Higher education and research are important for urban forestry and landscape management. They help by (1) creating awareness about biodiversity preservation, (2) formulating effective policies and laws, and (3) enabling better planning and management of the urban landscape.
www.docgreen.it - 3 capitolo del manuale *Urban and Periurban Forests. Management, monitoring and eco system services*.
Il manuale è stato concepito come un prodotto multimediale continuamente aperto ad aggiornamenti e arricchimenti. Rappresenta il risultato del lavoro di un équipe multidisciplinare che ha affrontato, da più punti di vista, il tema delle foreste urbane e periurbane, offrendo riflessioni, spunti e indicazioni tecnico/scientifiche in merito alla loro pianificazione, monitoraggio e manutenzione.
Per questo il manuale costituisce un utile strumento per tecnici, professionisti, amministratori coinvolti nella gestione del patrimonio verde urbano e periurbano.
National Forestry Policy Review; key emerging issues for Reflection and consi...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during a workshop that involved Members of Parliament on the Natural Resources and Climate Change Committee of Parliament. The workshop was organized by the Ecological Christian Organization. The objective of the workshop was to create awareness among the Honorable members of Parliament about the ongoing review of the National Forestry Policy, (a process coordinated by the Forest Sector Support Department in the Ministry of Water and Environment). Furthermore, to get their general feedback and specific inputs into the review process with due consideration of the various emerging issues in the Forestry sector over the last 18 years since the forestry policy and legal framework came into force in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Thus, the presentation raised various emerging issues in this respect for consideration during the review process and also suggested recommendation on how the Honorable Members of Parliament should proactively engage in the process to ensure that resultant policy framework adequately addresses the emerging issues and also stands the taste of time.
Key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry Sub-sector.Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered at the launch event for the Climate Technology Needs Assessment Report for Uganda. The event was organized by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology at the Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala on 21st March 2021. It presents the key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry sub sector in Uganda.
Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review pro...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during an interactive session in a training workshop on, ‘Forest Certification Module,‘ organized by the Ecological Christian Organization at Esella Country Resort Hotel, 17th July 2020. The presentation focus on, ‘Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review process.’ Thus, it highlights the emerging issues in respect to forest certification in Uganda and suggests recommendation of how these should be addressed in the ongoing review of the national forestry policy and legal framework in Uganda. This process is currently spearheaded and coordinated by the Forestry Sector Support Department (FSSD) of the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE).
Poster presented at the African Landscapes Dialogue in Addis Ababa, March 6-9, 2017, by Sisay Nune Hailemariam, Teshome Soromessa, and Demel Teketay. #LandscapesDialogue
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
www.docgreen.it - 3 capitolo del manuale *Urban and Periurban Forests. Management, monitoring and eco system services*.
Il manuale è stato concepito come un prodotto multimediale continuamente aperto ad aggiornamenti e arricchimenti. Rappresenta il risultato del lavoro di un équipe multidisciplinare che ha affrontato, da più punti di vista, il tema delle foreste urbane e periurbane, offrendo riflessioni, spunti e indicazioni tecnico/scientifiche in merito alla loro pianificazione, monitoraggio e manutenzione.
Per questo il manuale costituisce un utile strumento per tecnici, professionisti, amministratori coinvolti nella gestione del patrimonio verde urbano e periurbano.
National Forestry Policy Review; key emerging issues for Reflection and consi...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during a workshop that involved Members of Parliament on the Natural Resources and Climate Change Committee of Parliament. The workshop was organized by the Ecological Christian Organization. The objective of the workshop was to create awareness among the Honorable members of Parliament about the ongoing review of the National Forestry Policy, (a process coordinated by the Forest Sector Support Department in the Ministry of Water and Environment). Furthermore, to get their general feedback and specific inputs into the review process with due consideration of the various emerging issues in the Forestry sector over the last 18 years since the forestry policy and legal framework came into force in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Thus, the presentation raised various emerging issues in this respect for consideration during the review process and also suggested recommendation on how the Honorable Members of Parliament should proactively engage in the process to ensure that resultant policy framework adequately addresses the emerging issues and also stands the taste of time.
