The document provides information on planning crop rotations for Parson Produce farm. It discusses the benefits of crop rotations such as reducing pest pressure, weeds, and disease. Cover crops are described as crops grown to support other crops and not for harvest. Examples of cover crops and how to plant and incorporate them are outlined. The document also includes a sample field rotation plan mapping out crops and cover crops over multiple seasons for 10 fields.
Southern SAWG-Planning the Planting of Cover Crops and Cash Cropsparsonproduce
The document provides information on planning cover crops and cash crops for Parson Produce farm. It discusses the benefits of crop rotations including reducing pest pressure, weeds, and disease while improving soil fertility. Cover crops are described as crops grown to support other crops, not for harvest. Warm and cool season legume, grass, and broadleaf cover crop options are listed, along with how to plant, incorporate, and design crop rotations. The second half provides an example field layout and planting schedule for Field 1 with vegetables.
Cover crops are the cornerstone of any organic vegetable production system. Learn how they are used on an organic farm by and experienced grower, Daniel Parson, and the science behind why they work from a soil science expert, Julia Gaskin.
Plan for continuous supplies of popular summer vegetable crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year-round lettuce. Avoid vegetable gluts and shortages.
Planning for sustainable farming by feeding the soil. Growing and maintaining healthy soils. Using crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic mulches. A step-by-step guide to crop rotation. Example of a ten part rotation of vegetables and cover crops. Benefits of crop rotations, cover crops and compost. Opportunities to grow cover crops. Fitting the cover crop with the goal; smothering weeds, fixing nitrogen, scavenging leftover nutrients, improving soil drainage, grazing for small animals, bio-fumigation, killing nematodes. How to make aerobic (hot) compost. Resource list included.
How to grow garlic, control weeds, pests and diseases, know when to harvest and how to cure and store. How to produce garlic scallions, garlic scapes and green garlic. How to choose between varieties.
Providing vegetables for the full eating season 2013 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Growing vegetables throughout the season - succession planting for continuous harvests of summer vegetables such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; also
year-round lettuce, growing and storing cold-hardy winter vegetables
Crop rotations for vegetables and cover crops 2014, Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Ideas to help you design a sequence of vegetable crops which maximizes the chance to grow good cover crops as well as reduce pest and disease likelihood. Discusses formal rotations as well as ad hoc systems for shoehorning minor crops into available spaces. The workshop discusses cover crops suitable at various times of year, particularly winter cover crops between vegetable crops in successive years. Includes examples of undersowing of cover crops in vegetable crops and of no-till options.
• Rotation planning for permanent raised beds
• 7 step rotation planning for row crops, steps 1-4
• A useful format for rotation plans
• A walk around our crop rotation
• Steps 5-7 of rotation planning
• Pros and cons of tight rotation planning
• Resources and contact info
Cover crops for vegetable growers Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Using cover crops to feed and improve the soil, smother weeds, and prevent soil erosion. Selecting cover crops to make use of opportunities year round: early spring, summer, fall and going into winter. Fitting cover crops into the schedule of vegetable production while maintaining a healthy crop rotation
Southern SAWG-Planning the Planting of Cover Crops and Cash Cropsparsonproduce
The document provides information on planning cover crops and cash crops for Parson Produce farm. It discusses the benefits of crop rotations including reducing pest pressure, weeds, and disease while improving soil fertility. Cover crops are described as crops grown to support other crops, not for harvest. Warm and cool season legume, grass, and broadleaf cover crop options are listed, along with how to plant, incorporate, and design crop rotations. The second half provides an example field layout and planting schedule for Field 1 with vegetables.
Cover crops are the cornerstone of any organic vegetable production system. Learn how they are used on an organic farm by and experienced grower, Daniel Parson, and the science behind why they work from a soil science expert, Julia Gaskin.
Plan for continuous supplies of popular summer vegetable crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year-round lettuce. Avoid vegetable gluts and shortages.
Planning for sustainable farming by feeding the soil. Growing and maintaining healthy soils. Using crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic mulches. A step-by-step guide to crop rotation. Example of a ten part rotation of vegetables and cover crops. Benefits of crop rotations, cover crops and compost. Opportunities to grow cover crops. Fitting the cover crop with the goal; smothering weeds, fixing nitrogen, scavenging leftover nutrients, improving soil drainage, grazing for small animals, bio-fumigation, killing nematodes. How to make aerobic (hot) compost. Resource list included.
How to grow garlic, control weeds, pests and diseases, know when to harvest and how to cure and store. How to produce garlic scallions, garlic scapes and green garlic. How to choose between varieties.
Providing vegetables for the full eating season 2013 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Growing vegetables throughout the season - succession planting for continuous harvests of summer vegetables such as beans, squash, cucumbers and sweet corn; also
year-round lettuce, growing and storing cold-hardy winter vegetables
Crop rotations for vegetables and cover crops 2014, Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Ideas to help you design a sequence of vegetable crops which maximizes the chance to grow good cover crops as well as reduce pest and disease likelihood. Discusses formal rotations as well as ad hoc systems for shoehorning minor crops into available spaces. The workshop discusses cover crops suitable at various times of year, particularly winter cover crops between vegetable crops in successive years. Includes examples of undersowing of cover crops in vegetable crops and of no-till options.
