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A Template For Marketing Strategy




This part provides a template for developing a marketing strategy for the smaller organization. The format is a
workbook style with many forms to help provide a solid guide for executing the strategy concepts discussed
earlier. The forms are a shorthand way to get started but they should be supplemented with more detailed dis-
cussion. They provide the backbone to one process. A complete marketing strategy document will be in much
more detail than provided by the forms and questions. You will want to refer to the text for a detailed discus-
sion of the concepts before filling in the forms.

The outlines may be done by one individual or by a group. No matter who fills in the forms, they must repre-
sent the wisdom of one organization and there must be a consensus among the organization of what is written.
Without agreement on some of the basic marketing facts and assumptions, it will be virtually impossible to
develop consensus later as to what direction the company should take.

Any strategy development must be based on an understanding of the company’s situation with reference to the
internal environment and the external environment. The marketing strategy is about managing from the
outside to the inside. A proper situation analysis provides the background and foundation for the strategic
direction.

The starting point is to understand the driving forces in the environment or industry that the company operates
in.
OVERVIEW OF MARKET ANALYSIS*




      •       CHARACTERISTICS
      •       SALES POTENTIAL
      •       SHARE ESTIMATE
      •       PROFIT FROM SERVING




*   The author is grateful for Dr. Michael Mayo’s contribution of the “Overview of Marketing Strategy” and
    the ”Overview of Market Analysis” outlined in the Template for Marketing Strategy. (Dr. Mayo is the
    Associate Dean, School of Business Management, Ryerson Polytechnic University.)
Driving Forces and Implications for the Company in Order of Magnitude of Effect



1.Driving Force:                            implication/impact:




2.Driving Force:                            implication/impact:




3.Driving Force:                            implication/impact:




4.Driving Force:                            implication/impact:




5.Driving Force:                            implication/impact:




6. Driving Force:                           implication/impact:
Market Analysis
We have already completed the first level of analysis in identifying the driving forces that lead to changes in
our industry.

The next step is to analyze individual consumers (individuals, and organizations) and to set out our primary
and secondary segments or target markets.

                                  Customer Need Analysis
                Key Customer Groups                      Customer Needs
                (Segments)
    1.                                                      1.




    2.                                                      2.




    3.                                                      3.




     4.                                                    4.




    5.                                                      5.
Product/Service Analysis

     Product/Service                                       Benefit

1.                                                 1.



2.                                                 2.



3.                                                 3.




4.                                                 4.



                               Target Segments on Order of Priority

Now match the needs of the customer segments with the benefits of the product /service.

Prime Market:                                              Secondary Market:



Tertiary Market:                                           Peripheral Market:




Describe the characteristic of the target groups in a little more detail in order to understand the scope
of the markets:


Target Group: Primary Market
Characteristics:



Sales Potential:
Share Estimate:



Target Group: Secondary Market
Characteristics:


Sales Potential:



Share Estimate:




Target Market: Tertiary Market
Characteristics:



Sales Potential:



Share Estimate:




Target Market: Peripheral
Market
Characteristics:



Sales Potential:




Share Estimate:
Research

Information is not always available from secondary sources but only from primary sources. A list of
needs with cost estimates may identify gaps.
 Information Needed                          Source                      Cost

1.


2.


3.



                                        Competitive Analysis

The first step is to identify the competition and analyze their strengths and weakness.

     Competitor                               Strength                      Weakness

1.



2.



3.



4.



5.
Competitive Price Analysis

             Price                       Price             Price
Competitor   Product/Service             Product/Service   Product/Service
Competitive Analysis


Key Success Factors

Product/Service Offering

ProductlService Service

Product/Service Quality

Cost

Management

Marketing Skills

Marketing Effort

Technology

Sales Force

Distribution

Pricing

Manufacturing

Financial Strength

Location

Promotion/Advertising

Total


Scale

4 = Best       3 = Good    2 = Fair   1 =Poor
Organizational Analysis
This is the internal situation analysis. We need to know our internal strengths and weaknesses and where we
stand in terms of being able to compete effectively in the marketplace. We also need to know our capacity to
take advantage of opportunities.

To start with, a listing of the past five years’ performance provides the sketch of the past successes.

                                                  Evaluators




1.   Market Share
a.   Company
b.   Product A
c.   Product B
d.   Product C

2. Gross Sales

3. Gross Profit

4. Net Profit (before tax)

5.   Gross Margin
a.   Company
b.   Product A
c.   Product B
d.   Product C

6. Return on investment

7.   Marketing Costs
a.   Administration
b.   Sales
c.   Communications

8. Quality Ratings (if
   available)
9. Customer Ratings (if
   available)
S.W.O.T. Analysis


The quickest way to get to a qualitative assessment of the company is via the strength, weakness,
opportunity and threat analysis (S.W.O.T.).

