The document provides instructions on proper storage and handling of materials used in brickwork construction such as bricks, cement, and other tools. It discusses storing bricks on an elevated platform to prevent damage, and storing cement in water-tight structures off the ground. First-in-first-out should be followed for cement. Defective materials should be removed from the site. The document then explains different types of brick bonds like header, stretcher, English and Flemish bonds used in wall construction. Finally, it outlines the step-by-step procedure for brickwork including surface preparation, mixing mortar, laying bricks in proper bond and curing.
Ct & bm & mea assignment brickwall reportSheng Zhe
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. Key steps include laying a concrete foundation, attaching string as a guide for brick layers, applying mortar between bricks using a trowel, and smoothing plaster on the finished wall. Important materials include clay bricks, mortar made of cement, lime and sand, and a cement sand plaster. Tools used include trowels, hawks to hold plaster, spirit levels, and a concrete mixer to prepare mortar and plaster.
1) The document is a site visit report submitted by Louise Fong for an integrated assignment on measurement, construction technology, and building materials.
2) It includes an introduction, sections on brick wall construction content and technical observations, objectives, and a conclusion.
3) The report describes the process of brick wall construction including planning, preparing mortar, laying bricks, cutting bricks as needed, and finishing work. It also lists the materials, equipment, and tools used.
A 4 Days Site Visit Report on Green Building Constructing in DEI I Sustainabl...Gaurav Verma
This report presents how bamboos can be used to construct a Green building. It also covers treatment of bamboos, detailing of bamboo columns, roof trusses, timber beams, and floor construction.
This document provides an overview of a multi-story residential building project constructed by the Rajasthan Housing Board. It discusses the project details, company overview, construction materials used including cement, aggregates, reinforcement, foundation preparation, equipment, brick masonry bonds, plastering, and building bylaws. The presentation covers the construction process and materials in detail to familiarize the trainee with multi-story building construction.
Brick masonry, stone masonry and its manufacturingAdarshChatra1
Brick masonry is made of brick units bonded together with
mortar
• Components: i) Bricks ii) Mortar
• Mortar Act as a cementing material and units the individual
brick units together to act as a homogeneous mass
Cement mortar
Mud mortar
Lime mortar
Lime-surkhi mortar
1.Stretcher
• Brick laid with its length parallel to the front or direction of a wall.
• The course containing stretchers is called a stretcher course
2.Header
• Brick laid with its breadth or width parallel to the front or direction of the wall.
• Course containing headers is called a header course
3.Arrises
• Edges formed by the intersection of plane surfaces of brick
4. Bed
• Lower surface of the brick when laid flat
5. Bed joint
• Horizontal layer of mortar upon which the bricks are
laid
6. Perpends
• Vertical joints separating bricks in either length or cross directions
• For good bond, perpends in alternate courses should be vertically one
above the other
7. Lap
• Horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses
• For good bond, lap should not be less than one-fourth of a brick
8. Closer
• Piece of brick with the cut made longitudinally used to close
up the bond at the end of brick courses
• Helps in preventing the joints of successive courses to come
in a vertical line
• Generally closer is not specially moulded but it is
prepared by the mason with the edge of the trowel
9. Queen closer
• Obtained by cutting the brick longitudinally
in 2 equal parts
10. King closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of the brick such that half a header
and half a stretcher are obtained on adjoining cut faces
• Used near door and window openings
11. Bevelled closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of half the width but of full length
• Used for splayed brickwork
12. Mitred closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of the brick through its width and
making an angle of 45-60 degree with the length of brick
• Used at corners, junctions etc.
13. Bat
• It is portion of brick cut across the width
14.Bullnose
• Brick moulded with a rounded angle
• Used for a rounded quoin
external angle on the face side of wall
15.Cownose
• Brick moulded with a double bullnose on end
16. Frog
• Is a mark of depth about 10-20mm which is placed
brick to form a key for holding the mortar
Method of arranging the bricks in courses
• Individual units are tied together and the vertical joints of the successive
courses do not lie in same vertical line
• Bond types are distinguished by their elevation
• Bond types:
i. Stretcher bond v. English cross bond
ii. Header bond vi. Dutch bond
iii. English bond vii. Brick on edge bond
iv. Flemish bond viii. Raking bond
ix. Garden wall bond
1. Stretcher bond
• All bricks are laid with their lengths in the longitudinal direction of the
wall; Thickness = half brick
• Only stretcher is visible in elevation
• Use: partition wall, sleeper walls
2. Header bond
• All bricks are laid as headers towards the face of the wall.
