R.C. buildings, of G + 2 storey institutional building (designed according to IS
456:2000) are analysed. Analysis and redesigning by changing the main reinforcement of various frame
elements and again analyzing. The structural analysis has been carried out using STAAD.Pro V8i, a product of
Structural Analysis and Design Program. A total of 1 cases for a particular G + 2 storey institutional building
located in Zone-II have been analyzed. The results of analysis are compared in terms of reinforcement in the
column and beam. The best possible combination of reinforcement that is economical, effective and whose
damage is limited to Grade 2 (slight structural damage, moderate non structural damage) in order to enable
Immediate Occupancy is determined and is termed as Seismic Design.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI STORIED STRUCTURES USING STATIC NON LINEAR ANALYSISIjripublishers Ijri
In plan during the seismic excitation using nonlinear static analysis (pushover) have been performed on the
same structure. The literature pertaining to pushover analysis is reviewed. The pushover analysis adopted
in the present study is on similar lines with the procedure presented by Ashraf Habibullah and Stephen
Pyle using ETABS V 9.7 structural analysis software. The effect of earthquake force in a idealized G+4 story
building under maximum earthquake zone, with the help of pushover analysis has been investigated and
the results were compared in terms of base shear, displacement, spectral acceleration, spectral displacement
and effective damping and effective time period .to strengthen the symmetric and un symmetric RCC
framed buildings` steel braces are included by using retrofitting method.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through pushover analysis. Two 3-story buildings, one RCS and one RC, were modeled and analyzed. The pushover curves showed that while the base shear capacity was similar, the RCS building behaved linearly until maximum shear capacity and then failed in a soft story mechanism. The RC building formed plastic hinges first in beams and then progressively in columns from lower to upper stories until failure. The study found that RCS buildings may perform better seismically by maintaining strength and stiffness up to maximum load capacity.
This document evaluates the applicability of nonlinear static procedures (NSP), also known as pushover analysis, in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings. It compares maximum displacements from NSP to those from nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) using ground motions with probabilities of exceedance of 2% and 10% in 50 years in Los Angeles and Seattle. Four reinforced concrete framed structures are designed and analyzed using NSP and NDA. The study finds that NSP is suitable for structures where higher mode effects are insignificant, especially for higher intensity ground motions. However, NSP cannot completely replace NDA as it fails to fully capture dynamic behavior. Seismic hazard mapping is also essential for meaningful evaluation using NSP in Indian conditions.
Performance Based Evaluation of Conventional RC Framed Structure Compared wit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of an 11-story conventional reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure compared to a flat slab structure. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are used to evaluate the structures' performance under seismic loads. The natural period, base shear, story stiffness, and story displacement are calculated and compared for RC and flat slab models with and without shear walls. The results show that the flat slab structure generally has a higher natural period, base shear, and story displacement but lower story stiffness compared to the RC structure. Shear walls are found to significantly increase the stiffness and seismic performance of both structural types.
1. The document describes a project seminar on parametric study of multi-storey reinforced concrete flat slab structures under seismic effects with varying plan aspect ratios and slenderness ratios.
2. 25 structural models are created with different plan dimensions, aspect ratios ranging from 1-5, and slenderness ratios ranging from 0.48-2.88. Static and dynamic analysis is performed using ETABS software.
3. Results for base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, natural period, and maximum displacements are obtained and compared across the models to determine limiting aspect and slenderness ratios for seismic safety of the structures.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
Behaviour of Flat Slab by Varying Stiffness in High Seismic ZoneIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the behavior of flat slab structures with varying stiffness in high seismic zones. Various flat plate and flat slab models with different configurations of shear walls and steel bracings were analyzed using ETABS software for 10, 15, and 20-story buildings. The models were subjected to dead, live, and earthquake loads as per Indian codes. Key parameters like natural period, base shear, storey displacement, and drift were compared. Results show that shear walls are more effective than steel bracings at reducing displacements. Flat slab models with shear walls at the core and periphery performed best with minimum displacement and drift. Increasing the height of buildings leads to higher displacements indicating the need for shear walls
Comparative study on multistoried building using linear and non linear analysisIJARIIT
The effect of infill walls on the building is generally neglected in the analysis. In fact, an infill wall contributes to the
lateral strength and stiffness of the structure. Seismic response analysis of multi storey building frame with infill was done by
modeling the infill wall as an equivalent diagonal strut. For the equivalent diagonal strut, the thickness is taken equal to the
thickness of the wall and width of the strut as per “Equivalent strut method”. The comparison of seismic responses is done for
the multi-storied buildings with infill as equivalent diagonal strut using linear and non-linear analysis. ETABS software is used
for the present study.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Conventional Slab and Flat Slabs RCC Structure us...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a comparative study on the seismic performance of conventional slab reinforced concrete (RCC) structures and flat slab RCC structures using pushover analysis. It aims to compare the structures' behavior under parameters like base shear, story displacement, and story drift. The study finds that under equivalent pushover analysis, the conventional slab RCC structure performs better with lower base shear, story drift, and story displacement values compared to flat slab and flat plate RCC structures. Overall, the conventional slab structure is considered more seismically efficient. The document provides background on pushover analysis methodology and outlines the objectives to explore and compare the seismic behavior of different slab RCC structures through nonlinear static analysis.
Dynamic Analysis of RC Multi-storeyed Building - A Comparative Studyijsrd.com
In India with a seismic moderate zone, the equivalent static force method to estimate the seismic force, subsequent vulnerability and behavior of RC building under seismic load is inadequate. The main goal of this paper is to show how the modal analysis can contribute to the understanding the behavior of building using Response Spectrum Method. In this study, Dynamic Analysis of four storied Reinforced Concrete building was investigated using Staad pro and Etabs software packages. For this, Response Spectrum Method was used to evaluate the base shear, frequency, modal mass participation and the mode shapes of the building have been plotted for 15 frequencies. Seismic Zone 3 has been considered and base shear was calculated as per the procedure recommended by IS 1893-2002. The results shows that only slight variation in frequencies and modal participation factors was observed as each software has its own way of considering the mass.