• Rotation planning for permanent raised beds
• 7 step rotation planning for row crops, steps 1-4
• A useful format for rotation plans
• A walk around our crop rotation
• Steps 5-7 of rotation planning
• Pros and cons of tight rotation planning
• Resources and contact info
Cover crops for vegetable growers Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Using cover crops to feed and improve the soil, smother weeds, and prevent soil erosion. Selecting cover crops to make use of opportunities year round: early spring, summer, fall and going into winter. Fitting cover crops into the schedule of vegetable production while maintaining a healthy crop rotation
Crop planning for sustainable vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
A step-by-step approach to closing the planning circle, so that you can produce crops when you want them and in the right quantities, so you can sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil. Never repeat the same mistake two years running!
Fall vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
This document provides information on suitable crops for fall vegetable production, including warm weather crops that can be harvested in fall, cool weather crops that can be planted and harvested in fall and winter, and overwinter crops for early spring harvest. It discusses scheduling planting times for various crops to extend the harvest season, considering factors like temperature requirements, days to maturity, and frost dates. Cool weather crops recommended for fall include beets, carrots, greens, and root vegetables.
Year round vegetable production dawling 2017 90 minsPam Dawling
This document discusses year-round vegetable production at Twin Oaks Community in Virginia. The community aims to feed 100 people with organic produce year-round using various season extension and efficient production strategies. These include direct sowing and transplanting crops, succession planting, interplanting, and protecting crops from hot and cold weather. The document emphasizes the importance of healthy soil achieved through crop rotations, cover cropping, composting, and building soil organic matter.
Storage vegetables for off season sales 2017 90min Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to succeed with growing storage vegetables for sale in the off-season. Learn the cold-hardiness of various vegetable crops, how to predict the weather, methods to protect your crops from cold temperatures, various storage methods, and an introduction to hoophouse growing in winter.
Production of late fall, winter and early spring vegetable crops Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to grow vegetables for harvest in late fall, though the winter and in early spring, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region, zones 6-7. Includes a list of suitable crops; details about growing them; how to schedule sowings to meet desired harvest dates; extending the season with row cover, low tunnels and high tunnels (hoophouses); mitigating the challenges of hot and cold weather, and protecting crops from insects. Hoophouse information includes minimizing nitrate accumulation in leafy greens, and planning for the Persephone days when the daylight length is shorter than 10 hours. Crops include lettuce, spinach, cooking greens, Asian greens, and roots. Includes information on winter hardiness, crop spacing, yields, and successful efficient planting techniques. Names some favorite varieties. The goals are to help growers farm the back end of the year, and increase earnings and the local food supply, while reducing the likelihood of beginner errors.
Deciding which vegetable crops to grow, pam dawlingPam Dawling
Grow vegetable crops that fit your goals, whether for sale or for your household. Consider which crops are easy to grow, most profitable for the space or time, most suited to your conditions, high yielding, and undemanding. Use a DIY Crop Value Rating system to choose between options.
Succession Planting for Continuous Vegetable Harvests
How to plan sowing dates for continuous supplies of popular summer crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers, edamame and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year round lettuce. Using these planning strategies can help avoid gluts and shortages.
Sustainable farming practices Pam Dawling 90 mins 2019Pam Dawling
An introduction to year round vegetable production; crop planning and record-keeping; feeding the soil using crop rotations, cover crops, compost making and organic mulches; production tips on direct sowing and transplanting, crop spacing, succession crop scheduling to ensure continuous harvests, efficient production strategies, season extension, dealing with pests, diseases and weeds; determining crop maturity and harvest methods.
The Courtship of Honeybees and Buckwheat Blossoms: Increasing Pollinator Acti...Seeds
This document discusses a study on the relationship between honeybees and buckwheat blossoms. The study monitored honeybee populations visiting buckwheat plots over the summer and winter to determine the peak times and numbers of bees. Key findings include that buckwheat can attract over 64,000 honeybees per acre in the summer and 29,000 in the winter, and that bees peak earlier in the day in winter compared to summer. The document provides recommendations for timing buckwheat planting and field activities to maximize honeybee pollination of crops.
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing a vegetable garden. It discusses the advantages of gardening and important considerations for location, soil type, crop selection, and garden layout. Specific tips are provided for soil management based on soil type, fertilizing, planting methods, weed and pest control, and crop rotation. The document concludes with an assignment to design a four-year garden plan demonstrating crop rotation.
The document discusses healthy soil and cover crops. It recommends getting a soil test from your local Extension Office or Midwestern Bio-Ag for a complete analysis. Cover crops add biomass and improve soil in various ways depending on the crop, such as suppressing weeds, fixing nitrogen, or breaking up clay. Buckwheat can be tilled in after blossoming to add biomass. A winter mix of rye, hairy vetch and crimson clover provides soil cover and nutrients into spring.
This document discusses the needs, yields, habitats, and behaviors of ducks and bees for a homestead. It provides details on the housing, space, diet, and care requirements for ducks, which would provide eggs and fertilizer but may be difficult to collect eggs from. Bees require a hive facing southeast, early spring flowers and various flowers throughout the season, and sugar water in the fall to survive winter. They provide pollination within 1-2 miles and honey. The document concludes that bees are currently a better fit than ducks for the homestead described, as they do not need to be moved as often and can help increase yields through cross-pollination of existing clover, vegetables, fruit trees
Year round hoophouse vegetables. Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops all year? We consider suitable crops for various times of year: cold-hardy winter greens for cooking and salads; turnips, radishes and scallions; early warm weather crops such as tomatoes, peppers, squash, cucumbers; high summer crops such as edamame, cowpeas, melons, sweet potatoes. We also look at less common ideas: bare-root transplants for planting outdoors in spring, seeds, flowers, and cover crops for soil improvement.
