Allergic reactions, keloid and hypertrophic scars, and physical injuries are common non-infectious hazards. Allergic reactions can be triggered by metals, latex, and tattoo inks, and cause symptoms like sneezing, coughing, rashes, and headaches. Keloid scars occur when a wound overgrows and becomes lumpy, while hypertrophic scars involve extra tension around a healing wound. Non-infectious hazards are not spread between people and can be caused by genetics, lifestyle, and environment.

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Allergic reactions
Keloid and hypertrophic (enlarged) scars
Physical injuries
Contraindications (specific situation in which a procedure should not be undertaken because it
may be harmful to the client)
Examples of non-infectious hazards
Non-infectious hazards cannot be spread from one person to another
and are caused by genetics, lifestyle and environmental exposures
SECTION 4
C O M M O N N O N - I N F E C T I O U S
H A Z A R D S A N D T H E I R S O U R C E S

2. SNEEZING LABORED
BREATHING
RASH
RUNNY NOSE EDEMA COUGH
REDNESS LACRIMATION HEADACHE
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Allergic reactions
Common triggers of allergic reactions are certain metals (e.g. nickel, cobalt), latex rubber, and the
dyes in tattoo inks.
‘An allergy is a condition caused by over reaction of the immune systems
to a normally harmless substance’
ALLERGY SYMPTOMS

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TYPES OF ALLERGY

4. Anaphylactic shock
This is a severe allergic response triggered in some people by certain substances. It usually
develops very suddenly, worsens very quickly, and can be life-threatening.
More information can be found here
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Irritant – caused by a single heavy dose or prolonged exposure, e.g. cleaning products
Allergic - Repeated exposure, sensitisation, e.g. metals such as nickel
Dermatitis
Dermatitis is a general term for Inflammation of the skin and is often itchy. It can affect all parts of
the body, but it is most common on hands. There are two types:
1.
2.
DERMATITIS
NORMAL SKIN
DERMATITIS

5. Keloid scarring
Keloid scar is the name given to a scar that overgrows and becomes ‘lumpy’ and larger
than the original wound.
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Hypertrophic scars happen when there is a lot of
extra tension around the healing wound. The
healing area is thicker than usual, but the scar
doesn’t extend beyond the original wound.
Needle stick or other sharps injuries
Embedding of jewellery
Bleeding
Swelling
Swallowing
Underlying health conditions, including some skin conditions
Prescription and over-the-counter medication
Illicit drugs
Thorough pre consultation with client
Document/record advice given and actions required by client in ‘client records’.
Update consultation on day of procedure
If in doubt:
postpone special procedure
refer client to their GP or medical specialist
Physical injuries
Contraindications
A contraindication is a specific situation in which a procedure should not be undertaken
because it may be harmful to the client: Examples are:
Minimising risks

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NOTES

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NOTES