Performance Based Design Presentation By Deepak BashettyDeepak Bashetty
This document provides an overview of a performance-based seismic analysis conducted on a reinforced concrete building. It describes the modeling approach used, which involved defining plastic hinges in beams and columns to capture nonlinear behavior. Both pushover analysis and time history analysis were performed. The pushover analysis generated a capacity curve and identified performance points for two performance levels under the design basis earthquake and maximum considered earthquake. Time history analysis involved applying 7 sets of ground motion records scaled to target displacements. Results from the nonlinear analyses were used to evaluate response parameters like base shear, roof displacement, and interstory drift ratios to assess the building's performance.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Different Positions of Shear Wall o...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study analyzing the effect of different positions of shear walls on transfer girders in 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30-story reinforced concrete buildings with floating columns on the exterior frames. The buildings were analyzed using wind analysis, conventional analysis, and construction stage analysis in ETABS. Results like bending moments and displacements of the transfer girders were compared for models with shear walls at the core, corners, periphery, and without shear walls. The study found that shear walls at different positions reduced structural responses of the transfer girders, with core walls performing best for lower stories and corner walls for mid-height buildings. Conventional analysis generally provided the critical results adopted for design.
Influence of Aspect Ratio & Plan Configurations on Seismic Performance of Mul...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the influence of aspect ratio and plan configurations on the seismic performance of multistory reinforced concrete buildings. Sixteen building models with varying horizontal aspect ratios (number of bays) and vertical aspect ratios (number of stories) were modeled and analyzed using response spectrum analysis to evaluate various seismic response parameters. The objective was to determine the best suitable building plan configuration and understand how increasing the height and bays impacts seismic response.
Descriptive study of pushover analysis in rcc structures of rigid jointYousuf Dinar
ABSTRACT: Structures in mega cities, are under serious threat because of faulty and unskilled design and construction of structures. Sometimes structure designers are more concerned in constructing different load resistant members without knowing its necessity and its performance in the structure. Different configuration of construction may also lead to significant variation in capacity of the same structure. Nonlinear static pushover analysis provides a better view on the performance of the structures during seismic events. This comprehensive research evaluates as well as compares the performances of bare, different infill percentage level, different configuration of soft storey and Shear wall consisting building structures with each other and later depending upon the findings, suggests from which level of performance shear wall should be preferred over the infill structure and will eventually help engineers to decide where generally the soft storey could be constructed in the structures. Above all a better of effects of pushover analysis could be summarized from the findings. Masonry walls are represented by equivalent strut according to pushover concerned codes. For different loading conditions, the performances of structures are evaluated with the help of performance point, base shear, top displacement, storey drift and stages of number of hinges form.
Chronological construction sequence effects on reinforced concrete and steel ...Yousuf Dinar
Building structures are analyzed in a single step using linear static analysis on the assumption that the structures are subjected to full load once the whole structure is constructed completely. In reality the dead load due to the each structural components and finishing items are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed story by story for nonlinear behavior of materials. Advancement of finite element modeling accelerates the accuracy of finite element simulation by taking the consideration of construction sequential effects. In this paper, rigid frame structures of both concrete and steel model of different configurations have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis outcomes will help to understand how the structural response against loads varies for construction sequential analysis and linear static analysis while highlighting the material property. For vivid understanding of necessity of sequential analysis, analysis outcomes are eventually compared with conventional one step analysis. The effect of sequence of construction due to the self-weight of members has been studied and its effect on the overall design forces has also been highlighted using finite element modeling.
A comparative study on force based design and direct displacement based desig...eSAT Journals
Abstract In recent times, many research works related to seismic resistant design of structures were done and various methods of seismic resistant design were predicted and this study explains about two major seismic design methods (i.e) Force Based Design(FBD) and Direct Displacement Based Design(DDBD) in which former is a conventional method while later one is a performance approach of design. Design and Analysis were done on two dimensional bare frames of four, eight and twelve stories based on following codes IS 456, IS 1893:2000, FEMA 356 and the two design approaches were studied. Analysis and design for this study was done using Structural Analysis Program software(SAP 2000). Both design approaches is validated using non linear time history analysis for 16 different ground motion of PGA =0.32g. Structural parameters like Drift Ratio, Ductility Demand and Base shear were compared within the frames of different stories and between design approaches. Keywords: Force Based Design (FBD), Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD), Base Shear, Ductility, Inter storey Drift, Reinforced Concrete Frames, FEMA.
STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GR...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the static linear and non-linear pushover analysis of reinforced concrete buildings on sloping ground in different seismic zones and with different slope angles. The study aims to understand the effects of slope variation on the base shear, displacement, drifts and performance in terms of plastic hinge formation. Both linear and non-linear static analyses are performed using ETABS software. Isolated bearings are also used to reduce seismic effects, and their performance is evaluated. The analyses provide important insights into building behavior under earthquakes based on slope and design parameters.
This document evaluates the response reduction factor for industrial buildings with steel trusses supported by reinforced concrete columns. It begins with an introduction to seismic analysis and response reduction factors. It then reviews relevant literature on evaluating the factors that contribute to response reduction. The document outlines the aim to evaluate response reduction factors for single and multi-bay industrial buildings. It describes conducting nonlinear pushover analyses of models in SAP2000 to determine their force-displacement behaviors. Key factors like reserve strength, ductility, and redundancy that make up the overall response reduction factor are also defined. The document then works through an example problem of analyzing a specific building model to calculate its dead and live loads. The summary provides a high-level overview of the document's
Effect of Seismic Zone and Story Height on Response Reduction Factor for SMRF...P. Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao
This document discusses a study on the variation of response reduction factors for steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs) designed according to Indian seismic code IS 1893(Part-1):2002. 12 SMRFs of varying heights (3, 5, and 7 stories) located in different seismic zones (II-V) were analyzed. Non-linear static pushover analysis was used to determine the overstrength, ductility reduction, and overall response reduction factors for each frame. The results showed that these factors varied based on the number of stories and seismic zone, which is significant for seismic codes that do not currently account for such variations.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
IRJET- An Innovative Method of Electricity Generation from Speed-Breakers of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab and flat plate buildings compared to conventional beam-column buildings. A 10-story building model is analyzed using ETABS software to study the effects of adding steel bracing or shear walls. Previous studies on using different bracing configurations, increasing building height, and replacing columns with shear walls are reviewed. The current study analyzes buildings with flat slabs or plates and variable stiffness by adding bracing or walls at different locations. Response parameters like displacement, drift, shear and period are compared to evaluate the performance of walls versus bracing in improving seismic resistance of flat slab structures.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a G+2 institutional building in Bhopal, India. The building is modeled and analyzed using STAAD.Pro software under different earthquake load combinations. Results are presented for maximum bending moment, shear force, axial force, joint displacement, and section displacement at each floor. The first floor experiences the highest bending moment of 164.07 kNm and maximum joint displacement of 8.484 mm in the X direction under seismic loads. The analysis provides optimal reinforcement for the building to limit damage to Grade 2 under seismic activity.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using pushover analysis. RCS buildings combine RC columns for their stiffness and damping properties with steel beams for their lightweight construction. The study designs a 3-story RCS building and RC building without shear walls according to Egyptian building codes. Pushover analysis is used to generate base shear-displacement curves and evaluate member forces, yielding, and inter-story drift under increasing lateral loads to compare the seismic performance of the two building types.
