The document discusses potential futures for higher education financing in the United States. It outlines current drivers of inequality like growing wealth concentration at the top and a hollowing out of the middle class. Two potential futures are extrapolated: one where inequality continues to grow and the middle class is priced out of traditional higher education, and another where inequality is mitigated. National actions like increased public funding and campus actions around affordability and adjunct issues are proposed to shape a more equitable future.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• President Halimah’s state visit to Germany in early December at the invitation of German President Steinmeier to reciprocate his state visit to Singapore in November 2017. This visit reaffirmed ties and longstanding friendship between the countries, and also collaboration in education and R&D. Seven MOUs on vocational training and education were signed, and Mdm Halimah was commending how education institutions and firms in Germany tie up to teach students.
• Singapore ranked second in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) benchmarking study. Students in Singapore notably had a greater fear of failure, compared to their peers abroad. The Singapore students from low-income families scored higher than their peers abroad. For the first time, Malay students here surpassed global average.
• Many groups stepped forward to support the needy during the December festive season. These include the Boys’ Brigade, Helping and Empowering Our Neighbours, Food Bank Singapore, Food from the Heart, and a husband-and-wife architect duo.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• President Halimah’s state visit to Germany in early December at the invitation of German President Steinmeier to reciprocate his state visit to Singapore in November 2017. This visit reaffirmed ties and longstanding friendship between the countries, and also collaboration in education and R&D. Seven MOUs on vocational training and education were signed, and Mdm Halimah was commending how education institutions and firms in Germany tie up to teach students.
• Singapore ranked second in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) benchmarking study. Students in Singapore notably had a greater fear of failure, compared to their peers abroad. The Singapore students from low-income families scored higher than their peers abroad. For the first time, Malay students here surpassed global average.
• Many groups stepped forward to support the needy during the December festive season. These include the Boys’ Brigade, Helping and Empowering Our Neighbours, Food Bank Singapore, Food from the Heart, and a husband-and-wife architect duo.
Strategic Finance For A University SystemEllen Chaffee
Understanding strategic finance and strategies for dealing with scarce resources, presentations for an all-day workshop. Audience is executive officers of a university system
Falling Short? College Learning and Career SuccessRobert Kelly
Key findings from survey among 400 employers and 613 college students conducted in November and December 2014 for the Association of American Colleges and Universities by Hart Research Associates.
From November 3 to 11, 2014, Hart Research Associates conducted an online survey on behalf of the Association of American Colleges and Universities among 400 employers whose organizations have at least 25 employees and report that 25% or more of their new hires hold either an associate degree from a two-year college or a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college. Respondents are executives at private sector and nonprofit organizations, including owners, CEOs, presidents, C-suite level executives, and vice presidents. The objective of the survey is to understand which learning outcomes employers believe are most important to acquire to be able to succeed in today’s economy, how prepared they believe recent college graduates are in these areas, and employers’ feelings about the importance of applied and project-based learning in college.
In addition, from November 13 to December 3, 2014, Hart Research conducted an online survey among 613 college students. Respondents included 455 four-year college seniors (304 at public colleges and 151 at private colleges) and 158 community college students who plan to receive their associate degree or transfer to a four-year college within the next 12 months. This survey explored many of the same topics as the survey of employers in order to provide a comparative perspective among college students. This report highlights selected findings from both the research among employers and the survey of current college students.
The majority of employers continue to say that possessing both field-specific knowledge and a broad range of knowledge and skills is important for recent college graduates to achieve long-term career success. Very few indicate that acquiring knowledge and skills mainly for a specific field or position is the best path for long-term success. Notably, college students recognize the importance of having both breadth and depth of skills and knowledge for their workplace success.
Employers say that when hiring, they place the greatest value on demonstrated proficiency in skills and knowledge that cut across all majors. The learning outcomes they rate as most important include written and oral communication skills, teamwork skills, ethical decision-making, critical thinking, and the ability to apply knowledge in real-world settings. Indeed, most employers say that these cross-cutting skills are more important to an individual’s success at their company than his or her undergraduate major.
However, employers feel that today’s college graduates are not particularly well prepared to achieve the learning outcomes that they view as important. This critique applies to all of the 17 learning outcomes tested, including the cross-cutting skills that employers highly value.
Shota Yamanaka and Homei Miyashita. Scale Effects in the Steering Time Difference between Narrowing and Widening Linear Tunnels. In Proceedings of NordiCHI 2016.
Employer Priorities for Most Important College Learning OutcomesRobert Kelly
These data are taken from Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success, a 2015 report on findings from a survey of employers and a survey of college students conducted for AAC&U by Hart Research Associates. For a full report on this survey and earlier reports on employer views, see www.aacu.org/leap.
