This document summarizes a seminar on secure and efficient data transmission for cluster-based wireless sensor networks. It introduces wireless sensor networks and describes their centralized and hierarchical network architectures. It reviews previous work on the LEACH clustering protocol and its pros and cons. It then proposes two new secure transmission protocols called SET-IBS and SET-IBOOS that use identity-based signatures and offline/online signatures respectively to authenticate data transmitted between sensor nodes and cluster heads. The document analyzes the performance and security of the proposed protocols and discusses their applications and potential for future work.

1. A SEMINAR ON
SECURE AND EFFICIENT DATA TRANSMISSION
FOR CLUSTER-BASED WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS
By
DeePak M. Birajdar (2015MCS006)
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. S.S.Solapure

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Literature review
 Previous Work
 Objectives
 Proposed Work
 Analysis
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
What is Wireless Sensor Network ?
 WSN is a Network System that
monitor physical or environmental
conditions.
 A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
consists of base stations and a
number of wireless sensors (nodes).
Fig Architecture of sensor node

4. Contd..
Types of WSN
 Central – Set of node act as source nodes and sink node
controls all source nodes.
 Hierarchical – The network is grouped into clusters.

5. Centralized Network
There are two different types of nodes - source node and sink nodes

6. Hierarchical Network
Fig A Fig B

7. Clustering In WSN
 Every cluster has leader sensor node called Cluster-head
(CH).
 CH aggregate data by leaf node in cluster send to base
station (BS).
 Used to achieve the Scalability and management
 Maximize node lifetime and reduce the b/w consumption.

8. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1]
S. Sharma and S.K. Jena, “Secure Hierarchical Routing
Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Int’l Conf.
Comm., Computing & Security (ICCCS), pp. 146-151,
2011.[2]
Hierarchical or cluster-base routing
protocol for WSNs is the most energy-
efficient among other routing protocols.
[2] A.A. Abbasi and M. Younis, “A Survey on Clustering
Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks,”Computer Comm.,
vol. 30, nos. 14/ 15, pp. 2826-2841, 2007[3]
Clustering is introduced to WSNs because it
has proven to be an effective approach to
provide better data aggregation and scalability
for large WSNs.
[3]
A. Shamir, “Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature
Schemes,” Proc. Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), pp. 47-
53,[4]
The scheme assumes the existence of trusted
key generation centres , whose sole purpose is
t o give each user a personalized smart card
when he first join the network.

9. Previous Work
LEACH Protocol [6]

10. Two Phase of LEACH

11. During Set up Phase
 Sink node broadcast message to all nodes.
 Node generate
random number(RN)
 Node have RN<T(n)
become Cluster Head

12. During Steady-state phase
 Broadcasting message to all other node from CH.
 Node other than CH determine which cluster they belong.

13. Cluster formation
 Leaf node transmit sensed
information to CH.
 CH then transmit data to sink
Node.
 Adaptive clustering for
energy balancing

14. Pros and Cons of LEACH
Pros
 it is Powerful and simple.
 Network lifetime increased.
 Reduce the traffic on sink node as compare to flat topology.

15. Cons
 Failure of CHs leads to lack of robustness.
 Selection of CH is random, which does not consider energy Consumption.
 Does not work well in large scale networks.
 There is no fixed routing path with less energy Consumption.

16. Objective
 The objective of the secure data transmission for CWSNs is to
guarantee a secure and efficient data transmission between leaf
nodes and CHs, as well as transmission between CHs and the BS.

17. SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS
Proposed Work
 SET-IBS.
Secure and efficient data transmission by using the identity-based digital
signature.
 SET-IBOOS
Secure and efficient data transmission by using the identity-based
online/offline digital signature.

18. SET-IBS
 Protocol Initialization
 Key Management For Security
 Protocol Operation

19. Contd…
Protocol Initialization
 Time is divided into successive time intervals from the TDMA control.
Time stamps Ts for BS-to-node communication and by tj for leaf-to-CH
communication
 corresponding private pairing parameters are preloaded in the sensor
nodes

20.  Use the additively homomorphic encryption scheme in [5]
to encrypt the plaintext of sensed data
 This scheme allows efficient aggregation of encrypted data at the CHs
and the BS

21.  In the protocol initialization, the BS performs the following operations of key
predistribution to all the sensor nodes
 Generate the pairing parameters (p, q, E/Fp,G1 ,G2, e)
Select a generator P of G1 randomly
 Choose two cryptographic hash functions: H, hash function which maps strings to
elements in G1, h for mapping arbitrary inputs to fixed-length outputs.