This document summarizes a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using pushover analysis. RCS buildings combine RC columns for their stiffness and damping properties with steel beams for their lightweight construction. The study designs a 3-story RCS building and RC building without shear walls according to Egyptian building codes. Pushover analysis is used to generate base shear-displacement curves and evaluate member forces, yielding, and inter-story drift under increasing lateral loads to compare the seismic performance of the two building types.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of irregular L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings of varying heights (4, 8, and 20 stories) located in seismic Zone III. Six models of each building are considered: a bare frame, frame with infill walls modeled as membranes, and frame with infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses are performed using ETABS. The results show that modeling infill walls improves seismic performance by reducing top story displacement and increasing base shear capacity, with the equivalent strut model performing better than the membrane model. The influence of infill walls decreases with increasing building height.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
Behaviour of Flat Slab by Varying Stiffness in High Seismic ZoneIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the behavior of flat slab structures with varying stiffness in high seismic zones. Various flat plate and flat slab models with different configurations of shear walls and steel bracings were analyzed using ETABS software for 10, 15, and 20-story buildings. The models were subjected to dead, live, and earthquake loads as per Indian codes. Key parameters like natural period, base shear, storey displacement, and drift were compared. Results show that shear walls are more effective than steel bracings at reducing displacements. Flat slab models with shear walls at the core and periphery performed best with minimum displacement and drift. Increasing the height of buildings leads to higher displacements indicating the need for shear walls
Comparative study on multistoried building using linear and non linear analysisIJARIIT
The effect of infill walls on the building is generally neglected in the analysis. In fact, an infill wall contributes to the
lateral strength and stiffness of the structure. Seismic response analysis of multi storey building frame with infill was done by
modeling the infill wall as an equivalent diagonal strut. For the equivalent diagonal strut, the thickness is taken equal to the
thickness of the wall and width of the strut as per “Equivalent strut method”. The comparison of seismic responses is done for
the multi-storied buildings with infill as equivalent diagonal strut using linear and non-linear analysis. ETABS software is used
for the present study.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Conventional Slab and Flat Slabs RCC Structure us...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a comparative study on the seismic performance of conventional slab reinforced concrete (RCC) structures and flat slab RCC structures using pushover analysis. It aims to compare the structures' behavior under parameters like base shear, story displacement, and story drift. The study finds that under equivalent pushover analysis, the conventional slab RCC structure performs better with lower base shear, story drift, and story displacement values compared to flat slab and flat plate RCC structures. Overall, the conventional slab structure is considered more seismically efficient. The document provides background on pushover analysis methodology and outlines the objectives to explore and compare the seismic behavior of different slab RCC structures through nonlinear static analysis.
Dynamic Analysis of RC Multi-storeyed Building - A Comparative Studyijsrd.com
In India with a seismic moderate zone, the equivalent static force method to estimate the seismic force, subsequent vulnerability and behavior of RC building under seismic load is inadequate. The main goal of this paper is to show how the modal analysis can contribute to the understanding the behavior of building using Response Spectrum Method. In this study, Dynamic Analysis of four storied Reinforced Concrete building was investigated using Staad pro and Etabs software packages. For this, Response Spectrum Method was used to evaluate the base shear, frequency, modal mass participation and the mode shapes of the building have been plotted for 15 frequencies. Seismic Zone 3 has been considered and base shear was calculated as per the procedure recommended by IS 1893-2002. The results shows that only slight variation in frequencies and modal participation factors was observed as each software has its own way of considering the mass.
Performance Based Design Presentation By Deepak BashettyDeepak Bashetty
This document provides an overview of a performance-based seismic analysis conducted on a reinforced concrete building. It describes the modeling approach used, which involved defining plastic hinges in beams and columns to capture nonlinear behavior. Both pushover analysis and time history analysis were performed. The pushover analysis generated a capacity curve and identified performance points for two performance levels under the design basis earthquake and maximum considered earthquake. Time history analysis involved applying 7 sets of ground motion records scaled to target displacements. Results from the nonlinear analyses were used to evaluate response parameters like base shear, roof displacement, and interstory drift ratios to assess the building's performance.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Effect of Different Positions of Shear Wall o...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study analyzing the effect of different positions of shear walls on transfer girders in 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30-story reinforced concrete buildings with floating columns on the exterior frames. The buildings were analyzed using wind analysis, conventional analysis, and construction stage analysis in ETABS. Results like bending moments and displacements of the transfer girders were compared for models with shear walls at the core, corners, periphery, and without shear walls. The study found that shear walls at different positions reduced structural responses of the transfer girders, with core walls performing best for lower stories and corner walls for mid-height buildings. Conventional analysis generally provided the critical results adopted for design.
Influence of Aspect Ratio & Plan Configurations on Seismic Performance of Mul...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the influence of aspect ratio and plan configurations on the seismic performance of multistory reinforced concrete buildings. Sixteen building models with varying horizontal aspect ratios (number of bays) and vertical aspect ratios (number of stories) were modeled and analyzed using response spectrum analysis to evaluate various seismic response parameters. The objective was to determine the best suitable building plan configuration and understand how increasing the height and bays impacts seismic response.
