This document discusses various topics related to turning machines and lathes. It begins by listing the topics to be discussed, which include the construction, operations, and attachments of center lathes. It then describes the main parts of a lathe such as the bed, headstock, tailstock, and carriage. The document outlines the specifications used for lathes and lists different types. It provides details on lathe operations including taper turning methods, thread cutting, and attachments. The document also covers topics like cutting speed, feed rate, material removal rate, and power estimation for lathe operations.

1. SECONDARY MANUFACTURING
PROCSSES
RAMCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Dr.M.LAKSHMANAN
Assistant Professor (Senior Grade)

2. TURNING MACHINES
2
File:Jan Verbruggen
Foundry Drawing 47
Horizontal Boring
Machine

3. Topics to be Discussed
▰ Construction, specification and operations of Centre lathes
▰ Taper turning methods, Thread cutting methods and Special
attachments
▰ Machining time and power estimation.
▰ Capstan and turret lathes
▰ Tool layout
▰ Automatic lathes
3

4. Centre Lathe
4

5. Parts or Construction of Lathe
▰ Bed
▰ Headstock
▰ Tailstock
▰ Carriage
▰ Feed mechanism
▰ Tool post
▰ Chuck
5

6. Bed
6

7. Headstock
7

8. Tailstock
8

9. Carriage
▰ saddle
▰ cross-slide
▰ compound Rest
▰ Tool post
▰ Apron
9

10. Specification of a Lathe
▰ The length of bed
▰ Type of bed
▰ Swing over the bed
▰ Swing over the cross slide
▰ Width of the bed
▰ Spindle bore
▰ Spindle speed
▰ HP of main motor and rpm
▰ Spindle nose diameter
▰ Feeds
▰ Floor space required
▰ Maximum distance between dead and live centres
10

11. Types of Lathe
▰ 1. Speed lathe ▰ 2. Bench lathe
11

12. 3. Engine Lathe
12
4. Tool room lathe

13. 13
5. Semiautomatic lathe

14. 14
6. Automatic lathe 7. Special purpose lathe

15. 15
8. Copying Lathe

16. Headstock Mechanisms
1. Back Geared Headstock
16

17. 17
2. All Geared Headstock

18. Feed Mechanism
1. Tumbler gear Reversing Mechanism
18

19. 19
2. Tumbler gear Quick-Change gearbox

20. 20
3. Apron Mechanism

21. Work Holding Devices
21
Chucks
Face
plate
Angle
plate
Mandrels
Carrier
Centres
Steady and
follower
rest

22. Chucks
▰ Three Jaw /self-centering chuck
22
 Four Jaw /Independent Chuck

23. 23
 Magnetic chuck  Collet Chuck

24. 24
 Face plate  Angle Plate

25. Mandrels
25

26. Carrier
26

27. Centres
27

28. Steady and Follower rest
28

29. Lathe Operations
29

30. Taper turning Methods
1. Form tool method
2. Compound rest method
30

31. 31
By Compound rest method

32. 32
3. Tailstock set over method

33. 33
4. Taper turning attachment method

34. 34
5. Combined feed method

35. Thread Cutting
35

36. 36
Types of gear trains in thread cutting
1. Simple Gear Train 2. Compound Gear Train

37. Lathe (special) attachments
1. Milling Attachment 3. Grinding attachment
37

38. 38
4. Copy Turning attachment
 Mechanical -Copy Turning attachment  Hydraulic -Copy Turning attachment

39. 39
5. Spherical Turning attachment

40. Cutting speed & Feed
40

41. Depth of cut
41

42. 42
It is the volume of material removed per unit time.
Volume of material removed in one revolution = πDi x d x f mm3
MRR = πDi x d x f x N mm3/min
MRR = 1000 x V x d x f mm3/min
Di = initial diametre of the workpiece,mm
d = depth of cut,mm
f = feed,mm/revolution
Material Removal Rate (MMR)
Example Problem: 23.1 (Page No. 636) in Manufacturing
Engineering and Technology by Kalpakjian (Pearson, 7th Edition)

43. 43
Estimation of Power
Power (P) = Cutting Force (Fc) x Cutting Speed (V)
Cutting Force (Fc) = K x d x f
Where, K = Constant depending of workpiece
P = K x d x f x V
Problem: A blank 180mm long and 70mm diameter is to be machined in a lathe to
175mm long and 60mm diameter. The workpiece rotates at 450rpm, the feed is
0.3mm/rev and the max depth of cut is 2mm. For turning operation; the approach plus
over travel diatance is 6mm. Assuming that the facing operation is done after the
turining. Calculate the machining time. [AU - Apr/May 12].

44. Estimation of Machining Time (Tm)
44

45. 45

46. 46
Practice Problem

47. 47

48. Capstan lathe
48

49. 49
TURRET HEAD AND SADDLE

50. Turret Lathe
50

51. 51
TURRET LATHE CAPSTAN LATHE

52. 52
Geneva Mechanism or Indexing Mechanism

53. 53
Bar Feed Mechanism

54. CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC LATHES
54

55.  Single spindle Automatic Lathe
55

56. Types of single spindle automatics
1. Automatic cutting off machine
56

57. 57
2. Swiss Type Automatic Screw Machine or
(Sliding Head Automatic Lathe)

58.  Multi Spindle Automatic Lathe Machines
1. Parallel Action Multi Spindle Automats
58

59. 59
2. Progressive action Multi Spindle Automats

60. Tool Layout
▰ Selection of tools
▰ Designing of special tools
▰ Selection of speed
▰ Selection of feed
▰ Setting required length of
workpiece and tool travel
length.
60

61. 61
Tooling Schedule Chart

62. “
THANK YOU
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