OBSERVATION
Information taken
from the real world
and made directly
by humans using
their five senses
PROBLEM/QUESTION
-A scientific
questions
-Formulated based
an observed
PROBLEM/QUESTION
EXAMPLE:
“How Brand X
fertilizer influences
the plant growth?”
HYPOTHESIS
EXAMPLE:
“Brand X fertilizer
may help plant
grow greener and
Figure 1 – An experiment to determine how
Brand
X fertilizer influences plant growth
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
Different factors
that can change
in an experiment
Which is the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
Which is the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
AMOUNT OF BRAND X
FERTILIZER
Which is the DEPENDENT VARIABLE?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
Which is the DEPENDENT VARIABLE?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
PLANT GROWTH
Which are the CONTROLLED VARIABLES?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
Which are the CONTROLLED VARIABLES?
1 cupful 1/2 cupful
1 ½
cupfuls
2 cupfuls
No
fertilizer
Which are the CONTROLLED VARIABLES?
Amount of sunlight Temperature
Type of fertilizer Type of plant
DATA INTERPRETATION
EXAMPLE:
The vines of the plant
receiving:
- ½ capful of fertilizer grew
15% longer
- 1 capful of fertilizer grew
DATA INTERPRETATION
EXAMPLE:
The vines of the plant
receiving:
- 1 ½ capfuls of fertilizer
grew 50% longer
- 2 capfuls of fertilizer grew
DATA INTERPRETATION
EXAMPLE:
The vines of the plant
receiving:
- No capful of fertilizer has
no growth
CONCLUSION
EXAMPLE:
“Plant poured by brand X
fertilizer helps plant grow
at least 30% taller and be
greener than plants with

Scientific method