Descriptive study of pushover analysis in rcc structures of rigid jointYousuf Dinar
ABSTRACT: Structures in mega cities, are under serious threat because of faulty and unskilled design and construction of structures. Sometimes structure designers are more concerned in constructing different load resistant members without knowing its necessity and its performance in the structure. Different configuration of construction may also lead to significant variation in capacity of the same structure. Nonlinear static pushover analysis provides a better view on the performance of the structures during seismic events. This comprehensive research evaluates as well as compares the performances of bare, different infill percentage level, different configuration of soft storey and Shear wall consisting building structures with each other and later depending upon the findings, suggests from which level of performance shear wall should be preferred over the infill structure and will eventually help engineers to decide where generally the soft storey could be constructed in the structures. Above all a better of effects of pushover analysis could be summarized from the findings. Masonry walls are represented by equivalent strut according to pushover concerned codes. For different loading conditions, the performances of structures are evaluated with the help of performance point, base shear, top displacement, storey drift and stages of number of hinges form.
Chronological construction sequence effects on reinforced concrete and steel ...Yousuf Dinar
Building structures are analyzed in a single step using linear static analysis on the assumption that the structures are subjected to full load once the whole structure is constructed completely. In reality the dead load due to the each structural components and finishing items are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed story by story for nonlinear behavior of materials. Advancement of finite element modeling accelerates the accuracy of finite element simulation by taking the consideration of construction sequential effects. In this paper, rigid frame structures of both concrete and steel model of different configurations have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis outcomes will help to understand how the structural response against loads varies for construction sequential analysis and linear static analysis while highlighting the material property. For vivid understanding of necessity of sequential analysis, analysis outcomes are eventually compared with conventional one step analysis. The effect of sequence of construction due to the self-weight of members has been studied and its effect on the overall design forces has also been highlighted using finite element modeling.
A comparative study on force based design and direct displacement based desig...eSAT Journals
Abstract In recent times, many research works related to seismic resistant design of structures were done and various methods of seismic resistant design were predicted and this study explains about two major seismic design methods (i.e) Force Based Design(FBD) and Direct Displacement Based Design(DDBD) in which former is a conventional method while later one is a performance approach of design. Design and Analysis were done on two dimensional bare frames of four, eight and twelve stories based on following codes IS 456, IS 1893:2000, FEMA 356 and the two design approaches were studied. Analysis and design for this study was done using Structural Analysis Program software(SAP 2000). Both design approaches is validated using non linear time history analysis for 16 different ground motion of PGA =0.32g. Structural parameters like Drift Ratio, Ductility Demand and Base shear were compared within the frames of different stories and between design approaches. Keywords: Force Based Design (FBD), Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD), Base Shear, Ductility, Inter storey Drift, Reinforced Concrete Frames, FEMA.
STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GR...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the static linear and non-linear pushover analysis of reinforced concrete buildings on sloping ground in different seismic zones and with different slope angles. The study aims to understand the effects of slope variation on the base shear, displacement, drifts and performance in terms of plastic hinge formation. Both linear and non-linear static analyses are performed using ETABS software. Isolated bearings are also used to reduce seismic effects, and their performance is evaluated. The analyses provide important insights into building behavior under earthquakes based on slope and design parameters.
This document evaluates the response reduction factor for industrial buildings with steel trusses supported by reinforced concrete columns. It begins with an introduction to seismic analysis and response reduction factors. It then reviews relevant literature on evaluating the factors that contribute to response reduction. The document outlines the aim to evaluate response reduction factors for single and multi-bay industrial buildings. It describes conducting nonlinear pushover analyses of models in SAP2000 to determine their force-displacement behaviors. Key factors like reserve strength, ductility, and redundancy that make up the overall response reduction factor are also defined. The document then works through an example problem of analyzing a specific building model to calculate its dead and live loads. The summary provides a high-level overview of the document's
Effect of Seismic Zone and Story Height on Response Reduction Factor for SMRF...P. Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao
This document discusses a study on the variation of response reduction factors for steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs) designed according to Indian seismic code IS 1893(Part-1):2002. 12 SMRFs of varying heights (3, 5, and 7 stories) located in different seismic zones (II-V) were analyzed. Non-linear static pushover analysis was used to determine the overstrength, ductility reduction, and overall response reduction factors for each frame. The results showed that these factors varied based on the number of stories and seismic zone, which is significant for seismic codes that do not currently account for such variations.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
IRJET- An Innovative Method of Electricity Generation from Speed-Breakers of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the seismic performance of flat slab and flat plate buildings compared to conventional beam-column buildings. A 10-story building model is analyzed using ETABS software to study the effects of adding steel bracing or shear walls. Previous studies on using different bracing configurations, increasing building height, and replacing columns with shear walls are reviewed. The current study analyzes buildings with flat slabs or plates and variable stiffness by adding bracing or walls at different locations. Response parameters like displacement, drift, shear and period are compared to evaluate the performance of walls versus bracing in improving seismic resistance of flat slab structures.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a G+2 institutional building in Bhopal, India. The building is modeled and analyzed using STAAD.Pro software under different earthquake load combinations. Results are presented for maximum bending moment, shear force, axial force, joint displacement, and section displacement at each floor. The first floor experiences the highest bending moment of 164.07 kNm and maximum joint displacement of 8.484 mm in the X direction under seismic loads. The analysis provides optimal reinforcement for the building to limit damage to Grade 2 under seismic activity.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using pushover analysis. RCS buildings combine RC columns for their stiffness and damping properties with steel beams for their lightweight construction. The study designs a 3-story RCS building and RC building without shear walls according to Egyptian building codes. Pushover analysis is used to generate base shear-displacement curves and evaluate member forces, yielding, and inter-story drift under increasing lateral loads to compare the seismic performance of the two building types.
This document summarizes a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using pushover analysis. RCS buildings combine RC columns for their stiffness and damping properties with steel beams for their lightweight construction. The study designs a 3-story RCS building and RC building without shear walls according to Egyptian building codes. Pushover analysis is used to generate base shear-displacement curves and evaluate member forces, yielding, and inter-story drift under increasing lateral loads to compare the seismic performance of the two building types.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of irregular L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings of varying heights (4, 8, and 20 stories) located in seismic Zone III. Six models of each building are considered: a bare frame, frame with infill walls modeled as membranes, and frame with infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses are performed using ETABS. The results show that modeling infill walls improves seismic performance by reducing top story displacement and increasing base shear capacity, with the equivalent strut model performing better than the membrane model. The influence of infill walls decreases with increasing building height.
