One of chapters in Science of AlQuran, IIUM,UIAM

1. SABAB
NUZUL

2. DEFINITION:
 Literally:
 SABAB: motive, occasion, reason and means.
 NUZUL: coming down from upper place.
 Technically,
‫بشأنه‬ ‫قرآن‬ ‫نزل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫هو‬‫وقوعه‬ ‫وقت‬‫سؤال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كحادثة‬.
 1. The reason of the revelation of Qur’anic verses, due
to an event occurred or question asked.
 2. It is a discipline, in which reasons, and
circumstances which may have led to the revelations
of Qur’anic Ayat, passages, and chapters are studied.
DEFINITION:

3. SABAB NUZUL…
EVENTS OCCURED
QUESTIONS
ASKED
Khawlah bint
Tha`labah
and Aws bin
Samit
Mushrikin’s
questions
WITH THE
PROPHET
WITH THE
COMPANIONS
1
2
1
2
DEFINITION:

4. “EVENTS OCCURED”:
1. With the Prophet:
 a) Surah 'Abasa.
 b) First message in the mount Safa and Abu Lahab.
2. With the Companions:
 Their role in Hunain (8AH).
(َ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫ط‬‫َا‬‫و‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ٍ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ح‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ة‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬
ً‫ئا‬ْ‫ي‬ َ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫نك‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ن‬ْ‫غ‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫األ‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫اق‬َ‫ض‬‫َا‬‫م‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫د‬ُّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫َل‬‫و‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬( )‫التوب‬‫ة‬:25)
Allah has already given you victory in many regions
and [even] on the day of Hunayn, when your great
number pleased you, but it did not avail (benefit) you
at all, and the earth was narrowing for you with its
vastness (hugeness); then you turned back, fleeing
(run away).
DEFINITION:

5. “QUESTIONS ASKED”:
 A) Khawlah bint Tha`labah and Aws bin Samit:
(‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬ ُ َّ‫اّلل‬ َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫س‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫د‬‫َا‬‫ج‬ُ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ِ‫ج‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ز‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬‫ى‬
َ َّ‫اّلل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫و‬‫َا‬‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫َس‬‫ي‬ ُ َّ‫َاّلل‬‫و‬ ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ ِ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫س‬)
(‫المجادلة‬:1)
Indeed Allah has heard the statement of her
(Khaulah bint Tha'labah) that disputes with you (O
Muhammad ) concerning her husband (Aus bin As-
Samit), and complains to Allah. And Allah hears the
argument between you both. Verily, Allah is All-
Hearer, All-Seer.
DEFINITION:

6. Cont…
 B) Mushrikin’s question.
(ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ٍ‫ء‬ ْ‫ي‬ َ‫ش‬ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ول‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ََل‬‫و‬ً‫دا‬َ‫غ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ء‬‫ا‬ َ‫َش‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َّ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬
ُ‫َق‬‫و‬ َ‫يت‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ذ‬‫َا‬‫و‬ ُ َّ‫اّلل‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫َن‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫َه‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ َ‫س‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ب‬
ً‫دا‬ َ‫ش‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬َ ِ‫أل‬( )‫الكهف‬:24)
 Except (with the saying), "If Allah will!" And
remember your Lord when you forget and
say: "It may be that my Lord guides me unto a
nearer way of truth than this."
DEFINITION:

7.  METHODOLOGY
OF KNOWING
SABAB NUZUL
 COMPANIONS’
REPORTS AND
THE KINDS OF
WORDS
 TABI`UN'S
REPORTS IN
SABAB NUZUL
MAJOR
SYMPTOMS

8. METHODOLOGY OF KNOWING
SABAB NUZUL:
 Reporting and quoting:
 Prophet PBUH
 Companions
 and Tabi`un.
MAJOR SYMPTOMS

9. COMPANIONS’ REPORTS AND
THE KINDS OF WORDS:
 The first addressees of the Qur'an.
 Nature of reports.
‫اآلية‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫نزول‬ ‫سبب‬‫وكذا‬ ‫كذا‬...
‫حدث‬‫كذا‬‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫عهد‬ ‫في‬
‫اآلية‬ ‫فنزلت‬..
‫عن‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫سئل‬‫وكذا‬ ‫كذا‬،
‫فنزلت‬...
‫فنزلت‬ ،‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫مع‬ ‫كنت‬..
(‫أفضل‬)
MAJOR SYMPTOMS

10. INDIRECT REPORTS:
‫في‬ ‫اآلية‬ ‫نزلت‬‫كذا‬
‫في‬ ‫نزلت‬ ‫اآلية‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أحسب‬‫كذا‬
 Majority scholars view: Such phrases need
further explanations.
 Imam Bukhari’s view: already counted as
sabab nuzul.
MAJOR SYMPTOMS

