Reflexion on How Online Education have, are and will affect the world, by Thu An Duong (Linkedin: http://goo.gl/TM3zXA) To read and share without moderation! #whitepaper #OnlineEducation

1. How Online
Education & MOOCs
have, are and will affect the world
!
Thu-An DUONG
LinkedIn: Thu-An DUONG
Paris, Dec. 2013

2. Executive Summary (1/2)
A generation ago, teachers could expect that what they
taught would last a lifetime. Nowadays, because of rapid
economic and social change, schools have to prepare
students for jobs that have not yet been created, for
technologies that have not yet been invented and
problems that we do not know yet will arise.
!
Time has changed and so has education. We live in a
fast changing world, producing more of the same
knowledge and skills will not suffice to address the
challenges of the future.
One-to-one tutoring was probably the best solution to continuously follow a student’s
progress, to give him feedback and correctives, but how could we apply that to a
massive audience?
!
It seems like new technology has found some answers to these questions. Smart
technology offers the promise of access to health care and education, while shading
limitations between industries.
!2

3. Executive Summary (2/2)
Through this revolutionized way of teaching and learning
were born the Massive Open Online Courses, also known
as MOOCs.
MOOCs, which first formally entered the learning sphere in
2008, gained prominence in 2012 when Stanford University
offered the first in what became a series of its own.
MOOCs offer high quality content, online test and quizzes
and some may offer a “verified certificate” to the whole
world, including to the people who could not access to
education. Those online platforms create interactions
between students all over the globe.
Are economic pressures and new models of education
bringing competition to the traditional models?
Will technology have the ability to replace what we call
university?
Considering how important technology has become to our
daily lives, it is necessary to underline that online education
has given and definitely will give an important amount of
changes to the world.
!3

4. Table of Content
I. Context and factors
II. The beginning and growth of online learning
III. How MOOCs will affect the future?

5. The Internet explosion in 1990s
How the World Wide Web was born:
36M
of web hosts in 2002
• The 1990s are known to be the era of the development of the Internet.
During that time, the Internet stopped being an academic toy and
became instead a viable information tool.
• By 1990, the number of hosts on the Internet was multiplied by three
compared to 1989, and reached 300,000.
• In 1993, there were almost 200 websites out. The same year was
introduced Mosaic, a cheap and powerful personal computer. By 1994,
there were tens of thousands of copies.
How the Web Exploded:
• In 1995, the government released the assigning
of domain names to private companies. The
Internet suddenly became a commercial project
while it used to be a government one.
Number of Internet Hosts
• The Internet and World Wide Web have begun
to stabilize at the beginning of the 21st century.
• Today, the Internet has created a multibilliondollar industry and spawned a worldwide
revolution.
Sources:
!5

6. How the Internet affected society
Generation Y
Generation Y, Echo Boomers or Millenniums
!
• Generation Y kids are know as incredibly
sophisticated, technology wise, immune to most
traditional marketing and sales pitches. As they not
only grew up with it all, they have seen it all and
been exposed to it all since early childhood.
• Generation Y members are much more racially and
ethnically diverse and they are more segmented
as an audience aided by the rapid expansion in
cable TV channels, radio, the Internet.
• Generation Y members, also known as Generation
Me, are extremely ambitious. They are confident
and open to the world, but also focused on
themselves and a sense of entitlement.
• Gen Xers and Millennials were the first to grow up
with computers in their homes. In a 1999 speech,
Microsoft Chairman and CEO Bill Gates
encouraged America’s teachers to use technology
to serve the needs of the first generation of kids to
grow up with the Internet.
Born: 1977-1994
Current population:
80 million (in the U.S.)
!
The largest cohort since
the Baby Boomers.
For Generation Y,
technology is more
than an addiction
It’s how they discover,
understand and experience
the world around them.
!6

7. Generation Y: Illustration
!7

8. How the Internet affected society
Organisations opened up
Smart Mobility changes the way people interact and new
technology blurs boudaries
• Many industries will be disrupted
by the consequences of
technology innovation.
• The "blur" created by digital
technologies will intertwine
geographies, economies,
industries, products and even
private and business lives.
Smart mobility:
technology-enabled
options driving
transformation
!
Source: Ernst & Young
• Increasingly, smart devices have become a part of our lives. In the last quarter of 2010, sales of smartphones
outpaced those of PCs for the first time, according to data from IDC.
• By 2014, more smart devices could be used to access the internet than traditional computers. The move to an
increasingly mobile world will create new players and new opportunities for a variety of industries.
• Emerging markets will create plenty of opportunities related to smart technology, and they will not be limited
to for-profit enterprises.
!8

9. How the internet affected the individual
Meaningful learning
• Benjamin Samuel Bloom (1913–1999)
was an American educational
psychologist. His Taxonomy of Learning
Domains was created in 1956 in order to
promote higher forms of thinking in
education, such as analyzing and
evaluating, rather than just
remembering.
• Three domains can be identified:
psychomotor (skills), affective (attitude
or self) and cognitive (knowledge).
• Today, the Internet offers access to
knowledge and information people
have never been exposed to before,
which makes them want to learn more
and go further in their thinking skills.
Simplified version of Bloom’s
taxonomy of learning
!9