Strengths




Weaknesses




Opportunities




Threats
Identification of the
                  Company’s Competitive Advantage


Competitive Advantages (current)




Competitive Advantages (to be developed)




                  Issues that the Organization Needs
              to Address Based on the Situation Analysis


                                                           2.
1.




                                                           4.
3.




5.
Generic Options for
                    Marketing Strategy




Low Cost Producer




Differentiator




Niche Player




Local



Country Wide



North America



International
Mission

A mission statement is a brief statement describing the purpose of the organization. One needs to be
developed and there has to be a high level of subscription to it within the organization. The marketing strategy
must be congruent with the mission of the organization.
Our mission is:




                                                  Objectives

There must be some goals and objectives to focus the strategy. There are three levels that need to be devel-
oped—overall company objectives, marketing objectives and financial objectives. Depending on specific cir-
cumstances, these objectives may be divided into short or long—term objectives.


Overall Company Objectives:
       1.                                                 2.




        3.                                                4.




        5.



Marketing Objectives:
      1.                                                  2.



        3.                                                4.



        5.
Financial Objectives:

1.                                                        2.


3.                                                        4.


5.




                                                    Strategy

The first thing to do is to analyze the options and decide where the strategy is heading. In a general way, there
are four directions:


                                          Current Product/Service              New Product/Service
Present Market                                                             I                                    II




New Market                                                               III                                   IV




1. Risk/opportunities in Quadrant I




2. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant II




3. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant III



4. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant IV
Direction in Order of Preference

1.                                          2.




3.                                          4.




                                                   The Choices

Marketing strategies are statements of the direction of the company’s marketing effort. Four choices must
be made1:

     1. The chosen market and target segments.




     2. The market position and value provided to the selected market.




     3.   The distribution channels to be used to reach the market.




     4.   A list of the activities to be undertaken in order to support the direction taken.




1.adapted   from George S. Day “Marker Driven Strategy”. The Free Press, 1990
Statement of Investments Needed
                      to Implement the Strategy


1. Capital funds




2. Human capital




3. Expenses




                    Budget to Carry Out Strategy
Organizational Structure to Carry Out Strategy




Marketing Revenue and Expense Forecast Based on New Strategy
Action Needed to Create a Market Strategy Supported Culture


  1.


   2.



   3.



   4.



   5.



                                                   Tactics

Tactics have traditionally been summarized by four variables: price, promotion, product and place (4 P’s). The
following is a good start in developing tactics.

Product/Service

        1. Description                       .               2. Sales Forecast:




        3. Objectives:                               4. Position:




        5. Opportunities                              6. Threats
Price

        1. Objectives       2. Cost




        3. Price Strategy




Promotion

1.      Communication

a)      objectives          b) budget




C)      theme               d) media




2.   Sales Force

a) objectives                b) budget
c)        structure            d) territories




e)        reward structure




Distribution

     1.      Objectives




     2.      Channel members

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Marketing Strategy Templates

