This document provides a review of key concepts from the 2008 Virginia second grade social studies curriculum framework, including: 1. Contributions and inventions of ancient China, Egypt, and American Indian cultures. 2. Changes in community life from the past to present with new inventions influencing buildings, jobs, transportation, and populations. 3. Map skills including locating regions studied and identifying physical features, rivers, continents, and oceans. 4. Resources including natural, human, and capital resources and how scarcity requires economic choices. 5. Responsibilities of good citizenship and profiles of influential Americans who contributed to freedom and equal rights.

1. Second GradeHistory/ Social Studies SOL Review Taken From the 2008 VDOE Curriculum FrameworkCreated by Angela Turley

2. 2.1 Contributions of Ancient China and Egypt Words to Know · Ancient Long, long ago · Architecture The design of buildings · Contribution The act of giving or doing something

3. Writing of Ancient China and Egypt Written Language China Characters, Symbols Egypt Hieroglyphics

4. Inventions of Ancient China and Egypt China Kite Silk cloth Compass Fireworks Egypt Paper made from papyrus Clock 365-day calendar

5. Architecture ofAncient China and Egypt Great Wall of China Egyptian Pyramids Many inventions of ancient China and Egypt are still used today.

6. 2.2 American Indians Words to Know Culture: The beliefs, customs, and way of life of a group of people Region: Places that have common (the same) characteristics Environment: Surroundings

7. Contributions of American Indians Arts (pottery, weaving, carving) Legends and stories Respect for nature Knowledge of the environment Farming of corn and tobacco

8. Indians Regions and Tribes Eastern Woodlands Powhatan Plains Lakota Southwest Pueblo People

9. American Indian Homes Eastern Woodlands: Powhatan Tribe Wood frame houses with bark/reed covering Plains: Lakota Teepees Southwest: Pueblo People Multi-story terraced buildings

10. American Indians—Transportation Eastern Woodlands Powhatan: Walked and Paddled Canoes Plains Lakota: Walked and Used Horses Southwest Pueblo People: Walked

11. American Indians—Occupations Eastern Woodlands Powhatan: Fishermen, Hunters, and Farmers Plains Lakota: Hunters and Horsemen Southwest Pueblo People: Farmers and Hunters

12. Changes in American Indian Cultures American Indian cultures have changed over time. Today, American Indians live and work in Virginia and the United States.

13. 2.3 Changes in Community Life Words to Know Community A place where people live, work, and play Population The number of people living in a community Transportation A way of moving people and things from one place to another

14. Communities– Past and Present The way people live today is different from the way people lived long ago. New inventions have led to changes in buildings, jobs, transportation, and populations of communities over time.

15. 2.4 Map Skills Words to Know Climate The kind of weather an area has over a long period of time Land The shape of the land’s surface Environment Surroundings

16. Locating China China is located in Asia.

17. Locating Egypt Egypt is located in Africa

18. Locating the United States The United States is located in North America.

19. China Climate Seasons Land Forests, Hills, Mountains, Deserts

20. Egypt Climate Seasons Land Forests, Hills, Mountains, Deserts

21. Eastern Woodlands Indians Powhatan Climate Mild winters Hot humid summers Land Rivers, hills, mountains, coastland

22. Plains Indians Lakota Climate Hot summers, harsh, cold winters Land Plains, Prairies Rolling Hills

23. Southwest Indians Pueblo People Climate Hot days, cold nights Light rainfall Land High flatlands

24. Ways They Related to Their Environment The ancient Chinese fished, farmed, and irrigated the land. The ancient Chinese settled along the Huang He River.

25. Ways They Related to Their Environment The ancient Egyptians farmed and irrigated the land near the Nile River.

26. Ways They Related to Their Environment The Powhatansfarmed, fished, hunted, used trees for homes and canoes, and gathered plants for food.

27. Ways They Related to Their Environment The Lakota moved around the region to hunt for buffalo. They later used horses for transportation.

28. Ways They Related to Their Environment The Pueblo farmed the land. They lived in villages in houses made from adobe (clay).

29. 2.5 Map Skills · Equator An imaginary line around the middle of the Earth · Continent A large body of land on the Earth

30. 7 Continents · North America · South America · Europe · Asia · Africa · Australia · Antarctica

31. 5 Oceans · Arctic Ocean · Atlantic Ocean · Indian Ocean · Pacific Ocean · Southern Ocean

32. Locating Continents and Oceans

33. Physical Features of the U.S.Mountain Ranges and Bodies of Water · James River · Mississippi River · Rio Grande · Appalachian Mountains · Rocky Mountains · Great Lakes

34. Selected World Rivers Nile River in Africa

35. Selected World Rivers Huang He River in China

37. Map of Virginia

38. 2.7 Resources · Natural Resources Materials that come from nature · Human Resources People working to produce goods and services · Capital Resources Goods made by people and used to produce other goods and services

39. Natural Resources · Water · Soil · Wood · Coal

40. Human Resources · Farmers · Miners · Builders · Painters

41. Capital Resources · Hammers · Computers · Trucks · Lawn Mowers · Factory Buildings

42. 2.8 Exchanging Goods and Services Words to Know Barter The exchange of goods and services without the use of money Money Coins, paper bills, and checks used in exchange for goods and services

43. 2.9 Limited Resources Require Choices Words to Know · Scarcity Not being able to meet all wants at the same time · Consumer A person who uses goods and services · Producer A person who uses resources to make goods and/or provide services People make economic choices because resources and goods and services are scarce (limited).

44. 2.10 Responsibilities of a Good Citizen · Respecting and protecting the rights and property of others · Taking part in the voting process when making classroom decisions · Describing actions that can improve the school and community · Demonstrating self-discipline and self-reliance · Practicing honesty and trustworthiness

45. 2.11 George Washington He led the fight for freedom from England and helped establish a new country.

46. Abraham Lincoln He was the President of the United States who helped to free African American slaves.

47. Susan B. Anthony She led the struggle to give women equal rights, including the right to vote.

48. Helen Keller She overcame disabilities and worked to help others who were blind and deaf.

49. Jackie Robinson He was the first African American player in the major leagues of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

50. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was an African American minister who worked so that all people would be treated fairly. He led peaceful marches and gave speeches.

51. 2.12 Diversity Voters in Virginia elect officials to make decisions for them in the state and local governments. The people living in Virginia have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions and participate in and contribute to their communities.

52. Diversity · People living in the United States who have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions participate in and contribute to their communities. · People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities of good citizens.

53. United as Americans by Common Principles · While people in our communities have different ethnic and cultural origins, they are united as Americans by common principles and traditions. · People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities of good citizens.

54. United as Americans by Common Principles · People share the principles of respecting and protecting the rights and property of others, participating in school and community activities, demonstrating self-discipline and self- reliance, and practicing honesty and trustworthiness.