IRJET- A Review on Progressive Collapse of Composites StructuresIRJET Journal
This document reviews previous research on analyzing the progressive collapse of composite structures. Some key studies analyzed steel and concrete buildings using linear and nonlinear static/dynamic analyses and investigated how their behavior changed with the sudden removal of columns. Percentage increases in demand capacity ratios, base shear, and roof displacements were calculated. The current study aims to analyze the progressive collapse of a G+20 composite building using ETABS software and investigate how its behavior changes under extreme loading conditions based on guidelines from the US General Services Administration.
Finite Element Modeling of a Multi-Storeyed Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete F...IOSR Journals
In the present study, the non-linear response of RC frame using FE modeling under the incremental
loading has been carried out in the first phase of analysis to study the response and load-carrying capacity of a
four storeyed RC frame using non-linear finite element analysis. In the second phase of study an analysis model
for retrofitted RC frame using finite element method using software ATENA is presented. The results obtained
from FE analysis in both cases are compared with the experimental data for four storeyed RC frame tested by
BARC at CPRI. The results from finite element analysis were calculated at the same location as used in
experimental test. The accuracy of the finite element model is assessed by the comparison with experimental
results which are to be in good agreement. The base shear/ displacement curves from finite element analysis
agree well with the experimental results in linear range. The maximum difference in base shear is observed to
be 7.9%
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
1. This document discusses performing a pushover analysis on a flat slab building using SAP2000 software to evaluate its seismic performance.
2. A pushover analysis applies increasing lateral loads to identify weak zones and determine the building's strength and deformation capacities.
3. The analysis revealed that retrofitting weak columns with jacketing and adding beams could significantly improve the building's lateral strength and stiffness to withstand seismic forces.
Performance based analysis of rc building consisting shear wall and varying i...Yousuf Dinar
Abstract:
Metropolitan cities are under severe threat because of inappropriate design and construction of structures. Faulty building designed without considering seismic consideration could be vulnerable to damage even under low levels of ground shaking from distant earthquake. So, structural engineers often are more concerned about the constructing Shear wall without knowing its performance with respect to infill percentage which may lead it to an over design state without knowing the demand. Nonlinear inelastic pushover analysis provides a better view about the behavior of the structures during seismic events. This study investigates as well as compares the performances of bare, different infill percentage level and two types of Shear wall consisting building structures and suggests from which level of performance shear wall should be preferred over the infill structure. To perform the finite element simulation ETABS 9.7.2 is used to get the output using pushover analysis. For different loading conditions, the performances of structures are evaluated with the help of base shear, deflection, storey drift, storey drift ratio and stages of number of hinges form and represented with discussion.
Seismic Evaluation of Multi-storeyed Buildings On Plain Ground And Curve Slop...IJSRD
Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. Buildings on hill slopes differ in a way from other buildings. The soft storeies are typical feature in modern constructions specially in seismic areas which has been experience by the previous studies and past earthquakes. Due to verious type of structures on sloped ground structures are comes under irregularity and asymmetricity. Structures on slope leads to seismic cases.The damages to the structures are determined and acceptable safety can be provided. The linear-elastic analysis is not adequate in highly seismic areas. Thus for the design of building in seimic areas and sloped areas inelastic procedure is used. In the present dissertation work, 3D analytical model of eleven storeyed buildings on plain and curved ground have been generated. Models are analyze using ‘‘ETABSâ€Âto get the behavior of structure due to change in column height in ground story due to curved sloped ground. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of infill, concrete shear wall and concrete core wall during earthquake, seismic analysis using both elastic and inelastic method of analyses i.e., linear static (equivalent static method), linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing equivalent static method, response spectrum method. Storey drifts are within the permissible limit given for linear static and linear dynamic method. Again contrary to common practice, the presence of masonry infills, concrete shear and concrete core wall may affect the overall behavior of structure while subjected to earthquake forces.
Analytical Study of Response of Multi-Storey Building under Biaxial Excitation IJERA Editor
Conventional practice of dynamic analysis using seismic codes recommends that the dynamic analysis is done by
considering earthquake force in one direction at a time i.e. uniaxial excitation. But the simultaneous effect of
asymmetricities in both orthogonal directions is neglected because of uniaxial excitation approach. Also the
behaviour of building during earthquake depends upon its shape size and overall geometry. The partial and
complete collapse of reinforced concrete buildings in recent earthquakes has raised the need to design the
building considering biaxial forces. Limited research has been carried out on effect of such biaxial excitation.
To get reliable results a regular and C shape model of multi-storey building is analysed using various timehistories
in SAP2000 v17. The angle of incidence of earthquake forces will be varying between 0 to 360 degrees.
The influence of the orthogonal horizontal component of input ground motion on seismic response of reinforced
concrete building is analysed by comparing the response of biaxial excitation with the response of uniaxial
excitation.
Change in maximum displacement values, considering this as the basic criteria, comparison of the responses due
biaxial excitation and uniaxial excitation is done. Time history analysis has been carried out using SAP2000
after validating the model with results available in reference literature.
It is observed and recommended that considering biaxial forces is necessary for an accurate determination of
response and also to reach an adequate design for serviceability earthquakes.
Non-Linear Static (Pushover) Analysis of Irregular Building SystemsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the non-linear static (pushover) analysis of irregular building systems. It presents 6 building models of 13-story reinforced concrete buildings with different configurations of masonry infill walls and concrete shear walls to study their seismic performance. Non-linear static pushover analysis is performed using ETABS software to obtain the capacity curves and evaluate the performance of each model under seismic loading. The results show that the inclusion of masonry infill walls and concrete shear walls affects the seismic response of the irregular buildings, and that some configurations perform better than others.
Investigation on performance based non linear pushover analysis of flat plate...Yousuf Dinar
This document summarizes an investigation into the performance of flat plate reinforced concrete buildings under nonlinear pushover analysis. The study evaluates bare frame structures with different percentages of masonry infill, as well as structures with soft stories or shear walls. Pushover analysis was performed on a 7-story model building to determine base shear, displacement, story drift, and hinge formation at different performance levels. Results show that infill and shear walls improve seismic performance by reducing displacement, and that placing soft stories higher in the structure increases strength and stability. Shear walls performed best and controlled hinge formation, indicating more uniform response.