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Strategic Finance For A University SystemEllen Chaffee
Understanding strategic finance and strategies for dealing with scarce resources, presentations for an all-day workshop. Audience is executive officers of a university system
Falling Short? College Learning and Career SuccessRobert Kelly
Key findings from survey among 400 employers and 613 college students conducted in November and December 2014 for the Association of American Colleges and Universities by Hart Research Associates.
From November 3 to 11, 2014, Hart Research Associates conducted an online survey on behalf of the Association of American Colleges and Universities among 400 employers whose organizations have at least 25 employees and report that 25% or more of their new hires hold either an associate degree from a two-year college or a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college. Respondents are executives at private sector and nonprofit organizations, including owners, CEOs, presidents, C-suite level executives, and vice presidents. The objective of the survey is to understand which learning outcomes employers believe are most important to acquire to be able to succeed in today’s economy, how prepared they believe recent college graduates are in these areas, and employers’ feelings about the importance of applied and project-based learning in college.
In addition, from November 13 to December 3, 2014, Hart Research conducted an online survey among 613 college students. Respondents included 455 four-year college seniors (304 at public colleges and 151 at private colleges) and 158 community college students who plan to receive their associate degree or transfer to a four-year college within the next 12 months. This survey explored many of the same topics as the survey of employers in order to provide a comparative perspective among college students. This report highlights selected findings from both the research among employers and the survey of current college students.
The majority of employers continue to say that possessing both field-specific knowledge and a broad range of knowledge and skills is important for recent college graduates to achieve long-term career success. Very few indicate that acquiring knowledge and skills mainly for a specific field or position is the best path for long-term success. Notably, college students recognize the importance of having both breadth and depth of skills and knowledge for their workplace success.
Employers say that when hiring, they place the greatest value on demonstrated proficiency in skills and knowledge that cut across all majors. The learning outcomes they rate as most important include written and oral communication skills, teamwork skills, ethical decision-making, critical thinking, and the ability to apply knowledge in real-world settings. Indeed, most employers say that these cross-cutting skills are more important to an individual’s success at their company than his or her undergraduate major.
However, employers feel that today’s college graduates are not particularly well prepared to achieve the learning outcomes that they view as important. This critique applies to all of the 17 learning outcomes tested, including the cross-cutting skills that employers highly value.
Shota Yamanaka and Homei Miyashita. Scale Effects in the Steering Time Difference between Narrowing and Widening Linear Tunnels. In Proceedings of NordiCHI 2016.
Employer Priorities for Most Important College Learning OutcomesRobert Kelly
These data are taken from Falling Short? College Learning and Career Success, a 2015 report on findings from a survey of employers and a survey of college students conducted for AAC&U by Hart Research Associates. For a full report on this survey and earlier reports on employer views, see www.aacu.org/leap.
Financing the Education 2030 agenda - Key issues and challenges for national ...IIEP-UNESCO
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Potential for Biodiversity Offsets as a Biodiversity Finance Mechanism in IndiaDivya Narain
Potential for Biodiversity Offsets as a Biodiversity Finance Mechanism in India - a presentation made at the CBD workshop on 'the role of private sector in achieving national biodiversity finance targets' at CII's 10th National Sustainability Summit in New Delhi on Sep. 16th 2015
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After almost ten years as Director, Finn Tarp will step down from his role at the end of 2019. Under his directorship UNU-WIDER has conducted policy relevant-research on a range of issues at the centre of the UN sustainable development agenda, including finance, food and climate change, and transformation, inclusion and sustainability.
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We need to frame the way we gather and use data in the context of the post-2015 agenda on poverty eradication. Tony German and Judith Randel from Development Initiatives examine issues around disaggregating data for better informed choices about development spending.
BWPI Executive Director David Hulme keynote address, 'Can social protection contribute to growth in sub-Saharan Africa?’, to Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the Knowledge Platform (Development Policies) Scoping Conference on Social Inclusion and Sustainable Growth in Africa, The Hague
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Envisioning multiple futures for the world wide web. I begin with a series of trends, from "web 3.0" to accessibility, then discuss some existential threats. Next, I address two big sources of potential impact: AI and climate change. I conclude with several scenarios, then advice to the audience.
At Reclaim Open 2023, https://reclaimopen.com/ .
Outline and prompts for a workshop on higher education in the climate crisis.
We hit five subtopics:
1: The physical campus
2: Research
3: Teaching
4: Campus-community relations
5: Campuses engaging the nonacademic world as a whole.
This was an interactive session, goading participants to share their thoughts through Zoom chat, verbal reactions, and online writing on other sites.
I'm testing out this framework.
