Preclinical Screening of Antiasthmatic DrugsShubham Kolge
Bronchial asthma is characterized by both bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation which leads to bronchial hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli. Different mediators are implicated in asthma. As the precise etiology is not known and multiple biochemical processes are triggered by different causative factors, it is difficult to have a single drug which can effectively and simultaneously act upon different mediators. This led to an intense search for potent and safe antiasthmatic drugs. This presentation intends to compile different screening methods for the evaluation of new candidate drugs with potential for the treatment of asthma. These include in vitro, in vivo, receptor binding and enzymatic methods.
Screening methods of immunomodulators by shivam diwakerShivam Diwaker
Immune Modulators are the substances or drugs or chemical compounds that are used for the modification in the Immune system such as stimulate and suppress.
Preclinical Screening of Antiasthmatic DrugsShubham Kolge
Bronchial asthma is characterized by both bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation which leads to bronchial hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli. Different mediators are implicated in asthma. As the precise etiology is not known and multiple biochemical processes are triggered by different causative factors, it is difficult to have a single drug which can effectively and simultaneously act upon different mediators. This led to an intense search for potent and safe antiasthmatic drugs. This presentation intends to compile different screening methods for the evaluation of new candidate drugs with potential for the treatment of asthma. These include in vitro, in vivo, receptor binding and enzymatic methods.
Screening methods of immunomodulators by shivam diwakerShivam Diwaker
Immune Modulators are the substances or drugs or chemical compounds that are used for the modification in the Immune system such as stimulate and suppress.
Assignment on Preclinical Screening of ImmunomodulatorsDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo, in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordinationpradnya Jagtap
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordination
A. Motor activity and behaviour
1. Method of intermittent observation
2.Open field test
3.Hole board test
4.Combined open field test
B.Test for muscle coordination
1.Inclined plane method
2.Chimny test
3.Grip strength
4.Rotarod method
Pharmacological screening of Anti-psychotic agentsAbin Joy
Presentation contents are:
Introduction, Definition of psychosis, Classification of anti-psychotics, MOA of anti-psychotic agents and screening models.
Preclinical Screening for Neurodegenerative Disease (Multiple Sclerosis)Drx Burade
This file includes introduction to multiple sclerosis (MS) , their sign and symptoms , types of multiple sclerosis, pathophysiology of MS , again this includes the medication that are used to treat MS , & the last point is the Preclinical Screening models or methods for multiple sclerosis . Preclinical Screening models includes in vivo and in vitro models
Assignment on Preclinical Screening of ImmunomodulatorsDeepak Kumar
Assignment on Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo, in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordinationpradnya Jagtap
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordination
A. Motor activity and behaviour
1. Method of intermittent observation
2.Open field test
3.Hole board test
4.Combined open field test
B.Test for muscle coordination
1.Inclined plane method
2.Chimny test
3.Grip strength
4.Rotarod method
Pharmacological screening of Anti-psychotic agentsAbin Joy
Presentation contents are:
Introduction, Definition of psychosis, Classification of anti-psychotics, MOA of anti-psychotic agents and screening models.
Preclinical Screening for Neurodegenerative Disease (Multiple Sclerosis)Drx Burade
This file includes introduction to multiple sclerosis (MS) , their sign and symptoms , types of multiple sclerosis, pathophysiology of MS , again this includes the medication that are used to treat MS , & the last point is the Preclinical Screening models or methods for multiple sclerosis . Preclinical Screening models includes in vivo and in vitro models
openings allow microbial colonization of the central nervous systemRotRot8
Therefore, the CNS is an arsenic environment-it has no normal microbiota.
Pathogens may access the CNS
through breaks in the bones and meninges,
Through medical procedures such as spinal taps, or by traveling via axonal transport in peripheral neurons in the CNS.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize foreign agents, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
Contents
IntroductionWhat are vaccine?
History of vaccineIdeal properties of vaccine.
Mechanism of vaccine
Types of vaccineUptake of antigen
Single shot vaccine
Mucosal delivery vaccine
Transdermal delivery vaccineReferences
SEMINAR BASICS OF IMMUNOLOGY- Antigens antibodies immunoglobulins and comple...DrShinyKajal
The basics of Immunology consisting of -
1. BASIC DEFINITIONS
2. HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY
3. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY OF IMMUNOLOGY
4- TYPES OF IMMUNITY (including COMPLEMENT SYSTEM)
5- CELLS AND TISSUES OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
6-ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
7- IMMUNOGLOBULINS
8- MHC AND CYTOKINES
Antiemetic pharmacology and classification are fundamental aspects of understanding how drugs are used to manage nausea and vomiting, common symptoms in various medical conditions. Antiemetics encompass a diverse group of medications that play a crucial role in providing relief to patients. These drugs are classified into several categories based on their mechanisms of action and target receptors. One important class of antiemetics is serotonin antagonists, which work by blocking serotonin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Dopamine antagonists, on the other hand, target dopamine receptors and are particularly effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Antihistamines, often used for motion sickness, act on histamine receptors, while corticosteroids have broad anti-inflammatory effects and are employed in various situations where nausea and vomiting are problematic. NK1 receptor antagonists are newer additions to the antiemetic arsenal and specifically target substance P receptors. Lastly, cannabinoids, derived from cannabis, have gained attention for their potential antiemetic properties. Understanding the pharmacological mechanisms and classifications of these antiemetic drugs is essential for healthcare professionals to select the most appropriate treatment for their patients, tailored to the underlying cause and individual needs.