• Suitable for one b
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
Masonry involves constructing walls and other structures using masonry units like bricks, stones, or concrete blocks bonded together with mortar. There are different types of bonds used - stretcher bond involves laying all bricks as stretchers, header bond uses headers, and English bond and Flemish bond alternate headers and stretchers in courses. Proper bonding eliminates continuous vertical joints and strengthens the masonry structure. Stone masonry can be rubble masonry using roughly shaped stones or ashlar masonry with finely dressed stones.
Ct & bm & mea assignment brickwall reportSheng Zhe
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. Key steps include laying a concrete foundation, attaching string as a guide for brick layers, applying mortar between bricks using a trowel, and smoothing plaster on the finished wall. Important materials include clay bricks, mortar made of cement, lime and sand, and a cement sand plaster. Tools used include trowels, hawks to hold plaster, spirit levels, and a concrete mixer to prepare mortar and plaster.
1) The document is a site visit report submitted by Louise Fong for an integrated assignment on measurement, construction technology, and building materials.
2) It includes an introduction, sections on brick wall construction content and technical observations, objectives, and a conclusion.
3) The report describes the process of brick wall construction including planning, preparing mortar, laying bricks, cutting bricks as needed, and finishing work. It also lists the materials, equipment, and tools used.
A 4 Days Site Visit Report on Green Building Constructing in DEI I Sustainabl...Gaurav Verma
This report presents how bamboos can be used to construct a Green building. It also covers treatment of bamboos, detailing of bamboo columns, roof trusses, timber beams, and floor construction.
This document provides an overview of a multi-story residential building project constructed by the Rajasthan Housing Board. It discusses the project details, company overview, construction materials used including cement, aggregates, reinforcement, foundation preparation, equipment, brick masonry bonds, plastering, and building bylaws. The presentation covers the construction process and materials in detail to familiarize the trainee with multi-story building construction.
Brick masonry, stone masonry and its manufacturingAdarshChatra1
Brick masonry is made of brick units bonded together with
mortar
• Components: i) Bricks ii) Mortar
• Mortar Act as a cementing material and units the individual
brick units together to act as a homogeneous mass
Cement mortar
Mud mortar
Lime mortar
Lime-surkhi mortar
1.Stretcher
• Brick laid with its length parallel to the front or direction of a wall.
• The course containing stretchers is called a stretcher course
2.Header
• Brick laid with its breadth or width parallel to the front or direction of the wall.
• Course containing headers is called a header course
3.Arrises
• Edges formed by the intersection of plane surfaces of brick
4. Bed
• Lower surface of the brick when laid flat
5. Bed joint
• Horizontal layer of mortar upon which the bricks are
laid
6. Perpends
• Vertical joints separating bricks in either length or cross directions
• For good bond, perpends in alternate courses should be vertically one
above the other
7. Lap
• Horizontal distance between the vertical joints in successive courses
• For good bond, lap should not be less than one-fourth of a brick
8. Closer
• Piece of brick with the cut made longitudinally used to close
up the bond at the end of brick courses
• Helps in preventing the joints of successive courses to come
in a vertical line
• Generally closer is not specially moulded but it is
prepared by the mason with the edge of the trowel
9. Queen closer
• Obtained by cutting the brick longitudinally
in 2 equal parts
10. King closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of the brick such that half a header
and half a stretcher are obtained on adjoining cut faces
• Used near door and window openings
11. Bevelled closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of half the width but of full length
• Used for splayed brickwork
12. Mitred closer
• Obtained by cutting a triangular portion of the brick through its width and
making an angle of 45-60 degree with the length of brick
• Used at corners, junctions etc.
