scratch course-part2-2023.pdf

Artificial intelligence
in Scratch Tutorial
for kids
Doaa Mohey Eldin
PhD researcher
Faculty of computers & Artificial intelligence
Cairo University
1
d.mohey2020@gmail.com
Scratch Tutorial for kids by Doaa Mohey

Agenda
• Part1: Welcome to the World of
Artificial Intelligence!
• What is Artificial Intelligence?
• What is Scratch-based Artificial
Intelligence?
• How Does Scratch AI Work?
• Example: Scratch AI
• Scratch AI Coding
• Scratch AI Types
• Scratch AI Aspects
• Scratch AI Projects
• AI Projects for Kids
• The Future of Scratch AI
• Part2: Introduction to Machine
Learning for kids.
• what is Machine Learning?
• What is Scratch-based machine
learning?
• How does Machine Learning
work?
• Example: Creating Scratch-based
machine learning model.
• Testing and improving your
model.
• conclusion
2
http://scratch.mit.edu
• Part3: Scratch Examples
• Scratch Games Examples
• ML project Example

Part 1
• Welcome to the World of Artificial Intelligence!
• What is Artificial Intelligence?
• What is Scratch-based Artificial Intelligence?
• How Does Scratch AI Work?
• Example: Scratch AI
• Scratch AI Coding
• Scratch AI Types
• Scratch AI Projects
• AI Projects for Kids
• The Future of Scratch AI
3

Welcome to the World of Artificial
Intelligence!
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging
branch of computer science concerned with
building smart machines capable of performing
tasks that typically require human intelligence.
• Scratch is a free programmable toolkit that
enables kids to create their own games,
interactive art, and animated stories.
4

What is Artificial Intelligence?
• Artificial Intelligence, or AI for short, is a type
of technology that allows machines to learn
and make decisions like humans do. It's like
having a robot brain that can think and solve
problems on its own!
• For example, is self-driving cars, which use AI
to navigate and avoid obstacles. Pretty cool,
right?
5

What is Scratch-based Artificial
Intelligence?
• Scratch-based Artificial Intelligence: this tool
introduces machine learning by providing
hands-on experiences for training machine
learning systems and building with them.
• Scratch-based Artificial Intelligence is
considered a type of technology that allows
machines to learn and make decisions like
humans do. It's like having a robot brain that
can think and solve problems on its own!
6

How Does Scratch AI Work?
• Scratch Artificial intelligence (AI) works by using
algorithms to analyze data and make decisions based on
that analysis. One way that AI can be used is through
machine learning, where the system is trained on large
amounts of data to recognize patterns and make
predictions.
• Scratch AI can be used is through natural language
processing, which involves teaching computers to
understand human language. This can be used for tasks
such as a language translation or speech recognition.
7

Example: Scratch AI
Scratch Tutorial for kids by Doaa Mohey 8

Example: Scratch AI

Scratch AI Coding
• Scratch is a block-based programming language.
• Scratch coding is defined as the process of writing and running programs
using Scratch, a free programming language and code editor that helps
young learners understand coding logic using blocks and visual aids. This
article defines the concept of Scratch coding and its uses in computer
science and programming.
• Scratch AI project for kids can create using Scratch is a virtual pet. Kids can
use different blocks in Scratch to program their pet to perform certain
actions, such as playing fetch or responding to their name.

