The document discusses research from a project examining the rural-urban fringe (RUF). It explores how spatial planning and the ecosystem approach could transform planning culture and practice. The RUF is a dynamic space where urban and rural interests meet. The project found the RUF is a complex place with competing needs. It suggests spatial planning and the ecosystem approach could provide an integrated, cross-sectoral perspective to planning in the RUF. However, challenges include disconnect between theory and practice and complexity. Fundamental changes may be needed to policy, institutions, and mindsets to fully embed these approaches.