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- 2. Topographic Map Earth What do you think the ocean floor would look like if we drain all the
- 3. The Ocean Floor What do you think the ocean floor would look like if we drain all the seawater?
- 4. SEAFLOOR BATHYMETRY Many topographic features that exist on the ocean basin are obtained after World War I using the following technologies: 1 Echo Sounder 2 Side-scan Sonar 3 Satellite altimetry (Click blue textbox to show image) is the study of underwater depth of the ocean floor.
- 5. OCEAN BASIN Are the results of tectonic forces and processes which are formed from volcanic rock that was released from fissures located at the mid-oceanic ridges.
- 6. 1) Pacific Ocean 4) Southern Ocean 3) Indian Ocean 5) Arctic Ocean 2) Atlantic Ocean Major Ocean Basins
- 7. OCEAN BASIN OCEAN BASIN are low areas of the seafloor
- 8. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF
- 9. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Is normally found rising above the ocean floor at the center of ocean basins.
- 11. The Mid-Atlantic ridge is an underwater mountain range. It is part of the most extensive chain of mountains that wraps around the globe for more than 65,000 km. North American Plate Mid-Atlantic ridge
- 12. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Found in the center of mid-oceanic ridge, between 30-50 km wide and 1,000-3,000 m deep.
- 13. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES RIFT VALLEY
- 14. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF A small elevated landform that rises from the great depths of the ocean.
- 15. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES ABBYSAL PLAINS
- 16. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF A large submerged volcanic mountain rising from the ocean floor.
- 18. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Are long narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the ocean floor that contain the greatest depths.
- 19. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OCEAN TRENCHES
- 20. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Can be found at the continental rise in water 4,000 to 6,000 meters deep.
- 21. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OCEAN FLOOR
- 22. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Numerous numbers of these topographical features can be found in ocean basin, approxi-mately 10,000.
- 24. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Can be found at the base of the continental slope. Its depth ranges from 2,000-5,000 me-ters deep.
- 26. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Are V-shaped canyons cut into the continental slope to a depth of up to 1200 meters.
- 28. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Is a shallow, gently sloping part of the continental crust with at an average depth of 130 m that borders the continent.
- 30. OCEAN BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 1 3 5 7 9 1 1 MID-OCEANIC RIDGE ABBYSAL PLAINS OCEAN TRENCHES VOLCANOES SUBMARINE CANYONS 2 CONTINENTAL SLOPE 4 6 8 1 0 RIFT VALLEY SEAMOUNT OCEAN FLOOR CONTINENTAL RISE CONTINENTAL SHELF Extends from the continental shelf at an average depth of 135 meters
- 32. Which of the following statements are TRUE? The seafloor is flat or bowl-shaped and the deepest portion is in the middle. The seafloor is the same age as the continents. The entire seafloor is the same age. The Earth is expanding; seafloor is created but never destroyed. Continents drift through the ocean and oceanic currents are responsible for
- 33. All of the following statements are misconceptions. We’ll discuss them further… The seafloor is flat or bowl-shaped and the deepest portion is in the middle. The seafloor is the same age as the continents. The entire seafloor is the same age. The Earth is expanding; seafloor is created but never destroyed. Continents drift through the ocean and
- 34. RECALL the Evidences of Continental Drift Theory Topographic Evidence, Fossil Correlation, Rock Formation and Paleoclimatic Evidence RECALL why many scientists rejected Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift? Wegener could not conceive of an acceptable mechanism for moving the continents around.
- 35. SEAFLOOR SPREADING DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITY After the activity, try answering the following questions: 1. How sea floor spreading happens? 2. How does the movement of the seafloor affects the continents? 3. Can seafloor spreading help prove continental drift theory? https://youtu.be/V0h8v2w3LGU?list=TLPQMzAwNDIwMjAzbEu4EGHGgA https://youtu.be/5eka88IOJ-I?list=TLPQMzAwNDIwMjAzbEu4EGHGgA
- 36. HARRY HESS THE THEORY OF SEAFLOOR SPREADING In the 1960’s Harry Hess, an American Geophysicist theorized that the seafloor is a hundred million years younger than the continents. He suggested that not only were the continents moving but the seafloor was also moving. He theorized that
- 37. SEAFLOOR SPREADING SEAFLOO R the ground at the bottom of the ocean SEAFLOOR SPREADING the process of creating new seafloor
- 38. Observations/Evidences that lead to the idea of SEAFLOOR SPREADING A. Distribution of seafloor topographic features – distribution of mid-ocean ridges and depth of the seafloor B. Sediment thickness – fine layer of sediment covering much of the seafloor becomes progressively thicker away from mid-ocean ridge axis; seafloor sediment not as thick as previously thought C. Composition of oceanic crust – consists primarily of basalt D. High heat flow along mid-ocean ridge axes – led scientists to speculate that magma is rising into the crust just below the mid-ocean ridge axis E. Distribution of submarine earthquakes – earthquakes do not occur randomly but define distinct belts (earthquake belts follow trenches, mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults).
- 39. HOW DO SEAFLOOR SPREADS? Molten material or magma from the Earth's mantle rises up because of mantle convection at ocean ridges, causing volcanic and seismic activity,
- 41. PALEOMAGNETIS M A proof that supports seafloor spreading. It tells how far from the poles rocks were when they were formed by looking at the angle of their
- 42. Want to Learn More? Credits to: M.R. Dela Peña Edited by: R.N. Visit the following websites: • https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcqEnmIPui8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAAuY3l42qc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WgzkjPV5Sg