Scratch AI Types
12
• There are two primary types of coding languages: text-based and block-based.
• For example Scratch creative AI projects for kids are chatbot, Face recognition,
sorting, and creating game.
Scratch coding
Text-based
Block-based

Scratch AI Aspects
1. Learning. The gathering data and formulating the rules
are the main necessary process to transform it into
useful knowledge in the learning process in scratch AI.
2. Reasoning. Using a suitable algorithm.
3. Self-correction. It is main benefit to improve
algorithms and make sure they deliver the most precise
results.
4. Creativity. This branch of AI creates new images, texts,
songs, and ideas using neural networks, rules-based
systems, statistical techniques, and other AI tools.
AI programming
aspects
Learning
Reasoning
Self-correction
Creativity
• AI programming Aspects are important in implementation any scratch AI
programs, that are as the following

Scratch AI Projects

The Future of Scratch AI
• The future of Scratch AI:
– the possibilities for AI are endless.
– From self-driving cars to robots that can assist with everyday tasks, AI
has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work, but with
great power comes great responsibility.
• So what can you do to make a positive difference with AI? The possibilities
are limitless!
• Remember, the future is in our hands. With creativity and innovation, the
proposed used scratch AI is to make a real difference in the world.

Ability of a machine to imitate intelligent
human behavior
Application of AI that allows a system to
automatically learn and improve from
experience
Application of machine learning that uses
complex algorithms and deep neural nets to
train a model

Part 2
• Introduction to machine learning for kids.
• what is machine learning?
• What is Scratch-based machine learning?
• How does machine learning work?
• Creating a machine learning model in scratch.
• Testing and improving your model.
• conclusion
18

Introduction to Machine Learning
(ML) for kids
• Training machine learning systems and creating things
with them, this tool introduces machine learning.
• It offers a simple-to-use guided environment for
developing machine learning models for text, numeric,
or image recognition.
• By integrating these models into Scratch (a popular
educational coding platform), this expands on current
initiatives to introduce and teach coding to kids.
• This will enable kids to construct projects and develop
games using the machine learning models.

What is Machine Learning (ML)?
• Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial
intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses
on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way
that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.
• Machine learning is a type of computer program that
helps computers learn from data, just like how you
learn from your experiences. Imagine you're trying to
teach a computer how to recognize different types of
animals.
20

What is Scratch-based Machine
Learning?
• Scratch-based Machine learning is when computers
learn how to do things without being specifically
programmed to do them. It's like teaching a robot to
think for itself!
• For example of machine learning (ML), ML is teaching a
computer how to play a game. Just like how you get
better at a game the more you play it, a computer can
use machine learning to improve its performance.
• Example, the computer would then use this
information to try and recognize new animals it hasn't
seen before! 21

How Does Scratch ML Work?
• To create a machine learning model in Scratch, we first need to gather data. This can
be done by collecting information from sensors or by manually inputting data into
the program.
• Next, we need to train the model using algorithms that allow it to recognize
patterns and make predictions based on the data we've collected. We can then test
the model and make adjustments as needed to improve its accuracy.
• For example, a machine learning algorithm cloud be trained on a dataset of cat
images to recognize when a new image contains a cat.
22

Example: Creating Scratch-based machine
learning model.
Face sensing
block
Face sensing
conditions

learning model.
New block
Speak
control

learning model.
Translate
block
Example

learning model.
Music block

learning model.
Example
music
Example with
many controls

learning model.
New created
block

learning model.
Pen controls Control pen

Coding Scratch AI
• Types of Blocks in Scratch
1. Motion blocks (Blue): control the movement of a sprite (character or object) on the stage. For
example, you can use motion blocks to make a sprite move in a certain direction or go to a specific
position.
2. Looks blocks (Purple): change the appearance of a sprite, such as by changing its costume or size.
3. Sound blocks (Pink): play sounds or music in your program.
4. Events blocks (Yellow): set up events that trigger your program to run, such as when the green flag is
clicked or when a certain key is pressed.
5. Control blocks (Tangerine): control the flow of your program, such as by repeating a section of code
or stopping the program.
6. Sensing blocks (Teal): create programs that respond to input from the user or the environment. For
example, you can use sensing blocks to check if the mouse is clicked or if a sprite is touching another
sprite.
7. Operator blocks (Green): perform mathematical operations or compare values in your program.
8. Variables blocks (Orange): create variables (named values that can change) in your program and use
them to store and manipulate data.
30