The workshop includes ideas on how to maximize use of the space, including transplanting indoors from outdoors in the fall, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping. Planning is an important part of success: deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling. We also look at the challenges of low temperatures, nitrate accumulation, snow, soil-borne diseases, and the challenges of summer: high temperatures, bugs, salt build-up. Year-round use includes attention to caring for the soil: maintaining organic matter, and pest management including solarization.
Tamarack Garlic Farm grows and sells gourmet garlic seed and eating garlic. Buy Garlic on our site and have it shipped to you. Tamarack Garlic Farm is a great place to purchase garlic seed stock and garlic for eating. Our garlic is grown in the USA.
The document outlines tasks for the first year of an allotment plot, including strimming long grass, adding a plough to a tractor, dividing the plot into five sections for crop rotation, adding manure, planting some seeds in pots and outside, and planting various crops like onions, garlic, potatoes, peas, beans, and sweetcorn. It also mentions having a barbeque and watching wildlife on the plot.
Growing sweet potatoes from start to finish 2020 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Everything you need to know to be self-reliant in sweet potatoes or to grow them for sale. Includes starting your own slips, planting them, caring for the plants, harvest, saving seed stock for replanting next year, and curing and storing the sweet potatoes.
The document discusses the plans of a family to become self-sufficient in food production on their 2.5-8 acre homestead called "ol' dirty farm". Through reading books on permaculture and assessing their food needs, the author learned they will need to harvest some crops twice per year to produce enough food for their family. They also plan to improve soil quality by adding organic matter as mulch. Tables are included that list various crops, the estimated servings and pounds produced per year from 100 square foot beds, and the number of beds required to meet the family's needs. Microclimates on the property are identified for different crop types based on shade levels.
The document provides guidance on planning succession plantings to ensure continuous harvests of vegetables throughout the growing season. It recommends planting crops like beans, squash and cucumbers in succession every 2-3 weeks to avoid gluts and gaps. Specific techniques include fitting succession crops into spare spaces in main crop plots, sowing different varieties of the same crop at the same time to extend the harvest, and using graphs to plan a sequence of sowings that provide an even supply. The overall goal is to plan successive plantings so that a new harvest is ready every 1-2 weeks throughout the summer and early fall.
The target audience for the media product is males aged 17 to 25 who are interested in hip hop and alternative rap music. This age group listens to artists like The Black Eyed Peas and Eminem. While the magazine uses some masculine colors and images of males, the language is neutral and aims to appeal to both genders. The typical reader is a 17-20 year old male who enjoys hip hop music, technology like speakers and headphones, gaming, and films. He sees music as a big part of life that helps deal with problems. In his free time, he works part-time in tech support and relaxes by making music on his DJ mixer. He prefers online shopping, finding it more convenient than stores
This document discusses issues related to the war on drugs. It notes that drug dealers do not check the ages of who they sell to and that violence is a major issue with gangs controlling the drug trade. Additionally, it states that over 30 million people have been arrested for non-violent drug crimes since 1982. The document argues that taking control of drugs away from gangs and cartels could help diminish their power and income. It cites sources that discuss how the Mexican drug cartels have taken over 230 US cities and how the war on drugs is an insane policy.
Crop planning for sustainable vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
A step-by-step approach to closing the planning circle, so that you can produce crops when you want them and in the right quantities, so you can sell them where and when you need to and support yourself with a rewarding livelihood while replenishing the soil. Never repeat the same mistake two years running!
Fall vegetable production 2016 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
This document provides information on suitable crops for fall vegetable production, including warm weather crops that can be harvested in fall, cool weather crops that can be planted and harvested in fall and winter, and overwinter crops for early spring harvest. It discusses scheduling planting times for various crops to extend the harvest season, considering factors like temperature requirements, days to maturity, and frost dates. Cool weather crops recommended for fall include beets, carrots, greens, and root vegetables.
Year round vegetable production dawling 2017 90 minsPam Dawling
This document discusses year-round vegetable production at Twin Oaks Community in Virginia. The community aims to feed 100 people with organic produce year-round using various season extension and efficient production strategies. These include direct sowing and transplanting crops, succession planting, interplanting, and protecting crops from hot and cold weather. The document emphasizes the importance of healthy soil achieved through crop rotations, cover cropping, composting, and building soil organic matter.
Storage vegetables for off season sales 2017 90min Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to succeed with growing storage vegetables for sale in the off-season. Learn the cold-hardiness of various vegetable crops, how to predict the weather, methods to protect your crops from cold temperatures, various storage methods, and an introduction to hoophouse growing in winter.
Production of late fall, winter and early spring vegetable crops Pam DawlingPam Dawling
How to grow vegetables for harvest in late fall, though the winter and in early spring, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region, zones 6-7. Includes a list of suitable crops; details about growing them; how to schedule sowings to meet desired harvest dates; extending the season with row cover, low tunnels and high tunnels (hoophouses); mitigating the challenges of hot and cold weather, and protecting crops from insects. Hoophouse information includes minimizing nitrate accumulation in leafy greens, and planning for the Persephone days when the daylight length is shorter than 10 hours. Crops include lettuce, spinach, cooking greens, Asian greens, and roots. Includes information on winter hardiness, crop spacing, yields, and successful efficient planting techniques. Names some favorite varieties. The goals are to help growers farm the back end of the year, and increase earnings and the local food supply, while reducing the likelihood of beginner errors.