IRJET- A Study on Effect of LRB Isolators on Varying Height of Rectangula...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolators on structures of varying heights when subjected to seismic activity. Non-linear time history analyses were conducted on 4, 10, 15, and 20-story rectangular reinforced concrete structures both with and without LRB isolators. The results showed that using LRB isolators significantly reduced story rotation, acceleration, displacement, and drift across all building heights compared to fixed-base structures. Additionally, LRB isolators increased the natural period of the structures, which decreased the lateral forces experienced. In conclusion, seismic isolation through the use of LRB isolators improved the performance of structures and was more effective at mitigating earthquake effects in taller buildings.
IRJET- Assessment of the Codal Provisions for Asymmetric BuildingsIRJET Journal
1) The document assesses the codal provisions for analyzing asymmetric buildings given in IS: 1893 (2000) using pushover analysis in SAP 2000 software.
2) It summarizes previous research on analyzing asymmetric buildings that found increased torsion, displacements, and member forces compared to symmetric buildings. Mass and stiffness eccentricity in asymmetric buildings causes increased seismic effects.
3) The study analyzes two 5-story building models - one symmetric and one asymmetric - to evaluate their seismic performance and improve the asymmetric building's torsional stability. Pushover analysis is used to conduct the evaluation.
Earthquake Analysis of Multi-Storied Buildings with Floating ColumnsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the earthquake performance of multi-story buildings with floating columns. It begins by defining floating columns as columns that do not extend to the ground and instead transfer their load to beams. It then describes how 6 mathematical models of reinforced concrete framed structures with and without floating columns were created in ETABS software and subjected to equivalent linear static and linear dynamic (response spectrum) analysis. The key parameters analyzed include fundamental natural period, mode shapes, storey displacements, drifts, and base shear. The findings indicate that buildings with floating columns may be more vulnerable to earthquake loads compared to conventional structures due to discontinuities in the load path.
Performance of Flat Slab Structure Using Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
Performance Based Seismic Engineering is the modern approach to earthquake resistant design. It
is a limit-state based design approach extended to cover complex range of issues faced by structural engineers.
Flat slabs are becoming popular and gaining importance as they are economical as compared to beam-column
connections in conventional slab. Many existing flat slabs may not have been designed for seismic forces so it is
important to study their response under seismic conditions and to evaluate seismic retrofit schemes. In this
paper we have discussed the results obtained by performing push over analysis on flat slabs by using most
common software SAP2000. A (G+7) frame having 5 bays is considered for analysis. It is observed that the
performance point of flat slab is more as compared to conventional building.
Giovanni De Francesco is an Italian civil structural engineer with expertise in performance-based seismic design of precast concrete structures. He has a PhD focused on advanced seismic design of innovative precast systems. His experience includes developing resilient precast concrete structural systems using post-tensioned rocking walls and supplemental damping. He is a licensed professional engineer in Italy and has worked as a chief structural engineer developing innovative structural systems.
Effects of Providing Shear wall and Bracing to Seismic Performance of Concret...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effects of providing shear walls and bracing on the seismic performance of concrete buildings through pushover analysis. Three models are considered: ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF) without lateral resistance, braced moment resisting frame (BMRF) with bracing, and wall moment resisting frame (WMRF) with shear walls.
Pushover analysis is performed on the models using software to obtain base shear, storey displacement, and performance point. Results show that providing shear walls and bracing increases base shear at the performance point, reduces storey displacement and drift, and achieves a higher performance state. Global stiffness is also increased. Plastic hinges form more uniformly across storeys in braced and
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Buildings with Shear Wall having Horizontal Ir...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic behavior of five 6-story buildings with horizontal irregularities: E-shaped, I-shaped, L-shaped, +-shaped, and box-shaped. The buildings are modeled in SAP2000 and analyzed using response spectrum analysis according to Indian codes for seismic design. Parameters like lateral displacement, base shear, story drift, and period are compared. Results show the E-shaped building experiences the highest base shear and lateral displacement, while the +-shaped building experiences the lowest. The L-shaped building has the highest displacement in the X-direction, while the +-shaped building remains the lowest. In conclusion, horizontal irregularity affects the seismic response of buildings.
Similar to Seismic response of existing rc building under revised seismic zone classification using pushover analysis (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
2. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 24 editor@iaeme.com
venerable to damage must be identified and an acceptable level of safety must be determined. To
make such assessment, simplified linear-elastic methods are not adequate. One of the emerging fields
in seismic design of structures is the Performance Based Design. Nonlinear static analysis or push
over analysis has been developed over the past years and has been a preferred procedure for seismic
performance evaluation of several structures. Basically, a pushover analysis is a series of incremental
static analysis carried out to develop a capacity curve for the building. Based on the capacity curve, a
target displacement which is an estimate of the displacement that the design earthquake will produce
on the building is determined.
Peter Fajfar and M.Eeri [1] carried out studies on a nonlinear analysis method for
performance based seismic design. In this paper, the author has presented a simple non linear method
for seismic analysis of structures. It combines the push over analysis of multi degree of freedom
model with response spectrum analysis of an equal single degree of freedom system. The method is
formulated in acceleration-displacement format, which enables the visual interpretation of the
procedure and of relations between basic quantities controlling seismic response. Inelastic spectra,
rather than elastic spectra with equivalent damping and period are applied. This feature represents
the major difference with respect to the capacity spectrum method. Moreover demand quantities are
obtained without iterations. Generally, the results of the N2 method are reasonably accurate,
provided that the structure oscillates predominantly in the first mode. Some additional limitations
apply. M. Seifi, J. Noorzaei, M. S. Jaafar, E. YazdanPanah [2] presents the state of the art
development in nonlinear static pushover analysis in earthquake engineering. In this paper, the
authors compared nonlinear static pushover (NSP) analysis to nonlinear dynamic time-history
analysis. Conceptually, NSP method relies on pushing the structure with incremental static lateral
load by considering material inelasticity and geometric nonlinearity. Pushover procedure for
evaluating the seismic adequacy of reinforced concrete frames was presented by A. Shuraim, A.