Key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry Sub-sector.Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered at the launch event for the Climate Technology Needs Assessment Report for Uganda. The event was organized by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology at the Hilton Garden Inn, Kampala on 21st March 2021. It presents the key outcomes of the Technology Needs Assessment for the Forestry sub sector in Uganda.
Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review pro...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was prepared and delivered during an interactive session in a training workshop on, ‘Forest Certification Module,‘ organized by the Ecological Christian Organization at Esella Country Resort Hotel, 17th July 2020. The presentation focus on, ‘Certification in Uganda: Opportunities for forestry policy and law review process.’ Thus, it highlights the emerging issues in respect to forest certification in Uganda and suggests recommendation of how these should be addressed in the ongoing review of the national forestry policy and legal framework in Uganda. This process is currently spearheaded and coordinated by the Forestry Sector Support Department (FSSD) of the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE).
Poster presented at the African Landscapes Dialogue in Addis Ababa, March 6-9, 2017, by Sisay Nune Hailemariam, Teshome Soromessa, and Demel Teketay. #LandscapesDialogue
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Peter Minang, FTA, ICRAF
Social and environmental justice as a trigger of robust ambitious climate action and prosperous future for all
Chilean pavilion, COP 25, Madrid, 7th December 2019
This study finds that there is strong support for community level approaches to forest management. Securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning is a key step to achieving sustainable forest management.
Evaluating the impacts of REDD+ interventions on forests and peopleCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by CIFOR Scientist Amy Duchelle on behalf of the Global Comparative Study (GCS) REDD+ Subnational Initiatives research group on 12 December 2016 at CBD COP13 in Cancun, Mexico.
GIS Technology in Environmental Protection: Research Directions Based on Lite...EdytaSierka
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2012
This article is designed to identify research directions in application of GIS technology in environmental protection through a literature review. Critical analysis has been used to determine the thematic scope and structure of environmental protection, while bibliometric study identifies research directions. The selection of journals to be investigated is based on journal profiles and scientific prestige, together with analyses of selected articles. Two groups of journals are studied for the period 2007 through 2009. The journals Ecological Engineering, Environmental Research, and Remote Sensing of the Environment are studied in the range of environmental protection and Computers & Geosciences, the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, and Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing are in the range of GIS technology.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Climate Change and Forest Management: Adaptation of Geospatial Technologiesrsmahabir
eraction with the environment, has led to increased concerns about the impact of such disruption on major areas of sustainable development. This has resulted in various innovations in technology, policy and forged alliances at regional and international scales in an effort to reduce humans’ impact on climate. Forests provide a suitable option for reducing the net amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by acting as carbon sinks, thereby forming one part of a more complete solution for combating climate change. At the same time, forests are also sensitive to changes in climate, making sustainable forest management a critical component of present and future climate change strategies. This paper examines the contribution of geospatial technologies in supporting sustainable forest management, emphasizing its use in the classification of forests, estimation of their structure, detecting change and modeling of carbon stocks.
Presented by Veronique (Niki) De Sy at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
This study finds that there is strong support for community level approaches to forest management. Securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning is a key step to achieving sustainable forest management.
Evaluating the impacts of REDD+ interventions on forests and peopleCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by CIFOR Scientist Amy Duchelle on behalf of the Global Comparative Study (GCS) REDD+ Subnational Initiatives research group on 12 December 2016 at CBD COP13 in Cancun, Mexico.
