Scratch is a simple environment designed by the Kindergarden Lifelong Learning Group at MIT. In Scratch, sprites (objects) are manipulated on the stage (background) using various scripts (small program segments). Each sprite has its own set of scripts to control its behaviors and how it interacts with other sprites and events.

1. An intro to programming
concepts with Scratch
Prepared By Bilal Hanbali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2. SCOPE
What is scratch? Why ? How ?
Scratch is a free object-
oriented software
development kit (SDK) that
allows children age 8-16 to
create animations,
interactive stories, games
and music without needing
to know a specific
programming language.
• Scratch does NOT
require syntax
• Scratch can be used to
create sophisticated
programs
• Scratch is extensible
Scratch can either be used
online in a web browser, or
downloaded and used
offline.
Online
https://scratch.mit.edu/
Offline
https://scratch.mit.edu/dow
nload

4. What is Scratch?
• Scratch is a simple environment designed by the Kindergarden
Lifelong Learning Group at MIT.
• In Scratch, sprites (objects) are manipulated on the stage
(background) using various scripts (small program segments).
Each sprite has its own set of scripts to control its behaviors and
how it interacts with other sprites and events.

5. What is Programming
• Programming
• A computer program is simply to
• It is like a recipe: a set of instructions to tell a cook how to make a dish.
is the art of making a computer do what you want it to do
a set of instructions Tell computer how to perform a task.

6. Why Scratch
•Help kids become fluent with
Digital media
Express themselves creatively
Make connections to powerful ideas.
Learn important computational ideas.
Reason systematically.

7. Let’s Get Started!

8. BASIC INTERFACE

9. MENU:
• This is how you can create a ‘New’ project, ‘Open’ or ‘Save’ an existing
project, ‘Save (a new project) as’ whatever name you choose, ‘Undo’ a
previous action, and obtain ‘Help’.
BLOCK DESCRIPTIONS:
The block categories are all color coded so
when you see a block of a specific color,
you can quickly determine which category it
came from.

10. GREEN FLAG / RED STOP
• Typically you click on the Green Flag to start your main program(s) and
the Red Stop sign to end them.

11. LEARNING TO SCRATCH
• The best way to learn Scratch is through experimentation. As it is an
interactive environment, feel free to stop and experiment as you work
through this tutorial.
WRITING SIMPLE SCRIPTS
• To create a script, we simply drag a block from the Blocks Palette onto
the Scripts Area. To run it, we can double-click it and observe what
happens on the stage. Let’s try…
Can be an number

12. Training Objective
Dancing CAT

13. STEPS
Step 1
• Start
Moving
Step 2
• Add a
Sound
Step 3
• Start a
Dance
Step 4
• Loop

14. Double click on the desktop icon

15. Drag a MOVE block into the Scripts area Add a Sound
Drag out a PLAY DRUM and snap it onto the MOVE block.Click on the block to make the cat move.

16. Behind the code
• Drag out a PLAY DRUM and snap it onto the MOVE block.
Click and listen.
If you can’t hear it,
check that the
sound on your
computer is on.
You can choose different
drums from the pull-down
menu.

17. Start a Dance
Add another MOVE block. Click
inside the block and type in a
minus sign.
Click on any of the
blocks to run the
stack.
Add another PLAY
DRUM block, then
choose a drum
from the menu.
Click to run.

18. Again and Again

19. Drag out a REPEAT block and drop it on top of the stack. You want the mouth of
the REPEAT to wrap around the other blocks.
To drag a stack, pick it up from the top block.

20. Green Flag
Whenever you click the green flag, your script will start.
To stop, click the stop button.

21. Add a Background

23. Where to find Scratch
• Online Verison - http://scratch.mit.edu
• Offline Version - https://scratch.mit.edu/download
• Requirements- Adobe AIR - https://get.adobe.com/air/
• Support Materials -
https://scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/sa/Scratch2StarterProjects.zip
https://cdn.scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/__709da8e5f3d72129538a4
ccdbcbf5f2a__/pdfs/help/Getting-Started-Guide-Scratch2.pdf
https://cdn.scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/__709da8e5f3d72129538a4
ccdbcbf5f2a__/pdfs/help/Scratch2Cards.pdf

24. Try Your First Project!