Charif [3]. In this paper the author has utilized nonlinear static analytical procedure (Pushover) as
introduced by ATC-40 for the evaluation of existing design of a reinforced concrete frame, in order
to examine the applicability of the pushover for evaluating design of new buildings. In the first
approach, the potential deficiencies were determined by redesigning under one selected seismic
combination in order to show which members would require additional reinforcement. In the second
approach, a pushover analysis was conducted to assess the seismic performance of the frame and
detect the locations of the plastic hinges. The paper shows that vulnerability locations revealed from
the two procedures are significantly different, where the latter procedure tends to overestimate
column strength, consequently, concealing earlier detection of column weaknesses. The paper
provides rational explanations for the apparent discrepancy that can be taken into consideration in
order to make pushover methodology applicable when designing or evaluating existing design of
new buildings. Rahul Rana, Limin Jin and AtilaZekioglu [4] carried out push over analysis of a 19
storey concrete shear wall building”.In this paper, author has done Pushover analysis on a nineteen
story, slender concrete tower building located in San Francisco with a gross area of 430,000 square
feet. NieJiaguo, Qin Kai, Xiao Yan [5] carried out studies on push-over analysis of the seismic
behavior of a concrete-filled rectangular tubular frame structure. In this paper, in order to investigate
the seismic behavior of concrete-filled rectangular steel tube (CFRT) structures, push-over analysis
of a 10-story moment resisting frame (MRF) composed of CFRT columns and steel beams was
conducted. The results show that push-over analysis is sensitive to the lateral load patterns, so the
use of at least two load patterns that are expected to bound the inertia force distributions is
recommended. Oguz, Sermin [6] carried out evaluation of pushover analysis procedures for frame
structures. Modal Pushover Analysis on reinforced concrete and steel moment resisting frames
covering a broad range of fundamental periods was carried out. Certain response parameters
predicted by each pushover procedure were compared with the 'exact' results obtained from
3. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
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nonlinear dynamic analysis. A. Ismail [7] carried out non linear static analysis of a retrofitted
reinforced concrete building. In this study, the author made an attempt for investigating the seismic
behavior of a typical existing building in Cairo by performing static pushover analysis before and
after retrofitting the columns by reinforced concrete, steel sections or carbon fiber reinforced
polymer (CFRP) composite jackets.
In this paper the author has carried out pushover analysis for evaluation of seismic
performance of existing reinforced concrete structure under revised seismic zone classification. The
present study is to evaluate the behavior of existing seven storey reinforced concrete structure
located in Chennai region, which was designed as per the earlier version of the seismic code (IS:
1893 – 1984), to comply with the provision mentioned in the revised version of seismic code (IS
1893 (Part 1) : 2002).
2.0 PUSHOVER ANALYSIS
Pushover analysis (Fig. 1) is a nonlinear static analysis for a reinforced concrete (RC) framed
structure subjected to lateral loading.This lateral loads represents the inertial forces which the
structure would be experienced when subjected to ground shaking.First gravity loads are applied, and
then the lateral load is applied incrementally at the end of the gravity push. Building is displaced till
the ‘control node’ reaches ‘target displacement’ or building collapses.The sequence of cracking,
plastic hinging and failure of the structural components throughout the procedure is observed.Using
a pushover analysis, a characteristic non linear force-displacement relationship (Base shear & control
node displacement) can be determined.
Pushover analysis is a static, nonlinear procedure in which the magnitude of the lateral force
is incrementally increased, maintaining the predefined distribution pattern along the height of the
building. Pushover analysis can determine the strength (weak links and failure modes), and drift
capacity and the seismic demand for this structure subjected to selected earthquake. Local Nonlinear
effects are modeled and the structure is pushed until a collapse mechanism gets developed. At each
step, the base shear and the roof displacement can be plotted to generate the pushover curve. It gives
an idea of the maximum base shear that the structure was capable of resisting at the time of the
earthquake. For regular buildings, it can also give a rough idea about the global stiffness of the
building. The responses obtained from pushover analysis are:
4. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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Fig. 1 Schematic Representation of Pushover Analysis Procedure
Estimates of force and displacement capacities of the structure.
Estimates of force (axial, shear and moment) demands on potentially brittle elements and
deformation demands on ductile elements.
Estimates of global displacement demand, corresponding inter-storey drifts and damages on
structural and non-structural elements expected under the earthquake ground motion considered.
Sequences of the failure of elements and the consequent effect on the overall structural
stability.
Identification of the critical regions, where the inelastic deformations are expected to be high
and identification of strength irregularities (in plan or in elevation) of the building.
In pushover analysis the building is pushed with a specific load distribution pattern along the height
of the building. The magnitude of the total force is increased but the pattern of the loading remains
same till the end of the process. Pushover analysis results (i.e., pushover curve, sequence of member
yielding, building capacity and seismic demand) are very sensitive to the load pattern. The lateral
load patterns should approximate the inertial forces expected in the building during an earthquake.
The distribution of lateral inertial forces determines relative magnitudes of shears, moments, and
deformations within the structure. The building has to be modeled to carry out nonlinear static
pushover analysis. This requires the development of the force - deformation curve for the critical
sections of beams, columns. The force deformation curves in flexure were obtained from the
reinforcement details and were assigned for all the beams and columns.User-defined PMM (PM-M
hinges are assigned at the ends of column members which are subjected to axial force and bending
moments) and M3 (M3 hinges are assigned at the ends of beam members which are subjected to
bending moments) curves are developed using the rotation capacities of members. Target
displacement is the displacement demand for the building at the control node subjected to the ground
motion under consideration. This is a very important parameter in pushover analysis because the
global and component responses (forces and displacement) of the building at the target displacement
are compared with the desired performance limit state to know the building performance. There are
two approaches to calculate target displacement: Displacement Coefficient Method (DCM) of FEMA
356 and Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) of ATC 40. Both of these approaches use pushover
curve to calculate global displacement demand on the building from the response of an equivalent
single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system.
5. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE FRAMED STRUCTURE
A residential building having stilt + 6 floors located in Chennai (Fig. 2) is considered for the
analysis. Each floor contains 6 apartments (total 48 apartments). The building was analysed and
designed for the combination of Dead, Live, Wind and Seismic load. The seismic analysis of the
building was carried out using IS: 1893 – 1984. Geometrical details are,
Length – 42.7m
Width – 18.3m
Height – 21.2m
Dead load due to brick wall, finishes, beam, column & slab are calculated based on the unit
weight of material. Brick load are calculated for height of wall. Live load on floor is 2 kN/m2
& on
Roof is 1.5 kN/m2
. Wind load on the building is calculated as per IS 875 (Part-III).