11. TABI`UN'S REPORTS IN
SABAB NUZUL:
 Prerequisites:
 1. Direct and clear
 2. Authentic reports
 3. By a famous Tabi`un
 4. Supported by another Tabi`i.
 5. Hadith Mursal.
MAJOR SYMPTOMS

12. A. HIKMAH BEHIND
QUR'ANIC LEGISLATION
B. DISPELS
CONFUSION IN
UNDERSTANDING
C. MEMORIZATION
AND
UNDERSTANDING
D. DISCOVER THE
EXACT SABAB NUZUL
E.
SPECIFICATION
OF RULING
SIGNIFICANCE OF
SABAB NUZUL

13. A. HIKMAH BEHIND
QUR'ANIC LEGISLATION
 Easiness and facilitation.
(‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ث‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ِ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ص‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ح‬
ُ
‫أ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬‫آ‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬ ِ‫اس‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫َأ‬‫و‬ ْ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ ِ‫اس‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫َاب‬‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ن‬‫تا‬ْ‫خ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫نك‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫وه‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ش‬‫َا‬‫ب‬ َ‫اآلن‬َ‫ف‬( )‫البقرة‬:187)
 It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with
your wives on the night of As-Saum (the fasts). They are
Libas [i.e. body cover, or screen, or Sakan, (i.e. you
enjoy the pleasure of living with her) for you and you are
the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive
yourselves, so He turned to you (accepted your
repentance) and forgave you. So now have sexual
relations with them.
SIGNIFICANCE

14. B. DISPELS CONFUSION IN
UNDERSTANDING
 According to al-Wahidi: “It is impossible to
understand the interpretation of a particular verse
without analyzing the real story and explanation
on its reason of revelation”.
‫قصت‬ ‫على‬ ‫الوقوف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اآلية‬ ‫تفسير‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫َل‬‫ها‬
‫نزولها‬ ‫وبيان‬.
 Abul-Fath Qushayri said: “The explanation of
sabab nuzul is a reliable method to understand
the meaning of the Qur’an”.
‫الكتاب‬ ‫معاني‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫قوي‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫النزول‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫بيان‬
‫العزيز‬.
SIGNIFICANCE

15.  E.g.: Direction of Qiblah:
(‫َا‬‫م‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫َغ‬‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫َش‬‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ه‬ ِ‫َّلل‬‫و‬ْ‫وا‬ُّ‫َل‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ِ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫َج‬‫و‬ َّ‫م‬َ‫ث‬َ‫ف‬َ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ع‬ِ‫س‬‫َا‬‫و‬)
 And to Allah belong the east and the west, so
wherever you turn yourselves or your faces there is
the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His
Throne). Surely! Allah is All-Sufficient for His
creatures' needs, All-Knowing.
 Jabir bin 'Abdullah says:
‫في‬ ‫كنت‬ ‫سرية‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫بعث‬‫ها‬
‫من‬ ‫طائفة‬ ‫فقالت‬ ،‫القبلة‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫فلم‬ ،‫ظلمة‬ ‫فأصابتنا‬‫ا‬:‫قد‬
ً‫خطوطا‬ ‫وخطوا‬ ‫فصلوا‬ ‫الشمال‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ههنا‬ ‫هي‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫عرفنا‬
‫لغير‬ ‫الخطوط‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫أصبحت‬ ‫الشمس‬ ‫وطلعت‬ ‫أصبحوا‬ ‫فلما‬
‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫سألنا‬ ‫سفرنا‬ ‫من‬ ‫قفلنا‬ ‫فلما‬ ،‫القبلة‬‫عليه‬
‫تعالى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫وأنزل‬ ‫فسكت‬ ‫وسلم‬:{ْ‫َش‬‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ َّ ِ‫َّلل‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫َغ‬‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ر‬
ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫َج‬‫و‬ َّ‫م‬َ‫ث‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫وا‬ُّ‫َل‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬}
SIGNIFICANCE

16. C. MEMORIZATION AND
UNDERSTANDING
 Throughout the knowledge of stories and
backgrounds of the revelation.
 E.g. The story of Khawlah for Zihar.
SIGNIFICANCE