  • 1. A Template For Marketing Strategy This part provides a template for developing a marketing strategy for the smaller organization. The format is a workbook style with many forms to help provide a solid guide for executing the strategy concepts discussed earlier. The forms are a shorthand way to get started but they should be supplemented with more detailed dis- cussion. They provide the backbone to one process. A complete marketing strategy document will be in much more detail than provided by the forms and questions. You will want to refer to the text for a detailed discus- sion of the concepts before filling in the forms. The outlines may be done by one individual or by a group. No matter who fills in the forms, they must repre- sent the wisdom of one organization and there must be a consensus among the organization of what is written. Without agreement on some of the basic marketing facts and assumptions, it will be virtually impossible to develop consensus later as to what direction the company should take. Any strategy development must be based on an understanding of the company’s situation with reference to the internal environment and the external environment. The marketing strategy is about managing from the outside to the inside. A proper situation analysis provides the background and foundation for the strategic direction. The starting point is to understand the driving forces in the environment or industry that the company operates in.
  • 2.
  • 3. OVERVIEW OF MARKET ANALYSIS* • CHARACTERISTICS • SALES POTENTIAL • SHARE ESTIMATE • PROFIT FROM SERVING * The author is grateful for Dr. Michael Mayo’s contribution of the “Overview of Marketing Strategy” and the ”Overview of Market Analysis” outlined in the Template for Marketing Strategy. (Dr. Mayo is the Associate Dean, School of Business Management, Ryerson Polytechnic University.)
  • 4. Driving Forces and Implications for the Company in Order of Magnitude of Effect 1.Driving Force: implication/impact: 2.Driving Force: implication/impact: 3.Driving Force: implication/impact: 4.Driving Force: implication/impact: 5.Driving Force: implication/impact: 6. Driving Force: implication/impact:
  • 5. Market Analysis We have already completed the first level of analysis in identifying the driving forces that lead to changes in our industry. The next step is to analyze individual consumers (individuals, and organizations) and to set out our primary and secondary segments or target markets. Customer Need Analysis Key Customer Groups Customer Needs (Segments) 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5.
  • 6. Product/Service Analysis Product/Service Benefit 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. Target Segments on Order of Priority Now match the needs of the customer segments with the benefits of the product /service. Prime Market: Secondary Market: Tertiary Market: Peripheral Market: Describe the characteristic of the target groups in a little more detail in order to understand the scope of the markets: Target Group: Primary Market Characteristics: Sales Potential:
  • 7. Share Estimate: Target Group: Secondary Market Characteristics: Sales Potential: Share Estimate: Target Market: Tertiary Market Characteristics: Sales Potential: Share Estimate: Target Market: Peripheral Market Characteristics: Sales Potential: Share Estimate:
  • 8. Research Information is not always available from secondary sources but only from primary sources. A list of needs with cost estimates may identify gaps. Information Needed Source Cost 1. 2. 3. Competitive Analysis The first step is to identify the competition and analyze their strengths and weakness. Competitor Strength Weakness 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
  • 9. Competitive Price Analysis Price Price Price Competitor Product/Service Product/Service Product/Service
  • 10. Competitive Analysis Key Success Factors Product/Service Offering ProductlService Service Product/Service Quality Cost Management Marketing Skills Marketing Effort Technology Sales Force Distribution Pricing Manufacturing Financial Strength Location Promotion/Advertising Total Scale 4 = Best 3 = Good 2 = Fair 1 =Poor
  • 11. Organizational Analysis This is the internal situation analysis. We need to know our internal strengths and weaknesses and where we stand in terms of being able to compete effectively in the marketplace. We also need to know our capacity to take advantage of opportunities. To start with, a listing of the past five years’ performance provides the sketch of the past successes. Evaluators 1. Market Share a. Company b. Product A c. Product B d. Product C 2. Gross Sales 3. Gross Profit 4. Net Profit (before tax) 5. Gross Margin a. Company b. Product A c. Product B d. Product C 6. Return on investment 7. Marketing Costs a. Administration b. Sales c. Communications 8. Quality Ratings (if available) 9. Customer Ratings (if available)
  • 12. S.W.O.T. Analysis The quickest way to get to a qualitative assessment of the company is via the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis (S.W.O.T.). Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
  • 13. Identification of the Company’s Competitive Advantage Competitive Advantages (current) Competitive Advantages (to be developed) Issues that the Organization Needs to Address Based on the Situation Analysis 2. 1. 4. 3. 5.
  • 14. Generic Options for Marketing Strategy Low Cost Producer Differentiator Niche Player Local Country Wide North America International
  • 15. Mission A mission statement is a brief statement describing the purpose of the organization. One needs to be developed and there has to be a high level of subscription to it within the organization. The marketing strategy must be congruent with the mission of the organization. Our mission is: Objectives There must be some goals and objectives to focus the strategy. There are three levels that need to be devel- oped—overall company objectives, marketing objectives and financial objectives. Depending on specific cir- cumstances, these objectives may be divided into short or long—term objectives. Overall Company Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Marketing Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
  • 16. Financial Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strategy The first thing to do is to analyze the options and decide where the strategy is heading. In a general way, there are four directions: Current Product/Service New Product/Service Present Market I II New Market III IV 1. Risk/opportunities in Quadrant I 2. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant II 3. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant III 4. Risk/Opportunities in Quadrant IV
  • 17. Direction in Order of Preference 1. 2. 3. 4. The Choices Marketing strategies are statements of the direction of the company’s marketing effort. Four choices must be made1: 1. The chosen market and target segments. 2. The market position and value provided to the selected market. 3. The distribution channels to be used to reach the market. 4. A list of the activities to be undertaken in order to support the direction taken. 1.adapted from George S. Day “Marker Driven Strategy”. The Free Press, 1990
  • 18. Statement of Investments Needed to Implement the Strategy 1. Capital funds 2. Human capital 3. Expenses Budget to Carry Out Strategy
  • 19. Organizational Structure to Carry Out Strategy Marketing Revenue and Expense Forecast Based on New Strategy
  • 20. Action Needed to Create a Market Strategy Supported Culture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tactics Tactics have traditionally been summarized by four variables: price, promotion, product and place (4 P’s). The following is a good start in developing tactics. Product/Service 1. Description . 2. Sales Forecast: 3. Objectives: 4. Position: 5. Opportunities 6. Threats
  • 21. Price 1. Objectives 2. Cost 3. Price Strategy Promotion 1. Communication a) objectives b) budget C) theme d) media 2. Sales Force a) objectives b) budget
  • 22. c) structure d) territories e) reward structure Distribution 1. Objectives 2. Channel members