Seismic load is calculated as per IS: 1893 – 1984.
Seismic Zone = 2
Basic horizontal seismic coeff., αo = 0.02 αh = β I αo
Coefficient, β = 1
Importance Factor, I = 1
Design Hor. Seismic Co-efficient, αh = 0.02 (αh= β I αo)
Time period = 0.47 s (x-dir) & 0.30 s (y-dir)
Co-eff based on flexibility, C = 0.7 (x-dir) & 1.0 (y-dir)
Design Base Shear, Vb = 0.014W (x-dir) & 0.02W (y-dir)
Seismic load is calculated as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) – 2002.
Seismic Zone = 2
Seismic Intensity = 0.1
Importance Factor = 1
Response Reduction Factor = 3
Time period = 0.47 s (x-Dir)
= 0.30 s (y-dir)
Spectral Acceleration, Sa/g = 2.5 (both x & y -Dir)
Design Hor. Seismic Co-efficient = 0.04167
Design Base Shear, Vb = 0.04167W
Seismic load is calculated as per IS: 1893 (Part 1) – 2002.
Seismic Zone = 3
Seismic Intensity = 0.16
Importance Factor = 1
Response Reduction Factor = 3
Time period = 0.47 s (x-Dir)
= 0.30 s (y-dir)
Spectral Acceleration, Sa/g = 2.5 (both x & y -Dir)
Design Hor. Seismic Co-efficient = 0.0667
Design Base Shear, Vb = 0.0667W
Where, W = total dead load + appropriate amount of live load
6. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 28 editor@iaeme.com
Fig. 2 3D View of the Existing Reinforced Building
The pushover analysis of the building is carried out in SAP. Initially the basic model of the
building is created in SAP as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 3D Building Model created in SAP
The properties and acceptance criteria for the pushover hinges are defined for the model.
Several built-in default hinge properties are available for concrete and steel in SAP. Then the
pushover hinges are located in the model by selecting one or more frame members and assigning
them hinge properties. The pushover load cases are defined in the software. First basic static analysis
and dynamic analysis are carried out on the model. Then static non linear pushover analysis is
carried out. The capacity curve of the building along x direction is shown in Fig. 4. The plastic hinge
pattern in the building along one typical duirection (x direction) is given in Table 1.
Fig. 4 Capacity Curve of the Building
7. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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The performance levels are the discrete damage states identified from a continuous spectrum
of possible damage states (Fig. 5). The structural performance levels based on the roof drifts are
labeled as A, B, C, D and E are used to define the force deflection behavior of the hinge. The
performance levels (IO, LS, and CP) of a structural element are represented in the load versus
deformation curve as shown below,
1) A to B – Elastic state,
i) Point ‘A’ corresponds to the unloaded condition.
ii) Point ‘B’ corresponds to the onset of yielding.
2) B to IO- below immediate occupancy,
3) IO to LS – between immediate occupancy & life safety,
4) LS to CP- between life safety to collapse prevention,
5) CP to C – between collapse prevention and ultimate capacity,
i) Point ‘C’ corresponds to the ultimate strength
6) C to D- between C and residual strength,
i) Point ‘D’ corresponds to the residual strength
7) D to E- between D and collapse
i) Point ‘E’ corresponds to the collapse.
Fig. 5 Performance Level of a Structure
Table 1 Plastic hinge pattern for X Direction
The capacity spectrum of structure obtained for x direction for zone II and Zone III is shown
in Fig.6a and 6b. The plastic hinge pattern for the building is shown in Fig. 7a & 7b.
8. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani
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Table 1b
The capacity spectrum of structure obtained for x direction for zone II and Zone III is shown
in Fig.6a and 6b. The plastic hinge pattern for the building is shown in Fig. 7a & 7b.
Fig. 6a
Fig. 6b
Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using
V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated
30
Table 1b Plastic hinge pattern for Y Direction
capacity spectrum of structure obtained for x direction for zone II and Zone III is shown
inge pattern for the building is shown in Fig. 7a & 7b.
Fig. 6a Capacity Spectrum for Zone II
Fig. 6b Capacity Spectrum for Zone III
Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
editor@iaeme.com
capacity spectrum of structure obtained for x direction for zone II and Zone III is shown
inge pattern for the building is shown in Fig. 7a & 7b.
9. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
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www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 31 editor@iaeme.com
Fig. 7a Plastic Hinge Formation X Direction
Fig. 7b Plastic Hinge Formation Y Direction
4.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONS
The existing, 12 year old, 6-storey residential building located in Chennai is analyzed and
designed for different combinations of dead, live, wind and seismic code provisions. After
construction, the seismic code WAS revised with upgradation of seismic zones over many parts of
the country. Hence the qualification of the existing structure under the revised seismic zone has to be
studied. The nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis) is a relatively simple way to explore the
nonlinear behaviour of buildings. Analytical model was created, representing the existing building,
using elastic beam and column members as elastic elements with plastic hinges at their ends.
Analytical models are incorporated to represent inelastic material behaviour and inelastic member
deformations for simulating numerically the post yield behaviour of the structure under expected
seismic load. Pushover analysis is performed on the existing building for both zones (II & III).
Target displacement of the building was 80 mm but the building is analysed for the displacement
upto 200 mm. Pushover parameters were evaluated and compared for both zones.
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
From the analysis it is understood that, the frame is capable of withstanding the presumed
seismic force with some significant yielding at several beams. The results obtained in terms of
demand, capacity and plastic hinges gave an insight into the real behaviour of structure. All the
plastic hinges formed in the beams, columns are within the acceptance criteria of plastic hinge.
Lateral deformations at the performance point are within the target displacement of the structure.
Maximum total drift, maximum inelastic drift, and structural stability does not exceed the limitations
of the performance level, therefore the present building is considered safe against the revised seismic
provisions.
10. Seismic Response of Existing RC Building Under Revised Seismic Zone Classification Using Pushover
Analysis, V.Panneer Selvam, K.Nagamani , Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 32 editor@iaeme.com
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