13. Bat
• It is portion of brick cut across the width
14.Bullnose
• Brick moulded with a rounded angle
• Used for a rounded quoin
external angle on the face side of wall
15.Cownose
• Brick moulded with a double bullnose on end
16. Frog
• Is a mark of depth about 10-20mm which is placed
brick to form a key for holding the mortar
Method of arranging the bricks in courses
• Individual units are tied together and the vertical joints of the successive
courses do not lie in same vertical line
• Bond types are distinguished by their elevation
• Bond types:
i. Stretcher bond v. English cross bond
ii. Header bond vi. Dutch bond
iii. English bond vii. Brick on edge bond
iv. Flemish bond viii. Raking bond
ix. Garden wall bond
1. Stretcher bond
• All bricks are laid with their lengths in the longitudinal direction of the
wall; Thickness = half brick
• Only stretcher is visible in elevation
• Use: partition wall, sleeper walls
2. Header bond
• All bricks are laid as headers towards the face of the wall.
• Suitable for one b
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
Masonry involves constructing walls and other structures using masonry units like bricks, stones, or concrete blocks bonded together with mortar. There are different types of bonds used - stretcher bond involves laying all bricks as stretchers, header bond uses headers, and English bond and Flemish bond alternate headers and stretchers in courses. Proper bonding eliminates continuous vertical joints and strengthens the masonry structure. Stone masonry can be rubble masonry using roughly shaped stones or ashlar masonry with finely dressed stones.
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. It discusses the types of bonding used in brickwork, including stretcher bond, Flemish bond, and English bond. It also outlines the materials used, including clay bricks, concrete bricks, and mortar. The method of construction is explained in 20 steps, covering preparing the foundation, laying each row of bricks, and finishing the wall. Machineries like concrete mixers and tools like trowels, levels, and shovels are also discussed. Video observations showed workers distributing mortar, mixing concrete, and finishing walls.
This document provides information about various construction materials used in building interiors, including stone masonry, brick masonry, glass, gypsum, and timber. For each material, it describes definitions, types, properties, manufacturing processes, and commercial forms. The document is a student project report submitted to Dezyne E'cole College by Sonal Gupta towards her 1st year residential design diploma. It includes an acknowledgment, synopsis, and sections on each material.
1. The document reports on a student's analysis of videos demonstrating the process of brick wall construction, concrete mixing, and wall plastering.
2. Key steps observed in the brick wall construction video include laying the first course of bricks, cutting bricks to size for corners, and continuing laying courses using a spirit level and string line for alignment.
3. The concrete mixing video showed the process of adding cement, sand, water and any additives to a concrete mixer and mixing until homogenous.
4. The wall plastering video detailed applying a plaster mix to the wall using a trowel, screeding the wall smooth with a straight edge, and checking for levelness with a spirit level.
Identify Reference Building Lines.pptxssuser652085
The document discusses 5S of proper housekeeping which includes sorting, systematic arrangement, cleaning, sanitizing, and self-discipline. It also discusses guidelines for laying bricks and blocks including building lines to indicate wall footings and excavation lines. Finally, it describes different types of concrete blocks used in masonry construction such as solid blocks, hollow blocks, stretcher blocks, corner blocks, pillar blocks, and partition blocks.
This document provides tips for finishing drywall, including taping and applying joint compound. It recommends making sure the drywall is hung tightly, mixing joint compound to the right consistency, using paper tape for corners and mesh tape for seams. The finishing process involves applying two coats of joint compound over the tape, sanding between coats, and using a primer sealer before painting to ensure a smooth finish. Proper tools like taping knives and good technique are also emphasized.
This document discusses brick masonry and brickwork. It defines various brick components and tools used in brickwork. It explains four main types of bonds used in brickwork - header bond, stretcher bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. English bond and Flemish bond are described in more detail. General principles of brick masonry construction are provided, such as using sound bricks soaked in water, laying bricks horizontally with frogs upward, limiting height, and curing finished brickwork. The learning outcomes cover understanding brickwork, bonds, and questions to assess knowledge.