10. How the internet affected the individual
The Social media autobiography
Google, Facebook, Twitter are now
reshaping the way companies, but also
individuals communicate and collaborate.
Businesses are able to better understand
what their customers and employees need
and want, as a group but also as individuals.
By 2014, social networks will become the
main form of business communication for 20%
of employees worldwide.
“Intel created “The Museum of Me”
that allows me to create and explore a visual
archive of my social life”
“Pastpost tells me every morning what
!
the same day last year”!
happened to me on
More change can be expected when the
generation that has grown up with new
technologies and instant information
gratification joins the workforce.
The importance given to one’s e-reputation
increase everyday, for business or personal
life. People can be really influenced or can
influence easily through social media.
!10

11. Table of Content
I. Context and factors
II. The beginning and growth of online learning
III. How MOOCs will affect the future?

12. US universities have quickly adopted Internet to create
online learning movement
Birth of Online Learning:
• E-learning refers to the use of electronic
media and information and communication
technologies in education. It covers all forms
of educational technology in learning and
teaching.
• E-learning includes numerous types of media
that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and
streaming video.
• E-learning can occur in or out of the
classroom. It is suited to distance learning
and flexible learning.
• Because ICT are extremely used by young
people and mostly students, e-learning
industry is economically significant and is
today one of the basic and most global way of
learning.
• Even if, today, it is normal to make the
difference between what is learnt on the
Internet and what is learnt in a classroom,
online learning was born in universities.
• In 1960, the University of Illinois initiated a
classroom system based in linked computer
terminals where students could access to
information on a particular course while listening to
the lectures that were recorded via some form of
device like television or audio.
• Then Stanford University and UCLA started
developing the installation of computers and the
importance of technology devices in classrooms.
• Computer-based learning started expanding
outside of the United States of America, and the
earliest online courses offered were those that were
developed by the British Open University, the New
Jersey Institute of Technology and the University
of British Columbia.
• Over the years, more and more methods and
approaches were developed to enhance the whole
online learning experience, which resulted to a
significant increase in students preferring to chose
internet and technology devices as a learning
support.
!12

13. 2 categories & 4 types of online learning
1st category: Instructional technologies
1st category of online learning technologies is instructional technologies, which includes
articles, books, photographs.
Video Tutorial
• A tutorial is a method of transferring
knowledge and may be used as a part of
a learning process. More interactive and
specific than a book or a lecture, a tutorial
seeks to teach by example and supply the
information to complete a certain task.
• Video format illustrates better the example
the tutorial aims to show to the viewers.
Official websites
• Websites that belong to a legally official
business or institution such as the
i n f o r m a t i o n i n d u s t r y, u n i v e r s i t i e s ,
governments.
• The fact that these websites are official
make them more reliable. Information
given on this kind of website are more
trustworthy than informal websites.
!13

14. 2 categories & 4 types of online learning
2nd category: Virtual Interaction Technologies
2nd category: virtual interaction technologies such as blogging, video conferencing,
sharing with social media.
Informal Educational websites
• Are considered informal educational
websites forums or personal blogs.
• Those gather people who share the
same interests, encourage them to
interact about specific topics.
• Information given on these websites are
not reliable because they come from
individuals not officially certified.
Social Media
• Social media refers to interaction among
people in which they create, share,
exchange information and ideas in virtual
communities and networks.
• Facebook has over 500 million users, while
Twitter has over 200 million.
• Gamification of Education go through
social webistes.
!14

15. Growth of Online Learning through Social Media
Online learning
• The Social Media explosion led to a new
opportunity for online learning.
• Social networking has increased the rate and
quality of collaboration for students. They are
better able to communicate meeting times or
share information quickly, which can increase
productivity and help them learn how to work well
in groups.
• Being able to create and maintain connections
to many people in many industries is an integral
part of developing a career or building a business.
• By spending so much time working with new
technologies, students develop more familiarity
with computers. With the increased focus on
technology in education and business, this will
help students build skills.
• But it is necessary to underline that many
students rely on the accessibility of
information provided on social media,
which reduce focus on learning and
retaining information.
• The more time students spend on social
media, the less time they spend
socializing in person.
!15

16. Table of Content
I. Context and factors
II. The beginning and growth of online learning
III. How MOOCs will affect the future?