this will give brief about the peptic ulcer and give information about the drug used for peptic ulcer and classification of drugs including drugs and there use adverse effect.
general anesthesia are the drug given before surgery which have reversible effect on consciousness. discussing ideal GA, stages of GA, mechanism of action of GA, classification of drugs parenteral or inhaled.
the presentation gives knowledge about principle or fluorometry, factors that affect fluorescence including quenching instruments used in fluorometry, and the applications of fluorometry. added references in the end for more knowledge.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
2. Content :
• Introduction
• Screening model of multiple sclerosis
• References
3. Introduction
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease
that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system,
destroying the myelin and the axon in variable degrees
• and producing significant physical disability within 20–25 years in
more than 30% of patients.
4. • Inflammation: body’s own immune cells attack the nervous system.
• Demyelination : myelin (protective covering of the nerves)is
destroyed leaving multiple areas of scar tissue or sclerosis
• It is a progressive disease
5.
6. Screening model for multiple sclerosis:
1. In-vitro models:
• neurons
• Microglia
• Oligodendrocytes
• Brain slice and aggregate systems
• Blood –brain barrier models
7. 2. In-vivo model:
• experimental autoimmune encephalomyeltis
• viral
• toxin model
• transgenic ,mutant and parabiotic
• mice
8. In-vitro models:
• Microglia
• Microglia activation is observed in actively demyelinating MS lesions,
pre-active lesions, area of remyelination as well as the normal –
appearing white matter
• Primary microglia cultures are derived from embryonic or early post-
natal animals
9. Procedure
• This method is simple and allows for relatively high yield of cells
• Microglia can also be separated from confluent primary mixed glial
culture by agitation on a rotary shaker , producing a highly enriched
cell culture(more than 95%)
• Given that microglia in a brain, he initial trigger of microglia activation
• Microglia phenotype supportive of regeneration is observed at the
earliest stages of demyelination
10. In-vivo test:
1. Experimental Auto Immune Encephalomyelitis
• EAE is a spectrum of neurological disorder induced in lab animals following
immunisation with CNS
• These models generally use purified myelin, recombinant protein or
encephalitogenic peptides of myelinproteins
• EAE studies used myelin basic proteins (MBP) since it is a major protein
component of the myelin sheath and highly soluble, and can therefor be purified
relatively easily
11. Procedure :
• Active EAE relies on CNS- reactive T cells that are induced
following immunization by an autoantigen
• Emulsified in an adjuvant , while passive or adaptive transfer EAE
is induced by transferring the autoreactive T cells to native
recipient animals
• Adjuvants used for EAE induction frequently contain killed
mycobacteria that elicit T cell responses as well as antibody
production due to innate immune activation via Toll- like receptor
triggering
12. Continue….
• The first adjuvant of EAE studies was an oil in water emulsion called
incomplete freund’s adjuvant. Addition of inactivated DRIED
MYCOBACTERIA SUCH as M. butyricum , M. tuberculosis
• This has led to the development of secondary progressive EAE,
models of cortical demyelinated and experimental inflammatory
neuro-degenrative and spastic disease.
13. 2. viral
• Several mech. Have been proposed to explain how viruses can induce
demyelinated , and may thus be involved in MS.
• Damage may either result from a direct effect on neurons, in which case
myelin damage occur as a secondary event
14. Procedure
• Some of the virus are used to induce the disorder, virus infection
could additionally induce or augment autoimmunity to myelin and
neurons via several pathways
1. Semliki forest virus
2. Japanese macaques encephalomyelitis
3. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus
15. 1. Semliki forest virus
• It does not cause demyelination in human. SFV is an enveloped
Togavirus, first isolated from mosquitoes in 1942. the common strains
used to induce myelin damage in mice are the mutant M9 and avirulent
A7. SFV is neuroinvasive.
• Once inoculated peripherally and after crossing the BBB, the virus
infects neuron and oligodendrocytes. While the M9 strain is highly
virulent , casing death in 10-20% of adult mice or paralysis as a result of
neuronal damage
16. 2. JAPANESE MACAQUES ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
• A spontaneous inflammatory demyelinating disease was reported in a
colony of japanese macaque in Oregon from which a gamma –herpes
virus was isolated
3. THEILER,S MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
• TME virus, first identified by Max Theiler, is a natural pathogen of mice,
causing paralysis and encephalomyelitis
• TME virus infection induces clinical neurological disease in
immunocompetent mice, along with atrophy of the brain an a spinal
cord.
17. Toxin model
• These models, demyelination is induced after focal application or
systemic administration of toxins.
• Agents for focal demyelination used so far are
• Lysolecithin, also called LPC
• Ethidium bromide
• Antibodies to oligodendrocyte- related proteins
• Bacterial endotoxin
18. Reference :
• Snell’s clinical neuroanatomy 7th edition
• Harsh Mohan ,Text book of Pathology, published in 2005.
• Baukje J. van der star etal., invitro an invivo models of multiple
sclerosis CNS &Neurological Disorder – Drug Target, 2012 ,11,
570-588