The document provides details about different types of masonry work including brick masonry, stone masonry, and concrete masonry. For brick masonry, it describes the different types of bonds used (English bond, Flemish bond, etc.), bricks sizes, and terminology. It also covers the requirements for good brickwork and discusses tools used. For stone masonry, it defines types of stone masonry including ashlar, coursed rubble, and dry rubble. Precautions for masonry work and uses of expansion joints are also summarized.
This document provides instructions for constructing a composting toilet. It includes a list of required tools and materials. The construction process involves selecting a site, preparing the site, mixing concrete, and building the foundation slab, chambers, and evapotranspiration beds. Safety and proper construction techniques are emphasized, such as using the correct mix of concrete and reinforcing bars.
This document discusses different types of brick bonds used in construction. It describes six common brick bonds: running bond, American bond, Flemish bond, English bond, stack bond, and Dutch bond. For each bond, it provides a brief definition of the brick orientation pattern and examples of common uses, such as for residential buildings, walls, and boundaries. It also lists five rules for good brick bonding, such as using uniformly shaped bricks and controlled daily construction heights. In conclusion, it states that brick bonds determine how bricks overlap in walls and that different bonds are used for strength and aesthetics in brick construction.
Masonry is the art of building structures from individual units like stone, brick, concrete blocks laid together with mortar. It involves laying the units in layers and binding them together. Masonry construction is generally very durable. Common masonry materials include brick, concrete blocks, marble, granite, and limestone. Masonry is used widely for walls, retaining walls, and monuments.
JK Cements provides guidance on various aspects of construction including selecting land, reducing costs, involving experts, selecting materials, and more. They recommend consulting experienced contractors and architects, using quality materials like branded cement and steel rods, and emphasizing durability over appearance. JK Cements also provides estimates of typical material quantities needed for constructions of different sizes.
This document discusses different types of adhesives and grouts used in tiling. It describes cement-based, polymer, and acrylic adhesives, explaining their compositions, applications, and installation methods. Cement-based grouts are also covered, along with epoxy grouts and their uses in areas with water or chemicals. Proper application techniques and safety precautions are emphasized.
Brickwork & Plastering are two important aspect of construction process. What are the methods to be followed during brick work & plastering & what are the important materials.
Mubashir Hassan is starting a small business producing hollow concrete blocks for construction. Some key points:
1) The blocks will be an alternative to traditional baked bricks, using local materials like crushed concrete, sand, cement and water.
2) The blocks will be produced using wooden molds, poured with concrete mixture and cured for 2 weeks before use.
3) The blocks offer benefits over traditional bricks like being more eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and providing better insulation.
4) Mubashir has an investment of 1.5 lakh to purchase materials and hire workers, and will promote the blocks to builders for small construction projects.
Predominantly used in the construction industry, the sheet piles are used as permanent or temporary walls for supports. The support is mainly needed during excavation and when the workers plan to do the soil retention work.
This document provides an overview of brick masonry, including technical terms, tools used, types of bonds and joints, advantages, and defects. It defines header, stretcher, course, and other bricklaying terms. The tools used in brick masonry like trowel, plumb bob, and mason's square are described. English and Flemish bonds are explained through diagrams. Different types of joints including weathered, concave, and struck are also defined. Advantages of brick masonry include cost, bonding strength, durability, and fire resistance. Defects can include sulphate attack, crystallization of salts, and corrosion of embedded metals.
Cement and concrete are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of cement has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ferrocement originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant mortar[2] or broken stone or tile mixed with lime and water to form a strong mortar.[3] Today cement usually means Portland cement,[4] Mortar is a paste of a binder (usually Portland cement), sand and water; and concrete is a fluid mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and crushed stone aggregate which is poured into formwork (shuttering). Ferro-concrete is the original name of reinforced concrete (armored concrete) known at least since the 1890s and in 1903 it was well described in London's Society of Engineer's Journal[5] but is now widely confused with ferrocement.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. It discusses the types of bonding used in brickwork, including stretcher bond, Flemish bond, and English bond. It also outlines the materials used, including clay bricks, concrete bricks, and mortar. The method of construction is explained in 20 steps, covering preparing the foundation, laying each row of bricks, and finishing the wall. Machineries like concrete mixers and tools like trowels, levels, and shovels are also discussed. Video observations showed workers distributing mortar, mixing concrete, and finishing walls.