Deciding which vegetable crops to grow, pam dawlingPam Dawling
Grow vegetable crops that fit your goals, whether for sale or for your household. Consider which crops are easy to grow, most profitable for the space or time, most suited to your conditions, high yielding, and undemanding. Use a DIY Crop Value Rating system to choose between options.
Succession Planting for Continuous Vegetable Harvests
How to plan sowing dates for continuous supplies of popular summer crops, such as beans, squash, cucumbers, edamame and sweet corn; cold-weather hoophouse greens and year round lettuce. Using these planning strategies can help avoid gluts and shortages.
Sustainable farming practices Pam Dawling 90 mins 2019Pam Dawling
An introduction to year round vegetable production; crop planning and record-keeping; feeding the soil using crop rotations, cover crops, compost making and organic mulches; production tips on direct sowing and transplanting, crop spacing, succession crop scheduling to ensure continuous harvests, efficient production strategies, season extension, dealing with pests, diseases and weeds; determining crop maturity and harvest methods.
The Courtship of Honeybees and Buckwheat Blossoms: Increasing Pollinator Acti...Seeds
This document discusses a study on the relationship between honeybees and buckwheat blossoms. The study monitored honeybee populations visiting buckwheat plots over the summer and winter to determine the peak times and numbers of bees. Key findings include that buckwheat can attract over 64,000 honeybees per acre in the summer and 29,000 in the winter, and that bees peak earlier in the day in winter compared to summer. The document provides recommendations for timing buckwheat planting and field activities to maximize honeybee pollination of crops.
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing a vegetable garden. It discusses the advantages of gardening and important considerations for location, soil type, crop selection, and garden layout. Specific tips are provided for soil management based on soil type, fertilizing, planting methods, weed and pest control, and crop rotation. The document concludes with an assignment to design a four-year garden plan demonstrating crop rotation.
The document discusses healthy soil and cover crops. It recommends getting a soil test from your local Extension Office or Midwestern Bio-Ag for a complete analysis. Cover crops add biomass and improve soil in various ways depending on the crop, such as suppressing weeds, fixing nitrogen, or breaking up clay. Buckwheat can be tilled in after blossoming to add biomass. A winter mix of rye, hairy vetch and crimson clover provides soil cover and nutrients into spring.
This document discusses the needs, yields, habitats, and behaviors of ducks and bees for a homestead. It provides details on the housing, space, diet, and care requirements for ducks, which would provide eggs and fertilizer but may be difficult to collect eggs from. Bees require a hive facing southeast, early spring flowers and various flowers throughout the season, and sugar water in the fall to survive winter. They provide pollination within 1-2 miles and honey. The document concludes that bees are currently a better fit than ducks for the homestead described, as they do not need to be moved as often and can help increase yields through cross-pollination of existing clover, vegetables, fruit trees
Year round hoophouse vegetables. Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Which factors should you consider when planning how to keep your hoophouse filled with productive food crops all year? We consider suitable crops for various times of year: cold-hardy winter greens for cooking and salads; turnips, radishes and scallions; early warm weather crops such as tomatoes, peppers, squash, cucumbers; high summer crops such as edamame, cowpeas, melons, sweet potatoes. We also look at less common ideas: bare-root transplants for planting outdoors in spring, seeds, flowers, and cover crops for soil improvement.
The workshop includes ideas on how to maximize use of the space, including transplanting indoors from outdoors in the fall, seasonal transitions, packing more in with succession planting, interplanting and follow-on cropping. Planning is an important part of success: deciding which crops to grow, deciding how much to harvest and how much to plant, crop rotation, mapping and scheduling. We also look at the challenges of low temperatures, nitrate accumulation, snow, soil-borne diseases, and the challenges of summer: high temperatures, bugs, salt build-up. Year-round use includes attention to caring for the soil: maintaining organic matter, and pest management including solarization.
Tamarack Garlic Farm grows and sells gourmet garlic seed and eating garlic. Buy Garlic on our site and have it shipped to you. Tamarack Garlic Farm is a great place to purchase garlic seed stock and garlic for eating. Our garlic is grown in the USA.
The document outlines tasks for the first year of an allotment plot, including strimming long grass, adding a plough to a tractor, dividing the plot into five sections for crop rotation, adding manure, planting some seeds in pots and outside, and planting various crops like onions, garlic, potatoes, peas, beans, and sweetcorn. It also mentions having a barbeque and watching wildlife on the plot.
Growing sweet potatoes from start to finish 2020 Pam DawlingPam Dawling
Everything you need to know to be self-reliant in sweet potatoes or to grow them for sale. Includes starting your own slips, planting them, caring for the plants, harvest, saving seed stock for replanting next year, and curing and storing the sweet potatoes.
The document discusses the plans of a family to become self-sufficient in food production on their 2.5-8 acre homestead called "ol' dirty farm". Through reading books on permaculture and assessing their food needs, the author learned they will need to harvest some crops twice per year to produce enough food for their family. They also plan to improve soil quality by adding organic matter as mulch. Tables are included that list various crops, the estimated servings and pounds produced per year from 100 square foot beds, and the number of beds required to meet the family's needs. Microclimates on the property are identified for different crop types based on shade levels.