Coding Scratch AI
• Types of Blocks in Scratch
9. Add block: with our proposed name and condition.
10. Music: This extension enables users to play MIDI notes on various instruments.
11. Video sensing: Projects can communicate with a camera using this extension.
12. Translate: Using the Translate plugin, text may be translated into various languages.
13. Pen: The Pen add-on enables users to sketch on the stage using a pen.
14. Text to speech: This allows text to be read aloud.
15. The LEGO MINDSTORM EV3 extension: It permits Scratch projects to connect with LEGO
MINDSTORM EV3 devices.
16. The Micro:bit extension: It enables Scratch projects to communicate with micro:bit projects.

Machine learning for kids
32
By providing free practical
experiences for training machine
learning systems and creating
things with them, this free tool
introduces machine learning.
For training machine learning
models to recognize text,
numbers, photos, or sounds, it
offers a simple, supervised
environment.
Machine learning is pervasive.
Everyday tools like spam filters,
recommendation engines,
language translators, chatbots
and digital assistants, search
engines, and fraud detection
systems are all examples of
machine learning systems that
we all use. Machine learning
systems will soon be
commonplace in driving our
automobiles and assisting
medical professionals in the
diagnosis and treatment of our
illnesses.
The program is fully web-
based and may be used
without any installation or
complicated setup. It has an
admin page that teachers or
group leaders may use to
monitor and administer
access for their students. It
was created for usage in the
classroom by schools and
volunteer-run coding groups
for kids. It is being built by
Dale Lane using APIs
from IBM Watson.

Coding Scratch AI
Pre-trained models
Kids can employ pre-trained models in their assignments. These
sophisticated models make projects possible that would otherwise
be too difficult for students to complete on their own and offer
practical insights into some of the other capabilities of machine
learning.
Scratch AI coding
Programming

Testing and Improving Your Model
• Once you have created your machine learning model, it's time to test and improve
it. Testing is essential for ensuring that your model is accurate and reliable.
• One way to test your model is to use a validation set, which is a subset of your
training data that is used to evaluate the performance of your model. You can also
use metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score to measure the accuracy of your
model.
• To improve your model, you can try adjusting various parameters, such as the
learning rate, batch size, and number of epochs.
• The experiment has different types of algorithms and architectures to see which
ones work best for your particular problem. Additionally, you can try using
techniques such as regularization and dropout to prevent overfitting and improve
generalization.
34

3. Part 3:
• Scratch Examples
• Scratch Game Examples
• Machine learning
project

Scratch Examples

Scratch Game Examples

Scratch Game Example1

Machine learning
project Example

Machine learning Project Example
• How to perform a task from a collection of examples
https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/

https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/#!/mlproject/f3ca9a12-2f78-40ff-97f0-c8066e155a3a/ba1d9aa0-29f6-11ee-8f89-a9207169ef4b/training

Conclusion
• In conclusion, we've learned that machine learning is a powerful tool that
can help us make predictions and decisions based on data. We've seen how
it works through the process of data collection, training, and prediction.
And we've even created our own simple machine learning model using
Scratch!
• But this is just the beginning. Machine learning is a rapidly growing field
with endless possibilities. By continuing to explore and learn about
machine learning, you can become a part of shaping the future of
technology. So keep asking questions, experimenting, and most
importantly, having fun!

Working Scratch
Offline Download
• https://scratch.mit.edu/download
Working online
53
• Scratch is always free and is available in more than 70 languages.
• To open scratch, we can use it as the following,
• https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/editor/?tutorial
=getStarted
https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/#!/login
Machine learning scratch online
https://lab.scratch.mit.edu/face/
AI Scratch online

Animation in scratch
54

Time to play
55

Experimental projects
• Tasks
• Create a game
• Create a story
• Create controls
56

References
• https://www.ibm.com/topics/artificial-intelligence
• https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/#!/about

d.mohey2020@gmail.com
58

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