GIS Technology in Environmental Protection: Research Directions Based on Lite...EdytaSierka
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2012
This article is designed to identify research directions in application of GIS technology in environmental protection through a literature review. Critical analysis has been used to determine the thematic scope and structure of environmental protection, while bibliometric study identifies research directions. The selection of journals to be investigated is based on journal profiles and scientific prestige, together with analyses of selected articles. Two groups of journals are studied for the period 2007 through 2009. The journals Ecological Engineering, Environmental Research, and Remote Sensing of the Environment are studied in the range of environmental protection and Computers & Geosciences, the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, and Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing are in the range of GIS technology.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Climate Change and Forest Management: Adaptation of Geospatial Technologiesrsmahabir
eraction with the environment, has led to increased concerns about the impact of such disruption on major areas of sustainable development. This has resulted in various innovations in technology, policy and forged alliances at regional and international scales in an effort to reduce humans’ impact on climate. Forests provide a suitable option for reducing the net amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by acting as carbon sinks, thereby forming one part of a more complete solution for combating climate change. At the same time, forests are also sensitive to changes in climate, making sustainable forest management a critical component of present and future climate change strategies. This paper examines the contribution of geospatial technologies in supporting sustainable forest management, emphasizing its use in the classification of forests, estimation of their structure, detecting change and modeling of carbon stocks.
Presented by Veronique (Niki) De Sy at a workshop on 'Sharing insights across REDD+ countries: Opportunities and obstacles for effective, efficient, and equitable carbon and non-carbon results' from 21-23 February 2017 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
Developing Design Criteria for Sustainable Urban Parks
* Dr. Didem Dizdaroğlu Image result for research orcid
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design, and Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey
E-mail: dizdaroglu@bilkent.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 28 February 2021
Revised: 15 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Available online: 30 August 2021
Keywords:
Sustainable Cities;
Urban Parks;
Green Spaces;
COVID-19;
Sustainable Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
This study investigates how urban parks can contribute to helping cities become more sustainable through developing a set of criteria for the sustainable design of urban parks. Today, there is no example around the world where all the proposed sustainable design criteria are applied together in a specific urban park. In this context, this study aims to make a novel contribution by systematically reviewing the literature on the sustainable design of urban parks. In the light of research findings, this study contributes to the implementation of a comprehensive sustainable park design practice in our cities in the future. These design criteria may further serve as performance indicators to offer information and know-how to local authorities, practitioners, communities, and other actors in this field to help them assess their success levels and progress over time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 69-81.
Application of Geo-informatics in Environmental ManagementMahaMadhu2
Geo-informatics is the science and the technology which develops and uses information science, infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering. “The art, science or technology dealing with the acquisition, storage, processing, production, presentation & dissemination of geo-information“. Perhaps the most important concern for all of us today is protecting the environment we live and breathe in. Climate change issues are creating havoc with erratic weather patterns affecting everything from crop production to untimely melting of ice glaciers.
There is a lot to worry about and immediate action is definitely required. It’s not that the world has not geared up to take corrective actions, but we need to do more, and Geo-informatics can help us achieve that. Geo-informatics is a powerful platform which enables every sector to perform better and the environment is no exception! Coupled with a digital map, GIS allows a user to see locations, events, features, and environmental changes with unprecedented clarity, showing layer upon layer of information such as environmental trends, soil stability, pesticide use, migration corridors, hazardous waste generators, dust source points, lake remediation efforts, and at-risk water wells. Effective environmental practice considers the whole spectrum of the environment. ArcGIS® & other GIS technologies offers a wide variety of analytical tools to meet the needs of many people, helping them make better decisions about the environment. People in the environmental management community use GIS to organize existing information and communicate that information throughout their organizations. GIS can be used as a strategic tool to automate processes, transform environmental management operations by garnering new knowledge, and support decisions that make a profound difference on our environment.
GEOINFORMATION METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY OF NATURAL-SOCIAL-PRODUC...IAEME Publication
The article discusses aspects of the application of geographic information
principles, methods and technologies in the construction of project-oriented spatial
data infrastructures (SDI). It gives a detailed description of the key challenges in
creating effective SDIs, issues of analyzing and forecasting the state of natural-socialproduction
systems, identifies key problems and directions for the development of
SDIs. It was emphasized that the problem-oriented SDI is a complex of specially
organized spatial databases in computer systems equipped with a special control
system and a set of application programs for solving target problems
A study Report on Implementation of GIS in Solid Waste ManagementAM Publications
Increasing human population and economic development and urbanization has resulted in generation of huge quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW). It involves many activities like collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. There is tremendous amount of loss in terms of environment degradation, health hazards and economic descend, due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate waste at initial stages where it is generated. Planners are thus forced to consider alternate and available means of disposal, especially by minimizing damage to the ecosystem and human population. GIS has proved to be boon to such planners by visualizing the real solid waste situations and facilitating route analysis through mapping. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.