The document provides guidance on planning succession plantings to ensure continuous harvests of vegetables throughout the growing season. It recommends planting crops like beans, squash and cucumbers in succession every 2-3 weeks to avoid gluts and gaps. Specific techniques include fitting succession crops into spare spaces in main crop plots, sowing different varieties of the same crop at the same time to extend the harvest, and using graphs to plan a sequence of sowings that provide an even supply. The overall goal is to plan successive plantings so that a new harvest is ready every 1-2 weeks throughout the summer and early fall.
The target audience for the media product is males aged 17 to 25 who are interested in hip hop and alternative rap music. This age group listens to artists like The Black Eyed Peas and Eminem. While the magazine uses some masculine colors and images of males, the language is neutral and aims to appeal to both genders. The typical reader is a 17-20 year old male who enjoys hip hop music, technology like speakers and headphones, gaming, and films. He sees music as a big part of life that helps deal with problems. In his free time, he works part-time in tech support and relaxes by making music on his DJ mixer. He prefers online shopping, finding it more convenient than stores
This document discusses issues related to the war on drugs. It notes that drug dealers do not check the ages of who they sell to and that violence is a major issue with gangs controlling the drug trade. Additionally, it states that over 30 million people have been arrested for non-violent drug crimes since 1982. The document argues that taking control of drugs away from gangs and cartels could help diminish their power and income. It cites sources that discuss how the Mexican drug cartels have taken over 230 US cities and how the war on drugs is an insane policy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
This document provides a recipe for homemade pizza, including instructions to make the dough from flour, water, olive oil, yeast and salt. The dough is allowed to rise before being rolled out and topped with favorite sauces and toppings. Several topping ideas are suggested, such as smiling pizza with mozzarella cheese, tomato sauce, peppers and olives; clown pizza with mozzarella and cheddar cheese, tomato sauce and pepperoni; ant pizza with mozzarella cheese, tomato sauce, peppers, olives and pepperoni; and smiling broccoli pizza with mozzarella cheese, tomato sauce, peppers, tomato and broccoli. The topped pizzas are then baked at 180 degrees Celsius for
The document summarizes a Magento meet-up event that discussed various topics related to using the Magento platform. It provides information about the hosting company Pod1 Group, and lists topics discussed including Magento and PCI compliance, performance tuning, localization, and themes. For PCI compliance, it describes what PCI is, Varien's position, and options for solution providers to ensure compliance.
This document provides tips and guidelines for visual advertising design and photography. It discusses principles of visual advertising like using bold colors, clear foreground/background relationships and simple typography. It also covers environmental design, Andy Warhol's contributions, color management, and composition tips like making illustrations eye-catching. Photography best practices like lighting, angles, backgrounds and post-production techniques are explained. Motion in advertising and roles of production crew members are briefly covered. Stop motion and 3D filming techniques for video are also mentioned.
ZEBRA is an IBC bifacial solar cell technology developed by ISC Konstanz. Indoor measurements show the ZEBRA cell achieves a higher efficiency of 21.0% compared to 20.3% for the BiSoN n-PERT cell under front illumination. However, the BiSoN cell has a higher bifaciality ratio of 87.5% versus 75.0% for the ZEBRA cell. Outdoor module testing found the BiSoN module provided a 19.8% yield gain compared to 15.1% for the ZEBRA module, demonstrating the ZEBRA technology can enable bifacial performance despite having a lower bifaciality ratio.
Internet of Things (IoT) and in particular Proximity Marketing and Real Time Location Services (RTLS) technologies, are shaping the way consumers shop and navigate in the physical world. Using Proximity Beacons to deliver notifications to mobile devices based on their location in supermarkets and shopping malls, operators can now establish new ROI and cross-selling channels.
The document discusses summarizing text by reducing information to the essential ideas and main points. It explains that the main idea is the most important concept, and that summarizing involves identifying the topic sentence and supporting details while disregarding unimportant information. The process of summarizing is then simplified by focusing on the key ideas and condensing them into shorter statements. Examples of summarizing a paragraph are also provided.
Genex Logistics provides end-to-end supply chain and logistics services including contract logistics, bonded and FTWZ warehousing, freight management, project logistics, agri logistics and cold chain solutions. It has a network of over 50 offices across India and international partners covering major global trade lanes. The company aims to create value for customers through process innovations and quality services while adhering to integrity and diversity.
Casos de violacion de derechos humanos en ecuadorhalokevin001
El documento describe brevemente dos casos de violaciones a los derechos humanos en Ecuador: el Caso Fybeca de 2003, que involucró la muerte de 8 delincuentes durante un asalto a una farmacia y su posterior denuncia ante la CIDH, y el Caso Restrepo de 1988 que involucró la desaparición de dos hermanos adolescentes.
With Increased Government investment and focus on infrastructure and smart systems, rise of India as a manufacturing economy, introduction of GST, rise of e-commerce and increasing levels of digitization and technology adoption by traditional players the logistics sector is undergoing a massive change. Technologies like IoT and Big Data will play a key role in addressing the challenges of logistics industry in India.
Our platform is generic and agile enough to sit on top of any company’s database collection, and using machine intelligence, explores all of a company’s databases. Shipsy addresses problems related to area serviceability, real-time visibility, location intelligence, last mile delivery optimization and supply chain planning. Our clients have seen tremendous results in their operational efficiency and have been able to deliver a better experience to their customers.
