The document discusses the STP process of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning. It defines segmentation as classifying customers into groups, targeting as evaluating segment attractiveness and selecting segments, and positioning as arranging a product to occupy a clear place in the consumer's mind. The document then provides details on how to conduct segmentation, targeting, and positioning including identifying bases for segmentation, developing selection criteria, and choosing a market coverage strategy.

1. Lesson 15
Lesson 15
Market Segmentation,
Targeting, and Positioning

2. The STP Process
The STP Process
• Segmentation is the process of classifying customers
into groups which share some common characteristic
• Targeting involves the process of evaluating each
segments attractiveness and selecting one or more
segments to enter
• Positioning is arranging for a product to occupy a
clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to
competing products in the mind of the consumer

3. Target Market
Target Market
• A market is a set of all actual and potential buyers
• A target market is a group of people toward whom a
firm markets its goods, services, or ideas with a
strategy designed to satisfy their specific needs and
preferences.
• Any marketing strategy must include a detailed
(specific) description of this.

4. Advantages of Segmentation (pp 164 -- 165)
Advantages of Segmentation (pp 164 165)
1. The process of breaking up a homogeneous market
into heterogeneous segments forces the marketer to
analyse and consider both the needs of the market
and the company’s ability to competently serve those
needs – thereby making the company better informed
about its customers
2. Competitor offerings and marketing positioning must
also be analysed in this context so the company must
consider what its competitive advantages and
disadvantages are, helping it to clarify its own
positioning strategy
3. Limited resources are used to best advantage,
targeted at those segments that offer the best
potential

5. Requirements for Effective Segmentation
Requirements for Effective Segmentation
Measurable
Measurable • Size, purchasing power, profiles
of segments can be measured.
Accessible
Accessible • Segments can be effectively
reached and served.
Substantial
Substantial • Segments are large or
profitable enough to serve.
Differential • Segments must respond
Differential
differently to different marketing
mix elements & programs.
Actionable
Actionable • Effective programs can be
designed to attract and serve
the segments.

6. Steps in Segmentation, Targeting, and
Steps in Segmentation, Targeting, and
Positioning
Positioning
6. Develop Marketing
Mix for Each Target Segment Market
5. Develop Positioning Positioning
for Each Target Segment
4. Select Target
Segment(s) Market
3. Develop Selection Criteria
Targeting
2. Develop Profiles
of Resulting Segments
Market Segmentation
1. Identify Bases
for Segmenting the Market

7. Step 1. Market Segmentation
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Levels of Market Segmentation
Levels of Market Segmentation
Mass Marketing
Mass Marketing
Same product to all consumers
Same product to all consumers
(no segmentation)
(no segmentation)
Segment Marketing
Segment Marketing
Different products to one or more segments
Different products to one or more segments
(some segmentation)
(some segmentation)
Niche Marketing
Niche Marketing
Different products to subgroups within segments
Different products to subgroups within segments
(more segmentation)
(more segmentation)
Micromarketing
Micromarketing
Products to suit the tastes of individuals and locations
Products to suit the tastes of individuals and locations
(complete segmentation)
(complete segmentation)
Local Marketing Individual Marketing
Tailoring brands/ promotions Tailoring products/ programs
to local customer groups to individual customers

8. Step 1. Market Segmentation
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Bases for Segmenting Consumer
Bases for Segmenting Consumer
Markets
Markets
Geographic
Nations, states,
regions or cities
Demographic
Age, gender, family size
and life cycle,
or income
Psychographic
Social class, lifestyle,
or personality
Behavioural
Occasions, benefits
sought, user status,
usage rate, loyalty

9. Step 1. Market Segmentation
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Bases for Segmenting Business Markets
Bases for Segmenting Business Markets
Personal Demographics
Characteristics
Bases
Bases
for Segmenting
for Segmenting
Business
Business
Situational Operating
Factors Markets
Markets Characteristics
Purchasing
Approaches

10. Segmenting Business
Segmenting Business
Markets
Markets
• Segmentation by customer size or geographic location
• Four segments of business customers
– Programmed buyers
– Relationship buyers
– Transaction buyers
– Bargain hunters

11. Step 1. Market Segmentation
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Bases for Segmenting International Markets
Bases for Segmenting International Markets
Industrial Markets
Industrial Markets
Political/
Political/
Geographic
Geographic Economic
Economic Legal
Legal
Cultural
Cultural Intermarket
Intermarket

12. Linking the Concepts
Linking the Concepts
• Using the segmentation bases you’ve just
heard about, segment the Irish clothing
market.
>Describe each of the major segments and
subsegments.