17. Massive Open Online Courses - MOOCs
What are MOOCs ?
• Through this revolutionized way of teaching
and learning were born the Massive Online
Open Courses, also known as MOOCs.
MOOCS, which first formally entered the
learning sphere in 2008, gained prominence in
2012 when Stanford University offered the first
in what became a series of its own. The
concept’s name plainly conveys its definition.
The MOOC is “massive” because it is designed to
enroll tens of thousands of learners; it’s “open,”
because,
anyone with an Internet connection can
enroll in the free course; it’s “online” because much if
not all of the interaction takes place online in
threaded web discussion groups with cohorts of
learners, or via online videos of professors giving
lectures and finally, MOOCs are “courses“ because
they have concrete start and end dates, student
assessments, inline tests and quizzes and proctored
« Many find higher
education increasingly
out of reach »"
!
exams. Some may offer a verified certificate of
completion or college credit.
The leading MOOC providers include Coursera,
Udacity, edX and the Khan Academy.
Daphne Koller, founder of Coursera
!17

18. MOOCs
Definition & concepts
Credentials: Many MOOCs offer
college credit or certificates of
completion, which help to legitimize
and formalize the learning. At leading
MOOC provider Coursera, 14
percent of courses offer verified
certficates, for which registration
costs between $30 and $100
depending on the course’s length
and content.
“The more educated people
are, the less problems
exist. There is a real
opportunity to take the kind
of education that is
available to the privileged
few and turn it into a basic
human right”
Daphe Koller, !
co-founder of Coursera
!18

19. Coursera: one of the most successful MOOC
• Coursera offers high quality content to the world, including to the people who could not access to it. This
way, students can now watch class online at their own pace, but not only students from a specific
university, but students from all over the country, all over the world.
!
!
!
!
! Coursera works with universities to
•
! make some of their courses available
! online.
• 13 new institutions have joined its
! ranks, bringing the education startup’s
! total number of partners offering
! courses on its platform into the triple
Coursera this
! digits: 107. Furthermore,the 5 million
month also surpassed
! student mark and now offers more than
• Coursera is a for-profit educational
technology company offering MOOCs
founded
by
computer
science professors Andrew Ng and
Daphne Koller from Stanford
University.
500 courses as well.
!19

20. Ill
us
t
ra
tio
n
!20

21. MOOCs
A burden or a blessing?
MOOCs: positive points
• Enables one teacher to teach for hundreds thousands of students; then more students can
have access to several kinds of teaching.
• Encourages sense of diversity and globalization
• Gives access to information and quality content that some could not get before.
• In the future, it might be a social solution: in developing countries, giving a technical support to
access to MOOCs to a classroom could open up doors of opportunities.
MOOCs: some flaws in the system
• How many students complete
courses?
• Completion rates can approach
40%, although most MOOCs
have completion rates of less
than 13%
• Lack of human and face to face
contact: How can a computer
recognize irony, or elegance with
someone’s written style?
• Too revolutionary to replace a
traditional classroom, for now.
!
!21

22. Conclusion (1/2)
Necessity to accompany the undeniable change
• The generations to come will be even more sophisticated and
skilled technology wise, and will have to face more challenges in
terms of innovation.
• Institutional barriers present challenges to moving forward in a
constructive way with emerging technologies. We are starting to
move away from lecturing, specially large lecture classes. The
value the institutions provide need to refocus on their purpose, now
that quality content won’t be an issue anymore.
• The idea of a global university is a compelling one. It seems like
global access to content, at least for people with broadband access,
it is going to be possible within ten years. The question you have to
ask ourselves is what will be called an university in 10 years?
!22

23. Conclusion (2/2)
Necessity to accompany the undeniable change
• This is an opportunity to globalize what traditional universities used to focus on but also to rethink at a
pretty fundamental level what do university do, their role in society, how they are structured. For
example, they want to make sure that their students get an accreditation mecanism for all the
courses where they get the content. They might become the institution which role is to verify and
approve the whole learning process acquired on MOOCs or leave all the teaching to the universities
considered as the top ones. Also, maybe universities will become interactive spaces where students
and professors can debate and talk about what they’ve learned online.
• There are different and various possibilities to explore, but before defining the future definition of
university, its necessary to define exactly what are MOOCs for and what place they should take in
the educational system.
!23

24. Sources
•
http://www.northeastern.edu/news/2013/04/kollercoursera/ Interview Daphne Koller
•
http://www.education.com/reference/article/mastery-learning/#A http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeannemeister/2013/08/13/howmoocs-will-revolutionize-corporate-learning-development/ http://www.scoop.it/t/sciences-du-numerique-et-e-education
•
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/wait-but-why/generation-y-unhappy_b_3930620.html
•
http://blog.officience.com/en/open-knowledge-lenseignement-du-future/
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=hTToWqEh7uU
•
http://www.awardco.com/how-to-motivate-generation-y-employee-rewards#.UqXF0WTuIrw
•
http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Issues/Business-environment/Six-global-trends-shaping-the-business-world---Rapid-technologyinnovation-creates-a-smart--mobile-world
•
http://www.s9.com/Biography/Bloom-Benjamin-Samuel
•
http://meandmylaptop.weebly.com/2/post/2012/07/simplified-blooms-taxonomy-visual.html
•
http://www.awardco.com/how-to-motivate-generation-y-employee-rewards#prettyPhoto/0/
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
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