Marketing in a Post-Platform World - Michael ChadwickMichael Chadwick
Presentation given at Airline Conference in Singapore, January 2012 at Marina Bay Sands.
Mainly I was talking about the 'post-platform world'. What's that you ask? Well read the deck and all will become clear. I hope...
It’s time to start developing a robust e-commerce marketing strategy to sustain in this rapidly growing e-commerce landscape. As a matter of fact, this huge market attracts different kind of brands which will make the competition tougher.
Este documento presenta cuatro casos de violación a los derechos humanos de primera generación (derechos civiles y políticos). El primer caso describe una agresión a periodistas por parte de trabajadoras de la empresa Casa Grande. El segundo caso habla sobre el trabajo infantil en minas de cobalto en el Congo para la producción de baterías de teléfonos. El tercer caso describe esterilizaciones forzadas a mujeres en Perú en los años 90. Y el cuarto caso presenta a un trabajador que salió protestando de un campo por insultos racistas
The document does not contain any substantive information to summarize. It consists of blank lines and random characters that do not form words or sentences. A meaningful summary cannot be generated from this input.
Cover crops can provide multiple benefits for vegetable cropping systems, but require careful management. It is important to select cover crop species that match your objectives, such as grazing, nutrient scavenging, weed suppression, or nitrogen fixation. Proper planning is also key, considering the best times for planting and termination. While cover crops may not solve all problems in a crop rotation, they can be a useful tool when integrated into an overall soil health plan.
Capturing the full potential of cover cropsjbgruver
Cover crops require careful planning and management to achieve objectives. On-farm research can help optimize cover crop species selection and planting methods. Records of cover crop planting dates, termination methods, and subsequent crop yields are important to evaluate effectiveness over time. Cover crops are not a silver bullet and require more management than other soil amendments.
The document provides guidance on planning an ideal garden by first identifying limiting factors like space, budget, and time, then discussing methods to maximize harvest from a small space through biointensive planting, succession planting, and intercropping. It also includes templates for mapping garden beds and developing a planting plan that stays within budget while addressing soil, watering, and structure needs.
This document provides information on using cover crops in organic farming systems in Minnesota. It discusses that there are very few opportunities for cover crops between corn and soybeans but more opportunities after small grains like wheat, barley, oats and rye. It describes different cover crop species and mixtures that can be used, including brassicas, clovers, annual ryegrass, and buckwheat. The document provides details on planting and terminating cover crops and matching cover crop objectives with different species. It also provides links to additional resources on cover cropping.
Vegetable Garden Planting Guide for San Diego County - University of Californiasodj49v
This document provides a vegetable planting guide for San Diego County, California. It includes recommended planting dates for cool and warm season vegetables in the coastal and inland regions. Cool season vegetables like carrots, broccoli and lettuce are planted in fall and winter, while warm season crops like tomatoes, beans and squash are planted in spring and summer. The guide also classifies vegetables based on cold tolerance and divides San Diego County into coastal and inland bioclimate regions to help gardeners determine ideal planting times based on location.
This document provides tips for vegetable gardening on a budget. It discusses how growing your own vegetables allows you to control what your family eats and save money. Both in-ground and container gardening are options. Planning is key - consider what vegetables you like to eat and have space for. Cool-season crops like lettuce, carrots and peas can be planted early and late. Warm-season crops like tomatoes, peppers and beans are planted after the last frost. With a small space, options like square foot gardening, raised beds, and edible landscaping can maximize production. Proper soil, watering, and mulching are also discussed.
This document discusses cover crops for additional forage in livestock and dairy operations. It covers establishment issues, animal performance considerations, variety selection factors, yield variability, and costs associated with cover crops. Establishment depends on planting timing and method. Variety selection is based on objectives, timing and resources. Yield depends on weather and can vary widely. Costs range widely from $9-90 per acre depending on seeding and harvest methods. Cover crops may suppress following crop yields depending on termination timing and biomass. Resources for more information are provided.
This document provides information about Country Gardens Farm and their farm stand, teaching garden, and organic gardening methods. It discusses the products available at the farm stand such as raw milk, eggs, grass-fed beef, and vegetables. It then outlines the seven steps to creating an organic garden, including soil preparation, planting schedules, pest and disease control, and harvest. Specific planting times and techniques are provided for cool and warm season vegetables. The document emphasizes using organic practices to attract beneficial insects for pest control and selecting plants that are healthy and well-suited to the growing conditions.
Ellen Polishuk presented on the 5 rules for maintaining soil health: 1) continually add organic matter through cover crops and compost, 2) keep the soil covered as much as possible, 3) test soils and apply any missing nutrients, 4) rotate crops to prevent disease and diversify microbes, and 5) till thoughtfully and gently to avoid harming soil structure and organic matter. She discussed the importance of each rule in building soil organic matter and a healthy soil ecosystem to sustain plants, animals, and humans. Crop rotation guidelines aim to alternate plant families and growth habits to break pest cycles and feed various microbes. The presentation emphasized building soil carbon through diverse green manures, cover crops, and compost application.
Organic Strawberries with Paul & Sandy Arnoldacornorganic
This document provides details about the organic strawberry production system used by Paul and Sandy Arnold on their farm in Argyle, New York. It summarizes their transition to an annual bed system for strawberries, which involves planting plugs in raised beds covered with biodegradable paper mulch. The system provides weed-free berries and allows for a crop rotation. Details are provided on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, season extension techniques, and record keeping processes used to evaluate labor efficiency and profitability.