This document provides information about various construction materials used in building interiors, including stone masonry, brick masonry, glass, gypsum, and timber. For each material, it describes definitions, types, properties, manufacturing processes, and commercial forms. The document is a student project report submitted to Dezyne E'cole College by Sonal Gupta towards her 1st year residential design diploma. It includes an acknowledgment, synopsis, and sections on each material.
1. The document reports on a student's analysis of videos demonstrating the process of brick wall construction, concrete mixing, and wall plastering.
2. Key steps observed in the brick wall construction video include laying the first course of bricks, cutting bricks to size for corners, and continuing laying courses using a spirit level and string line for alignment.
3. The concrete mixing video showed the process of adding cement, sand, water and any additives to a concrete mixer and mixing until homogenous.
4. The wall plastering video detailed applying a plaster mix to the wall using a trowel, screeding the wall smooth with a straight edge, and checking for levelness with a spirit level.
Identify Reference Building Lines.pptxssuser652085
The document discusses 5S of proper housekeeping which includes sorting, systematic arrangement, cleaning, sanitizing, and self-discipline. It also discusses guidelines for laying bricks and blocks including building lines to indicate wall footings and excavation lines. Finally, it describes different types of concrete blocks used in masonry construction such as solid blocks, hollow blocks, stretcher blocks, corner blocks, pillar blocks, and partition blocks.
This document provides tips for finishing drywall, including taping and applying joint compound. It recommends making sure the drywall is hung tightly, mixing joint compound to the right consistency, using paper tape for corners and mesh tape for seams. The finishing process involves applying two coats of joint compound over the tape, sanding between coats, and using a primer sealer before painting to ensure a smooth finish. Proper tools like taping knives and good technique are also emphasized.
This document discusses brick masonry and brickwork. It defines various brick components and tools used in brickwork. It explains four main types of bonds used in brickwork - header bond, stretcher bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. English bond and Flemish bond are described in more detail. General principles of brick masonry construction are provided, such as using sound bricks soaked in water, laying bricks horizontally with frogs upward, limiting height, and curing finished brickwork. The learning outcomes cover understanding brickwork, bonds, and questions to assess knowledge.
The document provides details about different types of masonry work including brick masonry, stone masonry, and concrete masonry. For brick masonry, it describes the different types of bonds used (English bond, Flemish bond, etc.), bricks sizes, and terminology. It also covers the requirements for good brickwork and discusses tools used. For stone masonry, it defines types of stone masonry including ashlar, coursed rubble, and dry rubble. Precautions for masonry work and uses of expansion joints are also summarized.
This document provides instructions for constructing a composting toilet. It includes a list of required tools and materials. The construction process involves selecting a site, preparing the site, mixing concrete, and building the foundation slab, chambers, and evapotranspiration beds. Safety and proper construction techniques are emphasized, such as using the correct mix of concrete and reinforcing bars.
This document discusses different types of brick bonds used in construction. It describes six common brick bonds: running bond, American bond, Flemish bond, English bond, stack bond, and Dutch bond. For each bond, it provides a brief definition of the brick orientation pattern and examples of common uses, such as for residential buildings, walls, and boundaries. It also lists five rules for good brick bonding, such as using uniformly shaped bricks and controlled daily construction heights. In conclusion, it states that brick bonds determine how bricks overlap in walls and that different bonds are used for strength and aesthetics in brick construction.
Masonry is the art of building structures from individual units like stone, brick, concrete blocks laid together with mortar. It involves laying the units in layers and binding them together. Masonry construction is generally very durable. Common masonry materials include brick, concrete blocks, marble, granite, and limestone. Masonry is used widely for walls, retaining walls, and monuments.