Notes for my closing keynote to the June 1, 2017 virtual conference on digital literacy and fake news.
http://www.library20.com/page/library-2-017-digital-literacy-fake-news
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Towards the future of higher education economics
1. Towards the future of higherTowards the future of higher
education financingeducation financing
NERCOMPNERCOMP
--
December 2016December 2016
2. Plan of the sessionPlan of the session
1.1.How we pay for higherHow we pay for higher
educationeducation
2.2.Current driversCurrent drivers
3.3.FuturesFutures
3. Introductory hedgesIntroductory hedges
• My perspective: future of educationMy perspective: future of education
• Caveat1: some of the data isCaveat1: some of the data is
controversial or provisionalcontroversial or provisional
• Caveat2: serious complexityCaveat2: serious complexity
• Caveat3: narrow scope of United StatesCaveat3: narrow scope of United States
4. (Rejected titles for this talk)(Rejected titles for this talk)
"When 'middle class' is as historical a term"When 'middle class' is as historical a term
as ‘the Warsaw Pact’”as ‘the Warsaw Pact’”
"Neofeudalism, and why you are making it"Neofeudalism, and why you are making it
happen”happen”
"Downton Abbey, and you're not the lords,"Downton Abbey, and you're not the lords,
but some of your students are and will be”but some of your students are and will be”
5. 1.1.How we pay forHow we pay for
higher educationhigher education
7. 1.1. How we pay for higher educationHow we pay for higher education
• Public/private/for-profit segmentationPublic/private/for-profit segmentation
(weakening)(weakening)
• State support (budget)State support (budget)
• Federal support (loans)Federal support (loans)
• Other aidOther aid
• Tuition (THE BIGGIE)Tuition (THE BIGGIE)
8. EndowmentsEndowments
““Amherst College endowment,Amherst College endowment,
valued at $2.19 billion as of Junevalued at $2.19 billion as of June
30, 2015”30, 2015”
https://www.amherst.edu/offices/ohttps://www.amherst.edu/offices/o
ffice_of_the_chief_financial_officer/ffice_of_the_chief_financial_officer/
investmentsinvestments
9. EndowmentsEndowments
““The value of the Investment PoolThe value of the Investment Pool
as of June 30, 2016 is $2.3 billion;as of June 30, 2016 is $2.3 billion;
this amounts to over $1 million perthis amounts to over $1 million per
student at the current enrollment.”student at the current enrollment.”
http://investment.williams.edu/fileshttp://investment.williams.edu/files
/2016_Investment_Report.pdf/2016_Investment_Report.pdf
10. Tuition -> financializationTuition -> financialization
““The value of the Investment PoolThe value of the Investment Pool
as of June 30, 2016 is $2.3 billion;as of June 30, 2016 is $2.3 billion;
this amounts to over $1 million perthis amounts to over $1 million per
student at the current enrollment.”student at the current enrollment.”
12. What we pay for in higherWhat we pay for in higher
educationeducation
• Personnel costs leadPersonnel costs lead
• Some research costsSome research costs
• ““Administrative” costsAdministrative” costs
• Increasing student supportIncreasing student support
• Some campus infrastructureSome campus infrastructure
13. Why we pay this wayWhy we pay this way
• Baumol’s disease (productivityBaumol’s disease (productivity
not increasing)not increasing)
• Ethos of careEthos of care
• Amenities arms raceAmenities arms race
25. Can education keep up?Can education keep up?
Goldin and Katz,Goldin and Katz, The Race BetweenThe Race Between
Technology and EducationTechnology and Education (2010):(2010):
““[I]f the supply of skills does not[I]f the supply of skills does not
increase at the same pace as theincrease at the same pace as the
needs of technology, thenneeds of technology, then
groups whose training is notgroups whose training is not
sufficiently advanced will earnsufficiently advanced will earn
less and be relegated toless and be relegated to
devalued lines of work, anddevalued lines of work, and
inequality with respect to laborinequality with respect to labor
will increase.” (305)will increase.” (305)
31. Demographic possibilitiesDemographic possibilities
Increased state and federalIncreased state and federal
funding to Medicaid, Medicare,funding to Medicaid, Medicare,
pensions, etc.pensions, etc.