Mixed vegetable gardening involves growing many different types of vegetables together in the same space. This differs from conventional vegetable gardens where each type is planted separately in rows or patches. A mixed vegetable garden provides benefits like better use of space, fewer pests and diseases, and less need for watering or weeding. Plants are chosen and arranged in different layers, from canopy plants above to ground cover plants below. With careful plant selection and maintenance of soil coverage, a mixed vegetable garden can produce food over a long season with minimal effort. Experienced gardeners report high yields, fewer pests, and unexpected successes from their mixed vegetable patches.
This document provides guidance on growing vegetables from seed. It discusses selecting varieties, starting seeds indoors, hardening off seedlings, and transplanting outdoors. The document includes a seed spacing chart and ideal temperature ranges for common vegetables. It emphasizes choosing varieties suited to the local climate, starting seeds at the right time, and gradually acclimating seedlings to outdoor conditions to reduce transplant shock.
This lecture discusses legumes, including their importance as a source of protein and nitrogen fixation. Key points covered include:
- Legumes are an important family of plants that includes beans, peas, lentils and soybeans. They are significant as they fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules containing bacteria.
- Legumes enrich soil fertility as they do not require nitrogen fertilizer. They are rotated with other crops or used as green manure.
- Specific legumes discussed that are important in Egypt include broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, and lupines. Several varieties for each crop developed by the Agricultural Research Center in Egypt are also outlined.
- Cultural practices for growing legumes
This document discusses using cover crops in organic farming. It notes that crop rotations historically revolved around legumes to fix nitrogen. It then provides information on typical nitrogen fixed by various legume cover crops. The document discusses finding the best cover crop fits within a crop rotation by considering goals like conservation, augmentation, and activation. It provides an overview of characteristics to consider when choosing a cover crop, and suggests matching specific cover crop objectives with suitable species. The document emphasizes the importance of planning cover crops and shares examples of farmer experiences using different cover crops.
This document discusses the benefits of various cover crops for agriculture production. It summarizes research showing that cereal rye and rapeseed provided increased protection for soybeans against soybean cyst nematodes, Rhizoctonia, brown stem rot, and foliar diseases like Septoria brown spot. Cereal rye and annual ryegrass were shown to significantly reduce soybean cyst nematode egg counts. Cover crops like cereal rye, rapeseed, and annual ryegrass also provided effective weed control through mulching and allelopathy. The document provides tips for establishing cover crops and using them in no-till systems for weed control and other benefits.
This document summarizes strategies for extending the growing season for a small family farm through fall, winter, and spring production. Some key points include:
1. Season extension goals include avoiding production lulls and extending the range of harvest dates for crops.
2. Considerations for season extension include how much you are willing to invest and that you can only do so much to mitigate weather.
3. Fall/winter crops include root crops, greens, brassicas, and storage crops. Variety selection is important, and lettuce varieties suited for different temperatures are discussed.
4. Row covers, cold frames, and mulching can help protect crops from frost in fall, winter, and spring and
Production technology of french bean pest and disease... varieties jagathesan krishnasamy
This document summarizes production information for French bean. It describes the botanical details of French bean including its origin in Central and South America. It provides information on climate requirements and soil types suitable for French bean cultivation. The document also outlines varieties grown in different countries and states, cultural practices including sowing, irrigation, nutrition, and pest and disease management for French bean production.
Organic Crop Production - University of TennesseeFaiga64c
Crop rotation is an important practice in organic farming that maintains soil health, controls pests and weeds, and improves crop yields. The document provides details on why crop rotation is beneficial, examples of crop rotation sequences, considerations for the length of rotations and number of crops included, and how different crop families interact with one another in a rotation. It also announces an upcoming organic crops field tour to learn more about organic production practices like crop rotation.
This document provides information on selecting and managing cover crops. It discusses the benefits of cover crops including fertility from nitrogen-fixing legumes, weed suppression, and soil improvement. Several winter and summer annual cover crop options are described, including specifics on seeding rates, planting times, and killing methods. Legume cover crops can fix substantial amounts of nitrogen, and methods are presented for estimating nitrogen contributions. Resources for cover crop seed and inoculants are also listed.
Similar to SCOOL -- Rotations and Cover Crops (20)
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1. Planning the Planting of
Cover Crops and Cash
Crops
Daniel Parson
Parson Produce
404.452.4321
www.parsonproduce.com
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Parson Produce
• The Farmhouse B & B is 40 acres
• 3.25 acres vegetable and cut flower
• Small Apiary
• 300 shiitake logs
• Applying for organic certification
7. Parson Produce Marketing
• 75 member Community Supported
Agriculture (CSA)
• Restaurants:
– Stella‟s Southern Bistro
– High Cotton Greenville
– American Grocery
• Live Oak Farm Store and Swamp
Rabbit Café and Grocery
• TD Saturday Market, Greenville
8. Why Rotations?
• Required for certified organic
• Reduce pest pressure
• Reduce weed problems
• Improve crop fertility
• Reduce crop disease
• Include cover crops in production
9. Certified Organic
“The producer must manage crop
nutrients and soil fertility through
rotations, cover crops, and the
application of plant and animal
materials”
10. What is a Cover Crop?
A cover crop is grown to support the
production of other crops; not for
harvest. Cover crop residue is left on
the surface in a no-till system or
incorporated into the soil in a tillage
system.
