This document discusses secondary storage devices and non-volatile memory. It defines secondary storage devices as any storage beyond the primary storage that enables permanent data storage. Examples of secondary storage devices include magnetic tapes, floppy disks, DVDs, and USB drives. Non-volatile memory is any solid-state memory that can retain data without power, such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory. Secondary storage saves data after the primary storage (RAM) saves it, providing permanent storage when power is turned off. Common secondary storage devices include hard drives, optical drives, and USB flash drives.

1. NAME: ALIZA AMAN
ROLL NO: 14B-103-BS
Usman Institte Of Technlogy, Khi Pakistan

2.  NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
 SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

3. Definition:
A secondary storage device
refers to any volatile storage
device that is internal or
external to the computer. It
can be any storage device
beyond the primary storage
that enables permanent data
storage.
A secondary storage device is
also known as an auxiliary
storage device or external
storage

4. TYPES OF SECONDARY AND NON-
VOLATILE STORAGE

5. Types Of Secondary Devices
 Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic tape is a medium
for magnetic recording,
made of a thin
magnetizable coating on a
long, narrow strip of
plastic film.
 Floppy Disk
A floppy disk, also called a
diskette, is a disk storage
medium composed of a disk of
thin and flexible magnetic
storage medium, sealed in a
rectangular plastic carrier lined
with fabric that removes dust
particles.

6.  DVD (Digital Versatile Disk
Player)
DVD (sometimes explained as
"digital video disc" or "digital
versatile disc") is a digital optical
disc storage format, invented and
developed by Philips, Sony and
Panasonic in 1995. DVDs can be
played in multiple types of
players, including DVD players.
• USB (Universal Serial
Bus)
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an
industry standard developed in
the mid-1990s that defines the
cables, connectors and
communications protocols used
in a bus for connection,
communication, and power
supply between computers and
electronic devices.

7. Definition:
Nonvolatile Memory Is A
General Term For All Forms
Of Solid State (No Moving
Parts) Memory. This
Includes All Forms Of Read-
only Memory (ROM) Such
As Programmable Read-only
Memory (PROM), Erasable
Programmable Read-only
Memory (EPROM),
Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-only
Memory (EEPROM), And
Flash Memory.

8. EXPLAINATION :
Non-volatile data storage can be
categorized in electrically addressed
systems (read-only memory) and
mechanically addressed systems
(hard disks, optical disc,
magnetic tape,
holographic memory, and such).
Electrically addressed systems are
expensive, but fast, whereas
mechanically addressed systems have a
low price per bit, but are slow. Non-
volatile memory may one day eliminate
the need for comparatively slow forms of
secondary storage systems, which
include hard disks.

9. Is computer memory that can retain the stored
information even when not powered. Examples of
non-volatile memory include read-only memory,
flash memory, most types of magnetic computer
storage devices (e.g. hard disks, floppy disk
drives, and magnetic tape), optical disc drives, and
early computer storage methods such as paper
tape and punch cards.

10.  '''Volatile memory''', also known as '''volatile
storage or primary storage device''', is computer
memory that requires power to maintain the stored
information, unlike non-volatile memory which
does not require a maintained power supply.
 Most forms of modern random access memory
are volatile storage, including dynamic random
access memory and static random access memory.
Content addressable memory and dual-ported RAM
are usually implemented using volatile storage.
Early volatile storage technologies include delay
line memory.

11. Secondary storage devices, as indicated by the name, save
data after it has been saved by the primary storage device,
usually referred to as RAM. From the moment you start
typing a letter in Microsoft Word, for example, and until you
click on "Save," your entire work is stored in RAM. However,
once you power off your machine, that work is completely
erased, and the only copy remaining is on the secondary
storage device where you saved it, such as internal or external
hard disk drive, optical drives for CDs or DVDs, or USB flash
drive.

12. Any Questions ?
Presented by Aliza Aman
Arain