JK Cements provides guidance on various aspects of construction including selecting land, reducing costs, involving experts, selecting materials, and more. They recommend consulting experienced contractors and architects, using quality materials like branded cement and steel rods, and emphasizing durability over appearance. JK Cements also provides estimates of typical material quantities needed for constructions of different sizes.
This document discusses different types of adhesives and grouts used in tiling. It describes cement-based, polymer, and acrylic adhesives, explaining their compositions, applications, and installation methods. Cement-based grouts are also covered, along with epoxy grouts and their uses in areas with water or chemicals. Proper application techniques and safety precautions are emphasized.
Brickwork & Plastering are two important aspect of construction process. What are the methods to be followed during brick work & plastering & what are the important materials.
Mubashir Hassan is starting a small business producing hollow concrete blocks for construction. Some key points:
1) The blocks will be an alternative to traditional baked bricks, using local materials like crushed concrete, sand, cement and water.
2) The blocks will be produced using wooden molds, poured with concrete mixture and cured for 2 weeks before use.
3) The blocks offer benefits over traditional bricks like being more eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and providing better insulation.
4) Mubashir has an investment of 1.5 lakh to purchase materials and hire workers, and will promote the blocks to builders for small construction projects.
Predominantly used in the construction industry, the sheet piles are used as permanent or temporary walls for supports. The support is mainly needed during excavation and when the workers plan to do the soil retention work.
This document provides an overview of brick masonry, including technical terms, tools used, types of bonds and joints, advantages, and defects. It defines header, stretcher, course, and other bricklaying terms. The tools used in brick masonry like trowel, plumb bob, and mason's square are described. English and Flemish bonds are explained through diagrams. Different types of joints including weathered, concave, and struck are also defined. Advantages of brick masonry include cost, bonding strength, durability, and fire resistance. Defects can include sulphate attack, crystallization of salts, and corrosion of embedded metals.
Cement and concrete are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of cement has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ferrocement originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant mortar[2] or broken stone or tile mixed with lime and water to form a strong mortar.[3] Today cement usually means Portland cement,[4] Mortar is a paste of a binder (usually Portland cement), sand and water; and concrete is a fluid mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and crushed stone aggregate which is poured into formwork (shuttering). Ferro-concrete is the original name of reinforced concrete (armored concrete) known at least since the 1890s and in 1903 it was well described in London's Society of Engineer's Journal[5] but is now widely confused with ferrocement.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. Sections for
the module
1. About bricks – history, types
2. Other materials - cements, tools &
tackles
3. Storage, handling and testing of
materials
4. Types of bonds and brickwork
5. Procedure
3. Storage & Handling of materials
Ab hum janenge ki sabhi materials ko sahi dhang se store karna kyo jaroori hai aur alag
alag materials ko kis tarha se store kiya ja sakta hai.
Materials ko properly store karke hum materials ko damage se bacha sakte hai.
Iska dusra bada fayda yeh hai ki is se humara workspace bhi well organized dikhta
hai
Saath hi hume yeh bhi dhyaan rakhna chahiye ki agar koi bhi material damage ho
gya ho ya usme koi defect aa gya ho to use site se hata dena chahiye. Is tarha ke
materials ka use karne se brickwork ki quality pr negative effect pad sakta hai.
Aage hum bricks aur cement ki storage and handling processes ko detail main
jaanenge.
4. Storage and handling of bricks
• Bricks ko dhang se store kar k unhe damage se bachaya ja sakta hai satth hi unki quantity
ko bhi easily eastimate kiya ja sakta hai.
• Bricks ko site pr bikher kr na rakhe balki inhe jameen se kuch inch ucche ek platform pr
ek ek upar ek proper alignment main gin kar rakhna chahiye.
• Bricks ki loadind aur unloading savdhani se kare jis se ki bricks na toote aur koi nuksaan
na ho.
• Saath hi bricks ki supply ko is tarha se arrange kiya jaana chahiye ki working site pr kam
se kam agle 7 dino tk ka material available ho jis se kaam main koi rukavat na aaye.
5. Storage and handling of cement
• Ab hum jaanenge ki cement ko sahi dhang se kaise store kiya ja sakta hai.