Protected Area Conservation Measures and Practices of Community The Case of B...ijtsrd
Biri LAROSA Protected Landscape and Seascape BLPLS is a marine protected area in the Province of Northern Samar and is one of the countrys protected areas facing biological degradation because of human exploitation. Thus, this study assessed conservation programs implementation and community awareness to propose a policy redirection. Using qualitative descriptive research design, data revealed that BLPLS spans 33,492 hectares encapsulating 36 barangays with 18 known implemented conservation programs. The conservation programs investigated in this study covered ecological, economic, social, and cultural functions that aimed to benefit communities. Notably, the programs were well planned, but the problem was generally on the implementation. Some of the conservation programs succeeded because of strong legal basis and proper execution, forged partnership and linkages, prioritization, constant program monitoring and evaluation, and research based decisions, while other programs failed due to lack of commitment, lack of political will, lot of inconsistencies, Filipino negative traits, implementer’s incompetence, lenient monitoring and evaluation, political intrusion, lack coordination, and people’s passive and inadequate knowledge. Therefore, it is certain that successful conservation programs are advantageous to the integrity of the protected area, while failure poses a risk of increased vulnerability to degradation. Ergo, all successful programs must redound for the benefit of both BLPLS and the community people as it champions BLPLS’s ecological integrity. Thus, there researchers highly recommended that various agencies connected with the protected area may imposed a stringent and harmonized implementation of conservation policies, institutional reform, strengthen the capacity of the implementers, community empowerment, creation of reward system, context based environmental education, institutionalization of program impact, and evaluation studies, and data based decision making for program development and plan of BLPLS. Escal, Rene John B. | Malabarbas, Gerald T. "Protected Area Conservation Measures and Practices of Community: The Case of Biri-LAROSA Protected Landscape and Seascape, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49120.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49120/protected-area-conservation-measures-and-practices-of-community-the-case-of-birilarosa-protected-landscape-and-seascape-philippines/escal-rene-john-b
From 27-29 October 2014, WLE, in cooperation with the CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRI) and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry (FTA), held a workshop on Institutions for Ecosystems Services in Washington DC.
The goals of the workshop were to:
-Encourage sharing and discussion on research methods and tools to study the links between institutions and ecosystem services
-Synthesize lessons about institutional arrangements needed to ensure that ecosystem services projects are able to deliver benefits to local resource users and produce local, regional, and national global environmental benefits
-Identify policies and program interventions that can strengthen these institutions
-Outline priorities for future research, policy, and project implementation, particularly of relevance for PIM, WLE, and FTA programs
Landscape Approach Initiatives and Traditional Village Systems: Leaning for S...SIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Similar to SCOPE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN URBAN FORESTRY, LANDSCAPE& URBAN BIODIVERSITY (20)
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. Higher education and research are very helpful in urban
forestry as -(BRINGING NATURE INTO CITY- main aim)
1. It creates awareness among all to preserve the biodiversity.
2. It helps in the formulation of policies and acts.
3. It helps in better planning and management of the urban landscape.
4. It helps in designing the urban landscape in a better way.
5. It helps in arising various preserving methods, technologies and
tools for management.
6. By better understanding about the urban metabolism and urban
ecology, helps proper management.
7. With the help of research, we can find many species of plant
which help in the pollution reduction of that place.
8. Selection and establishment of tree resources and other vegetation
for urban environments.
Fig: Estimation of area coverage by tree
3. National and International efforts for higher education and
research in urban forestry-
Education and training are crucial for developing the capacities needed for
sound and successful urban forestry. It is important to train specialists who
are able to look at urban tree resources as a whole and as a multifunctional
resource, and who are aware of the contributions that different disciplines
and professions can make.
Education and training can take many different forms and occur at many
different levels. Unfortunately, higher education (i.e. at Bachelor level or
higher) on urban forestry is not yet very well developed.