Smaller labor pool w/wageSmaller labor pool w/wage
stagnation = falling tax revenuestagnation = falling tax revenue
35. Piketty, take 1: get used to itPiketty, take 1: get used to it
Great Compression was an anomalyGreat Compression was an anomaly
““Once constituted, capital reproduces itself fasterOnce constituted, capital reproduces itself faster
than output increases. The past devours thethan output increases. The past devours the
future.” (571)future.” (571)
r>gr>g
36. Extrapolate into medium termExtrapolate into medium term
Faculty 80% adjunctFaculty 80% adjunct
(“neofeudal” campus)(“neofeudal” campus)
Focus on rich studentsFocus on rich students
Student debt > mortgagesStudent debt > mortgages
37. Extrapolate into medium termExtrapolate into medium term
F2F for the 1%F2F for the 1%
Distance learning forDistance learning for
middle classmiddle class
MOOCs for everyone elseMOOCs for everyone else
38. Extrapolate into medium termExtrapolate into medium term
Elite schools offer liberal artsElite schools offer liberal arts
educationeducation
Lack of visible tech = mark ofLack of visible tech = mark of
statusstatus
BA= mark of service qualityBA= mark of service quality
Leading majors: finance, humanLeading majors: finance, human
resources, poli sci, CS, engineresources, poli sci, CS, engine
39. Follow 1% displays closelyFollow 1% displays closely
Contributed to sharingContributed to sharing
economy by age 10economy by age 10
““Middle class” is asMiddle class” is as
historical as the Warsaw Pacthistorical as the Warsaw Pact
40. Extrapolate into medium termExtrapolate into medium term
Some mitigation by publicSome mitigation by public
servicesservices
Potential unrest stirred and/orPotential unrest stirred and/or
sapped by mediasapped by media
Populism and oligarchyPopulism and oligarchy
41. Take 2: PikettyTake 2: Piketty et alet al turn out to beturn out to be
wrongwrong
• Class mobility becomes more dynamicClass mobility becomes more dynamic
• Globalization’s pressure on wages slowsGlobalization’s pressure on wages slows
downdown
• We decide family dynamics are moreWe decide family dynamics are more
importantimportant
• Upper 1% commit to massiveUpper 1% commit to massive
philanthropy increasephilanthropy increase
42. What is to be done?What is to be done?
National actionNational action
• Increased government support forIncreased government support for
public institutionspublic institutions
• “ “ “ “ ““ “ “ “ “ LACs (i.e., COPLAC)LACs (i.e., COPLAC)
• Change K-12 fundingChange K-12 funding
• return to busingreturn to busing
43. What is to be done?What is to be done?
On campusOn campus
• Partner with K-12Partner with K-12
• Increase aid based on economicsIncrease aid based on economics
• Organize on adjunctsOrganize on adjuncts
• Nurture public intellectualsNurture public intellectuals
• Research and teach the problemResearch and teach the problem
45. 3. Peak higher education3. Peak higher education
Brian Mitchell, former president of Bucknell UniversityBrian Mitchell, former president of Bucknell University
and Washington & Jefferson Collegeand Washington & Jefferson College
https://academeblog.org/2016/07/27/higher-education-https://academeblog.org/2016/07/27/higher-education-
must-look-inward-to- improve-financial-viability/must-look-inward-to- improve-financial-viability/
49. How does this impact campuses?How does this impact campuses?
Fewer, less crowded campusesFewer, less crowded campuses
Very international studentVery international student
bodybody
Low-cost programs ($10K BA)Low-cost programs ($10K BA)
50. How does this impact campuses?How does this impact campuses?
Increased remedialIncreased remedial
programsprograms
College generally seen asCollege generally seen as
job trainingjob training
51. A handful of readingsA handful of readings
Archibald and Feldman,Archibald and Feldman, Why Does College Cost So MuchWhy Does College Cost So Much??
(Oxford)(Oxford)
Cappelli,Cappelli, Will College Pay OffWill College Pay Off? (Public Affairs)? (Public Affairs)
Christensen et al,Christensen et al, Disrupting ClassDisrupting Class (McGraw-Hill)(McGraw-Hill)
DeMillo,DeMillo, Abelard To AppleAbelard To Apple (MIT)(MIT)
____,____, Revolution in Higher EducationRevolution in Higher Education (MIT)(MIT)
Massy,Massy, Reengineering the UniversityReengineering the University (Johns Hopkins)(Johns Hopkins)
McGee,McGee, BreakpointBreakpoint (JHUP)(JHUP)
52. A handful of readingsA handful of readings
NACUBO.NACUBO.
Newfield,Newfield, Unmaking the Public UniversityUnmaking the Public University (JHUP)(JHUP)
____,____, The Great MistakeThe Great Mistake (JHUP)(JHUP)
Piketty,Piketty, Capital in the 21st CenturyCapital in the 21st Century (Harvard)(Harvard)
Stevens and Kirst, eds.,Stevens and Kirst, eds., Remaking College: The ChangingRemaking College: The Changing
Ecology of Higher EducationEcology of Higher Education (Stanford)(Stanford)
Wildawsky et al, eds.,Wildawsky et al, eds., Reinventing Higher EducationReinventing Higher Education (Harvard(Harvard
Education)Education)