• Cement ko hamesha water-tight aur properly design kiye gaye stores main hi rakhna
chahiye taaki cement ko namhi se aur baarish se bachaya ja sake.
• Cement ko hamesha dhartie se kam se kam 250 mm ucche ek platform par hi rakhe.
Cement ke bags ko ek ke ek kar k rakhe par dhiyaan rahe ki das se adhik bags ko is tarha
na rakhe.
• Storage se cement ko nikalte samay hamesha FIFO yani first in first out method ka use
kare. Isme pahele store kiye gaye cement ko pehele use kiya jaata hai jis se cement jyada
time tak storage main rakhe rehne k karan kharaab na ho.
• Kharaab cement ko site se hata dena chahiye jis se veh baaki materials ke sath mix na ho.
6. What is Bonds?
• Walls ko construct karne k liye jis tarha se biricks ko ek ke upar ek arrange kiya
jaata hai use hum brick bond kehte hai.
• Brickwork k liye bonds ki knowledge hona bahut important hai kyuki yeh walls
aur pillar ko stable aur majboot banana main help karta hai.
• Brickworks main kai types ke bonds ka use kiya jaata hai. Jaise ki – English
bond, Flemish bond, Header bond, Stretcher bond.
• Aage hum in bonds ke baare main detail main jaanenge aur dekhenge k bond
ka use kahan par kiya jaata hai.
7. 1. Header Bond
Types of bonds main pele hum header bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Jis type ke bond main bricks ko kuch is tarike se arrange kiya jaye ki wall ke front
part main bas bricks ka header visible ho – use header bond kaha jaata hai.
Generally, header bonds main brick ki aadhi width ke barabar overlap hota hai.
Iske liye three – quarter brickbats ka use kiya jaata hai.
Is type ke bond ka use thick yani moti aur majboot walls ke construction main
kiya jaata hai. Iska istemal curved wall ke construction main bhi kiya jaata hai.
8. 2. Stretcher Bond
Ab hum stretcher bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Is type ke bond main bricks ko kuch is tarike se arrange kiya jaye ki wall ke front view
main bricks ka bas stretcher face hi visible ho.
Yeh bond sabse simple bond mana jaata hai aur iska istemaal bhi sabse jyada kiya jaata
hai.
Is bond ka use kr k banayi gayi walls ki width brick ki aadhi width ke barabar hoti hai.
Is type k bond ka use bilkul straight and simple walls ko banana main kiya jaata hai aur
iska construction bhi bahut simple hota hai.
9. 3. English bond
Ab hum one of the strongest bond yani ki English bond k baare main jaanenge.
English bond main bricks ki do alag-alag layers layers ka use karke walls banayi jaati hai. First
layer main stretcher bricks aur second layer main header bricks rakhi jaati hai. Isme corners
main bond patterns ko complete karne k liye header layers main ‘Queen Closure’ ka bhi use
kiya jaata hai.
English bond ko walls ki strength aur stability ke liye jaan ajaata hai. Is type ke bond ke
construction ke liye skilled labours ki requirement bhi nahi hoti.
Iski super strength ke karan is bond ka use boundary walls aur bridges jaise heavy structures ke
construction main kiya jaata hai.
10. 4. Flemish bond
Last main ab hum Flemish bond ke baare main jaanenge.
Flemish bond main har layer main alternate header aur stretcher bricks ka use kiya
jaata hai. Is bond main bhi alternate layers main corner headers ke saath ‘Queen
Closer’ ka use kiya jaata hai.
Half bats and three quarter bats ka use us walls ke liye kiya jaatya hai jinki thickness
aadhi brick ki visham yaani ki odd numbers main ho, jaise ki dedh, dhai ya saadhe
teen eeton ke barabar.
Is bond ki strength English bond se kam hoti hai par is se wall ke design main sundarta
aati hai. Is type ke bond construction ke liye skilled labors bhi jaruri hote hai.
12. Procedure:
Step 1
Markings
and
Preparation
• Drawings ke according walls ki center lines ko mark
karein. Saath hi koi bhi opening jaise ki dorrs ya
windows ko bhi drawings ke according mark karein.