According to a survey, 180 educational institutions in 28 European countries
offered 31 full degree programme and 191 courses and modules that dealt
with (elements of) urban forestry (Andersen et al., 2002).
An increase in the number of programs and courses offered, however, was
noted. Several urban forestry Master’s degree programme have recently
been set up or are under development, including an international Master’s
programme in urban forestry and urban greening in Denmark and Sweden.
Higher urban forestry education is also uncommon and fragmented outside
Europe, with the US as an exception. In the US, urban forestry has become
established as a field of higher education and the number of programs has
grown over time (Miller, 2001).
Developments in higher urban forestry-related education are evident in other
parts of the world. Plans exist, for example, in Malaysia and other Asian
countries to set up urban forestry curricula, possibly in twinning with
programmes in Western countries. As part of the bilateral environmental
cooperation between Denmark and Malaysia, the main Malaysian and
Danish forest research and education organisations started a twinning project
in 2003. The twinning aims to strengthen the cooperation between the two
countries in aspects of forest research, education, policy and management as
a means of promoting sustainable forest management. Urban forestry and
urban greening is a main topic of the twinning. Both countries are in the
4. process of developing higher educational programmes on urban forestry and
urban greening, and are exchanging experiences, staff and students.
Moreover, with the assistance of the International Society of Arboriculture,
Malaysian tree care professionals are being trained and for the first time
ever internationally certified.Continued professional education of its
worldwide membership of experts is a main objective of the International
Society of Arboriculture (ISA). Professionals can be granted, for
example,the status of ISA Certified Arborist, a professional vocational
qualification obtained by passing a theoretical examination on tree care and
management. Several countries have adopted this scheme or developed their
own, with differing success (Johnston, 2001). colleges. This aspect will be
integrated in the entire educational process."
NCERT developed a national curriculum framework in late 2000, which
described desired learning outcomes for students at all levels in the system.
The framework identified Environmental Studies as one of the subjects at
lower primary level. Environmental Studies is one of the prescribed areas of
the official curriculum in primary school and is allotted twenty percent of
school time. As students move up the educational ladder environmental
education as a specific subject disappears but integrated science is taught
and demands that students reflect on observations made on the environment
including the balance of nature and population impacts on natural resources.
Management criteria on the basis of higher education & research-
1. Statistical techniques-various types of statistical techniques
help us in estimating the growth statistics of a particular plant in
a particular area. By these techniques, we can differentiate
between the total green spaces in particular area.
2. Study of urban metabolism- the pathway by which trees and
plants metabolize is not very simple. It is a complicated process.
By this we can estimate various inputs and outputs of a city.
3. Remote sensing and GIS understanding- by remote sensing
we can take the satellite imaginary, which help us in evaluating
the temporal variations in a particular area by various
5. resolution. GIS tools helps in estimating the total green cover in
that particular area.
4. Mathematical computation- various exponential models help
in estimating the future demand and future value of the
productive species. Biomass estimation, urban plants species,
their growth pattern and energy budget estimation as well as
calculation of urban ecological footprint are very much helpful.
5. Ecology of urban organism- if we know about the biodiversity
present in an ecosystem, various invasive species and biotic
homogenization, interactions of these species, and the urban
infectious diseases, the knowledge of these will help in
understanding the planting.
6. Urban landscape designing- if we know proper knowledge
about total space in an urban ecosystem, whether it is gray
space, green space, waste space, or aquatic space then proper
management can be made. Green corridors can be made along
riverside and roadside, so that proper utilization of urban land
can be done.
7. Problem of pollution in urban areas- many plant species and
trees have various bioremediation mechanisms in order to
control the pollution by absorbing these harmful chemicals.
GIS software-
1. CITYgreen-
it is a GIS-based software tool that analyzes the ecological and
economic benefits of tree canopy and other landscape features.
The software calculates dollar benefits for ecosystem services
(e.g., stormwater runoff, air and water pollution removal, and
carbon sequestration and storage) provided by land cover within
a specified geographic area.
6. CITYgreen, developed by American Forests, is an extension to
ESRI’s (Environmental Systems Research Institute) ArcGIS and
works with Windows-based PCs that have ArcGIS.