11. Pest Control
• Biodiversity
• Cover crops attract beneficials
• Break cycles of infestation
Example: soil-borne nematodes that are
plant-family specific
16. Beneficial Insects
Big-Eyed Bug Minute Pirate Bug
Newport News Master Gardeners
From University of Nebraska-
Lincoln/Photo by Jack Dykinga,
image from the USDA Agricultural
Research Service.
17. Weed Control
• Crop/weed timing
• Diverse cultivation methods
• Cover crops as smother crops
Example: cultivation of winter squash
before vines extend
19. Crop Fertility
• Certain crops deplete certain nutrients
• Some crops make nutrients more
available
• Cover crops
• Different crop fertilization strategies
20. Crop Fertility
Example: adding compost to one crop,
followed by one that needs well-
decomposed organic matter
Example: straw mulch on tomatoes
increases organic matter for
following crop
22. Disease Control
• Break the cycle of soil-borne disease
• Keep disease from building up
• Increase beneficial microorganisms
• Pathogens with limited host range
• Pathogens without airborne spores
25. What is a Good Cover Crop?
• Legumes
– Nitrogen fixation (70-200 lb/acre N)
• Grasses
– Add biomass (1-5 ton/acre dry)
– Conserve nutrients
• Other vigorous growers
26. How to Plant Cover Crops
• Minimal tillage to clean field and cover
– Fine seed on surface
– Larger seed sow before final cultivation
• Achieve full coverage
• Encourage vigorous germination
• Consider following crop
27.
28.
29.
30. How to Plow in Cover Crops
• Early bloom stage before seed sets
• Mow and shred
• Allow to dry and shrink
• Shallow tillage to incorporate
• Wait 4 weeks before direct seeding
31.
32. Warm Season Legumes
• Soybean
– Upright easy to grow
• Velvet bean (up to 200#N/acre)
– Climbing vines love heat
– Requires cultivation or companion
planting
• Cowpea (100-150#N/acre)
– Vigorous vines love heat
36. Warm Season Broadleaves
• Buckwheat (1-1.5 ton/acre dry)
– Short season
– Prolific blooms attract beneficial insects
– Cycles Calcium
• Sunflower
– Great scaffold for climbers
– Possible harvest with non-climbers
37. Cool Season Legumes
• Crimson Clover (70-130#N/acre)
– Rich in N and blooms
• Fava bean
– „banner‟ for N and biomass
• Hairy Vetch (90-200#N/acre)
• Austrian Winter Pea
41. Cool Season Grasses
• Cereal or Grain Rye
– Great height
– Winter hardiness
• Oats
– Early biomass and semi winter-hardy
• Wheat
– Smaller stature, hardy
42. Primary Mixes--Summer
• Buckwheat, Soybean, and Sudan
– Early bloom of buckwheat
– Mow when soybeans bloom
• Buckwheat alone in sequence
– Short season cover
– Constant bloom for insects
44. Primary Mixes--Winter
• Rye and hairy vetch
– More biomass formed
– Precedes later season crops
• Oats and Crimson Clover
– Precedes spring crops
– Better N source for short crops
45. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
46. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
48. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
50. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
57. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
58. Arrange Crops
• Note-card method
• Blank grid method: column names
– Field Number
– Crops and Cover Crops
– Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall
60. Field Rotation Plan 2012
Field Crop Season
Winter
1 Broccoli Spring
Soybeans/Buckwheat Summer
Carrots and Beets Fall
Rye Aisles Winter
2 Potatoes Spring
Sudex/Soybeans Summer
Garlic Fall
Winter
3 Spring
Late Flowers/Beans Summer
Wheat/Crimson Clover Fall
Winter
4 Spring
Okra Summer
Rye/Hairy Vetch Fall
Winter
5 Spring
Peppers/Eggplant Summer
Oats/Winter Peas Fall
Winter
6 Arugula and Lettuce Spring
Soybeans/Buckwheat Summer
Cabbage and Kale Fall
Rye/Crimson Clover Winter
7 Cucumbers/Squash Spring
Summer
Oats/Winter Peas Fall
Winter
8 Carrots and Beets Spring
Soybeans/Buckwheat Summer
Broccoli Fall
Rye/Clover Winter
9 Sweet Potatoes Spring
Oats and Clover Summer
Fall
Winter
10 Cabbage and Kale Spring
Buckwheat Summer
Arugula and Lettuce Fall
Wheat Aisles and Crimson Clover Winter
11 Spring
Early Flowers and Beans Summer
Rye and Hairy Vetch Fall
Winter
12 Spring
Melons Summer
Rye and Crimson Clover Fall
Winter
13 Tomatoes Spring
Oats and Winter Peas Summer
Fall
61. How to Design a Rotation
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
66. Rotation Questions?
• Measure and map your fields
• Divide into equal-sized „rotational
units‟
• Group cash crops: family, seasonality
• Create rotational plan outline
• Fill in with cover crops
• Create detailed field plan
67. Resources
• National Center for Appropriate
Technology www.attra.ncat.org
• Available online at www.sare.org
– Crop Rotation on Organic Farms: A
Planning Manual
– Using Cover Crops Profitably
• Adams-Briscoe Seed Company
www.abseed.com
68. Planning the Planting of
Cover Crops and Cash
Crops
Daniel Parson
Parson Produce
404.452.4321
www.parsonproduce.com