• Brickwork ki boundaries ko mark karne wali layer jise
demarcation layer bhi kaha jata hai, is layer ko hamesha
site engineer ke supervision main hi banaye.
• Unwanted defects se bachne ke liye parallels aur right
angles ko accurately measure karein.
• Construction shuru karne se pehele purane surface ko
clean karein aur joints ko acche se seal karein.
• Brickwork aur RCC yani Reinforced Concrete Cement ke
beech strong aur durable bond banana ke liye RCC
surface ki proper cutting hona jaroori hai. Rcc aur
brickwork ke beech cement ke paste ko acche se fill kiya
jaan chahiye.
13. Procedure:
Step 2
Mixing sand
and cement
Pehele sukhe cement aur sand ko ek specified
proportion main acche se mix karein. Sand ke naap ke
liye lagbhag 35 liter ke box ya container ko use karein.
Example ke liye, agar cement aur sand ka required ratio
1 is to 4 hai toh ek bag cement ko 4 bag sand ke saath
mix karein aur iske baad ismain water add karein.
Ek time pe ek ya adhik se adhik do bags ke barabar hi
mixture prepare karein. Tayyar mixture ki quantity bas
itni hon ke isme water add karene ke 30 se 40 minutes
ke andar hi saara mixture consume ho jaye.
Agar mortar ka mixture machine main banaya jarha hai
toh pehele sand phir cement aur last main water add
karein.
14. Procedure:
Step 3
Preparing
surface and
bricks
Bricks ko use karne se pehele kam se kam 4 se 6 ghanta
ke liye paane main acche se dubaa kar rakhe. Surface ko
bhi acche se clean karein.
Surface aur bricks ke beech strong bond banana ke liye
cement mixture ki ek acchi, moti layer bichaye.
Brickwork start karne se pehele, pichle din ke brickwork
pr acche se paani ka chidkav karein aur uske baad
cement ke mixture ko apply karein jis se future main
vahan pr koi crack na pade.
15. Procedure:
Step 4
Laying of
bricks
Bricks ko mortar ki ek layer ke upar drawings main dikhayi gyi lines, levels aur
shape ke according lagaye. Bricks ko mortar ke upar fix karte samay usper thoda
pressure lagaye jis se mortar aur birks acche se jud sale.
Bricks ko hamesha frog up position main hi lagana chahiye aur top layer lagate
samay isko frog down position main mortar fill kr ke lagana chahiye.
Jab Tak specify na Kiya Jaye, bricks ko hamesha English bond main hi lagaye. Half
brick width ki wall ke liye stretcher bond ka use karein.
Bricks ki layers aur joints ek straight line main properly align hone chahiye iske
liye plumb Bob tool ka bhi use Kiya ja sakta hai.
Ek din main 1.5 meter se jyada hight ki wall na banaye kyoki mortar ko sukhne
main samay lagta hai.Koi do portions ke beech maximum height difference 1
meter se jyada nahi hona chahiye.
Har saathvi (seventh) layer ke baad layer ka level check Kiya Jaan chahiye. Level
check karne ke liye water tube ya phir spirit level ka bhi use Kiya jata hai.
For 230 mm wall, one face shall be maintained in plumb. This face can be
preplanned to take all kinds of single coat of plaster. For higher thickness of
plaster, in other side which is not truly vertical can be considered.
Faces ke joints ki thickness 12 mm se jyada nahi honi chahiye. Bricks ke beech ke
joints ko mortar se theek se fell karein aur har chauthe (4th) level ke baad
mortar ki ek moti layer lagaye.
Buttress, counter forts, corners, junctions ko bhi main wall ke saath proper
bonding karke banaye.
Corners must be truly horizontal with suitable bond pattern to break the vertical
joints.
Mortar ke sookhne se pehele, face joints pr 12 se 15 mm tk ki gehrai ke cuts
lagaye jis se plastering ya pointing ke liye ek accha foundation ban sake.Yadi
plastering ki requirement nahi hi toh mortar ke surface ko ek smooth finish de.