The analysis is based on a land cover dataset derived from either
aerial photography or satellite imagery and data specific to the
area such as soil type, climate, and rainfall. The dataset is first
“classified” into various land cover features, such as tree canopy,
open space, impervious surfaces, water, etc., before CITYgreen
can analyze the data.
One of the most powerful features of CITYgreen is the ability to
analyze alternate land cover scenarios. Starting with a current
land cover map, users can calculate the effects of future land
cover change before those changes are made.
With land cover maps from earlier time periods, users can also
compare how land cover has changed over time and how these
changes affect the land’s ecosystem services. This becomes an
important decision-making tool.
Communities can see how historic land cover change trends
affected air and water quality and use this information to guide
their land-use planning in the future.
2. i-Tree-
It is developed by U.S. Forest Service Research, State and Private Forestry,
and other cooperators, i-Tree is offered free of charge to anyone wishing to
use it. The i-Tree software suite includes the following urban forest analysis
tools:
• UFORE (Urban Forest Effects Model) is designed to use standardized
field data from randomly located plots throughout a community and local
hourly air pollution and meteorological data to quantify urban forest
structure and numerous urban forest effects and benefits.
• STRATUM (Street Tree Resource Analysis Tool for Urban Forest
Managers) uses a sample or existing tree inventory to describe tree
7. management needs and quantify the value of annual environmental and
aesthetic benefits such as energy conservation, air quality improvement,
CO2 reduction, stormwater control, and property value increases.
Fig: green color shows potential planting sites by GIS tools
Plantation can reduce the toxic pollutants
many plants absorb these heavy metals and recalcitrant substances, which come
from vehicular emissions.
8. Urban landscape
designing
Role of an arborist- Arborists
are trained professionals
knowledgeable and equipped to
provide proper tree care. They
provide a variety to services to
maintain trees. The International
Society of Arborists (ISA) certifies
individuals who have at least
three years of experience and have passed a comprehensive examination. They are
also required to continue their education in order to maintain their certification. ISA
certification is a nongovernmental, voluntary process. It is an internal self-regulating
device administered by ISA, and therefore cannot guarantee or ensure the quality of
performance. Certification provides a measurable assessment of an individual’s
knowledge and competence required to provide proper tree care.
Role of Architects- With rapidly growing public interest in green building design,
accompanied by concerns about urban heat islands and climate change, not to
mention the increased popularity of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) standards for buildings (see www.usgbc.org), architects are currently
in a position to lead the discussion about how a building is sited both on its site as
well as in the greater pattern of urban design to incorporate many benefits of urban
forestry, including energy use, aesthetics, networks of green space, and even
strategic placement to enhance site, block, neighborhood, and community green
infrastructure programming.
Role of Engineers- Public works departments are largely the domain of civil
engineers. Other types of engineers can interact with urban foresters as well to
achieve urban environmental quality goals. Transportation engineers have excellent
opportunities in this regard because of the many ways in which trees and road
design affect each other, such as sight lines, traffic calming, and safety. Miller (1997)
9. details a number of
engineering uses of urban
forestry, such as air
pollution reduction, noise
buffering, erosion control,
and stormwater
management. As cities
move away from their
reliance on gray
infrastructure, engineers
will have new
opportunities to
collaborate with foresters to integrate green infrastructure into their package of
solutions.
Role of Consultants- Every one of the professions noted so far includes some
number of consultants working either independently or as large firms, particularly in
the engineering and architectural fields. They can serve either to fill gaps in
municipal staff expertise or to supply short-term needs for specific kinds of
expertise. In situations where the community feels that developers should bear the
expense of hiring an outside consultant to review or monitor some technical aspect
of a development proposal, development ordinances can spell out what services
must be provided (e.g., certifying compliance with particular standards) and who
will pay for them.
CONCLUSION
Hence from above, it is concluded that a good knowledge about biodiversity, good
methods of species selection, good architecture practices, a well define knowledge
about total space, by integrating new technologies in urban management, engineering
methods and by the formulation and implementation of various policies and laws the
quality of urban life can be improved.