22.  Pick the random integer ┬ € Z* as the master key msk , set Ppub = ┬ P as
the network public key
 Preload each sensor node with the security parameters
 Param = (k,m,p, q, E/Fp,G1 ,G2, e,H,h,P, ┬ )

23. Key Management
 leaf sensor node j transmits a message m to its CH i
 encrypts the data using the encryption key k from the
additively homomorphic encryption scheme [5].
 It contain three operation
-Extraction
-Signature signing
-Verification

24. Extraction
Node j first obtains its private key as sekj = ┬ H(Idj || tj )
Signature signing
 The sensor node j picks a random number αj € Z* and compute
θj =e(P,P) αj
 Sensor node compute
cj =h(Cj || tj || θj )
бj = cj sekj + αj P
 Where< бj || cj > is the digital signature of node j on the
encrypted message Cj.

25. Verification
 Upon receiving the message, each sensor node verifies the
authenticity
 It checks the time stamp of current time interval tj
 if the time stamp is correct, the sensor node further computes
using the time stamp of current time interval tj.

26. the formula below if the received message is authentic
If h( Cj || tj || θj
’ )= h( Cj || tj || θj )= cj then considered message is authentic.
If the verification above fails then considered message is not authentic.

27. Protocol Operation
 After the protocol initialization and key management for security , SET-
IBS operates in round during communication
 Each round consist two phases
 Setup Phase
 Stedy -State Phase

29. SET-IBOOS
 To reduce the computation and storage costs of signature signing
processing in the IBS scheme, we improve SET-IBS by introducing IBOOS
for security in SET-IBOOS
 The SET-IBOOS protocol is designed with the same purpose and scenarios
for CWSNs with higher efficiency
 Protocol Initialization – It is similar to that of SET-IBS
 Key Management For Security
 Protocol Operation

30. Key Management
 Extraction
 offline signing
 Online signing
 Verification

31.  Extraction:- Same as that in the IBS scheme.
 Offline Signing
store the knowledge for signing online signature when it sends the message ,node j
generates the offline value < б^
j>
 Online Signing :-
Node j computes the online signature < б^
j, Zj>
based on the encrypted data Cj and the offline signature б^
j
online signature, in the form of
< Idj, tj, Rj , б j ,Zj, Cj>
 Verification : Upon receiving the message, each sensor node verifies the authenticity It
checks the time stamp of current time interval tj

32. Operation

33. Analysis
 Results demonstrate that the proposed SET IBS
and SET-IBOOS protocols consume energy
faster than LEACH protocol because of the
communication and computational overhead
for security of either IBS or IBOOS process

34. Security Analysis
 Attack Models
Passive Attacks on Wireless Channel
Active Attacks on Wireless Channel
Sinkhole
bogus and replayed routing information attack

35. Solutions to Attacks
 Passive Attacks - The sensed data are encrypted by the
homomorphic encryption scheme from [5], which deals with
eavesdropping.
 Active Attack - attackers do not have valid digital signature.

36. Applications

37. Conclusion
 The main goal is concerning clustering protocols to minimize
the energy consumption of each node, and maximize the
network lifetime of wireless sensor networks
 The protocols SET-IBS have better performance than the
existing secure protocols for CWSN.

38. Future Scope
• Reduces the computational overhead for protocol security.
• To maximize the life time of sensor nodes.
• To provide more secure way of data transmission in WSN.

39. Refrences
[1] “Secure and Efficient Data Transmission for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks” H. Lu; J. Li; M. Guizani
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.
[2] S. Sharma and S.K. Jena, “A Survey on Secure Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Int’l
Conf.Comm., Computing & Security (ICCCS), pp. 146-151, 2011.
[3] A.A. Abbasi and M. Younis, “A Survey on Clustering Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks,”Computer Comm., vol. 30, nos. 14/ 15, pp. 2826-2841,
2007
[4] A. Shamir, “Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes,” Proc. Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), pp. 47-53,
[5] C. Castelluccia, E. Mykletun, and G. Tsudik, “Efficient Aggregation of Encrypted Data in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Second
Ann. Int’l Conf. Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services (MobiQuitous), pp. 109-117, 2005.
[6] Wireless Sensor Network Remote Triggered Virtual Labs At AMRITA UNIVERSITY (Wireless Remote Sensing, Experimentation,
Monitoring and Administration Lab) http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=78&brch=256&sim=1558&cnt=1