13. Step 2. Market Targeting
Step 2. Market Targeting
Evaluating Market Segments (developing
Evaluating Market Segments (developing
selection criteria)
selection criteria)
• Segment Size and Growth
– Analyze sales, growth rates and expected profitability for
various segments.
• Segment Structural Attractiveness
– Consider effects of: Competitors, Availability of Substitute
Products and, the Power of Buyers & Suppliers.
• Company Objectives and Resources
– Company skills & resources relative to the segment(s).
– Look for Competitive Advantages.

14. Step 2. Market Targeting
Step 2. Market Targeting
Market Coverage Strategies
Market Coverage Strategies
Company
Company
Marketing
Marketing Market
Market
Mix
Mix
A. Undifferentiated Marketing
Company
Company
Marketing Mix 1 Segment 1
Segment 1
Marketing Mix 1
Company
Company Segment 2
Segment 2
Marketing Mix 2
Marketing Mix 2
Company
Company Segment 3
Segment 3
Marketing Mix 3
Marketing Mix 3
B. Differentiated Marketing
Segment 1
Segment 1
Company
Company
Marketing
Marketing Segment 2
Mix Segment 2
Mix
Segment 3
Segment 3
C. Concentrated Marketing

15. Step 2. Market Targeting
Step 2. Market Targeting
Choosing a Market-Coverage Strategy
Choosing a Market-Coverage Strategy
Company
Resources
Product
Variability
Product’s Life-Cycle
Stage
Market
Variability
Competitors’
Marketing Strategies

16. Linking the Concepts
Linking the Concepts
• At the last ‘linking the concepts’, you segmented
the Irish clothing market.
> Now, pick two companies that serve this market and
describe their segmentation and targeting strategies.
> Can you come up with one that targets many different
segments versus another that focuses on only one or
a few segments?
• How does each company you choose
differentiate its marketing offer and image?
• How has each done a good job of establishing
this differentiation in the minds of targeted
consumers?

17. Step 3. Positioning for Competitive
Step 3. Positioning for Competitive
Advantage
Advantage
• Product’s Position - the way the product is
defined by consumers on important
attributes - the place the product occupies
in consumers’ minds relative to competing
products.
• Marketers must:
– Plan positions to give their products the
greatest advantage in selected target markets,
– Design marketing mixes to create these
planned positions.

18. Step 3. Positioning for Competitive
Step 3. Positioning for Competitive
Advantage: Strategies
Advantage: Strategies
Product
Product Product
Product
Class
Class Attributes
Attributes
Away from
Away from Benefits
Benefits
Competitors
Competitors H
GG Offered
Offered
H CC
AA
D
Against a
Against a EE
B
D
Usage
Usage
B
Competitor
Competitor
FF
Occasions
Occasions
User Class
User Class

19. Steps to Choosing and Implementing
Steps to Choosing and Implementing
a Positioning Strategy
a Positioning Strategy
• Step 1. Identifying Possible Competitive
Advantages: Competitive Differentiation.
• Step 2. Selecting the Right Competitive
Advantage: Unique Selling Proposition (USP).
• Step 3. Communicating and Delivering the
Chosen Position.
• Step 4. Support the positioning strategy with a
unique marketing mix

20. Developing Competitive
Developing Competitive
Differentiation
Differentiation
Product
Product Service
Service
Areas for Competitive
Areas for Competitive
Differentiation
Differentiation
Image
Image People
People

21. Selecting the Right Competitive
Selecting the Right Competitive
Advantages
Advantages
Important
Important
Profitable
Profitable Criteria
Criteria Distinctive
Distinctive
for
for
Determining
Determining
Which
Which
Differences
Differences
Affordable
Affordable to
to Superior
Superior
Promote
Promote
Preemptive
Preemptive Communicable
Communicable

22. Step 4 – Supporting the
Step 4 – Supporting the
positioning strategy
positioning strategy
• At this stage the company has decided on its
positioning strategy and must now design a marketing
mix to support this strategy. The next part of the
course looks at ‘Developing the Marketing Mix’