17. D. DISCOVER THE EXACT
SABAB NUZUL
 Shi`ah attribute some Qur'anic ayat to the wrong people.
َ‫ون‬ُ‫اءل‬ َ‫َس‬‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ َّ‫م‬َ‫ع‬(1)ِ‫يم‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫إ‬َ‫ب‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬(2)‫النبأ‬.
‫العظيم‬ ‫النبأ‬:‫علي‬‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬.
‫ى‬َّ‫َل‬‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ َ‫س‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬(1)‫َى‬‫م‬ ْ‫ع‬َ ْ‫األ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َاء‬‫ج‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬(2)
‫قالوا‬:‫في‬ ‫نزلت‬‫عثمان‬‫دون‬ ‫مكتوم‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫حينما‬
‫عثمان‬.
(ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ط‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ُ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫َا‬‫ي‬( )‫الفجر‬:27)
‫في‬ ‫قالوا‬‫علي‬‫في‬ ‫نزل‬ ‫إنه‬ ‫المفسرين‬ ‫جمهور‬ ‫يقول‬ ‫حينما‬‫عثمان‬‫حين‬‫ما‬
‫المسلمين‬ ‫لعامة‬ ‫وأهداها‬ ،‫رومة‬ ‫بئر‬ ‫اشترى‬.
(‫ى‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ت‬َ ْ‫األ‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫َس‬‫و‬( )‫الليل‬:17)
‫في‬‫بكر‬ ‫أبي‬‫يقولون‬ ‫ولكنهم‬ ،‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬:‫في‬‫علي‬‫عن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬‫ه‬.
SIGNIFICANCE

18. E. SPECIFICATION OF RULING
 Marwan’s concern on ayah:
(‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫أ‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َف‬‫ي‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬ْ‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫َد‬‫م‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ون‬ُّ‫ب‬ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬َّ‫و‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬
ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫َف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ال‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫َل‬‫و‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬( )‫آل‬
‫عمران‬:188)
 Think not that those who rejoice in what they have done
(or brought about), and love to be praised for what they
have not done,- think not you that they are rescued from
the torment, and for them is a painful torment.
 Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas explained: It was revealed due to
Ahl al-Kitab’s attitude.
SIGNIFICANCE

19. A. MULTIPLE REASONS FOR THE
SAME AYAH
B. MULTIPLE AYAT FOR THE SAME
REASON
C. ONE SINGLE REASON FOR
ONE REVELATION
CLASSIFICATION
OF SABAB NUZUL

20. A. MULTIPLE REASONS FOR
THE SAME AYAH
 Considered acceptable if the reports are:
 authentic,
 clear,
 straightforward,
 eyewitness.
 The reasons may vary due to different
occasions that lead to the revelation.
CLASSIFICATION

21. Example:
 Istighfar for Mushrikin (Tawbah 113-114)
(ْ‫َس‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫آ‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫َال‬‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫ن‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫َغ‬‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫َل‬‫و‬
‫َى‬‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬
ُ
‫أ‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬ ِ‫د‬ْ‫َع‬‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ال‬ ُ‫َاب‬‫ح‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬،ِ‫يم‬ِ‫ح‬
ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ ِ‫أل‬ َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬ِ‫ت‬ ْ‫اس‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫م‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫َل‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬
َ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ه‬ ِ‫ّلل‬ ٌّ‫و‬ُ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫و‬‫أل‬ َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫أ‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬)
(‫التوبة‬:113-114)
 It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed
to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they
were relatives, after it has become clear to them that
they are companions of Hellfire. And the request of
forgiveness of Abraham for his father was only
because of a promise he had made to him. But when
it became apparent to Abraham that his father was an
enemy to Allah , he disassociated himself from him.
Indeed was Abraham compassionate and patient.
CLASSIFICATION

22. Cont…The reason behind…
 a) Death of Abu Talib
 b) A man and his Mushrik parents.
 c) Prophet and his mother.
CLASSIFICATION

23. B. MULTIPLE AYAT FOR THE
SAME REASON
 Umm Salamah and Women’s rights.
 Several ayat were revealed due to one
reason; her question regarding women’s
entitlement for rewards from Allah.
CLASSIFICATION

24. i) Umm Salamah (R.A.) said once: “O
Messenger of Allah, I never heard Allah
mention anything regarding women and
Hijrah”, thus Allah revealed:
‫يا‬‫الهجر‬ ‫في‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫أسمع‬ ‫َل‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬‫ة‬
‫هللا‬ ‫فأنزل‬ ،‫بشيء‬:
(َ‫َل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫َاب‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫اس‬َ‫ف‬ٍ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫يع‬ِ‫ض‬
ُ
‫أ‬
ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ٍ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫نك‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ث‬‫ن‬
ُ
‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ض‬ْ‫َع‬‫ب‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫َع‬‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬
ُ‫وذ‬
ُ
‫َأ‬‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫َار‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬
ُ
‫َأ‬‫و‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ‫وا‬
ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫أل‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫َق‬‫و‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫َق‬‫و‬ِ‫خ‬ْ‫د‬ُ‫َأل‬‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ئ‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ َ‫س‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ث‬ ُ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫األ‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ ِ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ِ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬ ً‫َابا‬‫و‬ُ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬
ِ‫ب‬‫َا‬‫و‬َّ‫الث‬ ُ‫ن‬ ْ‫س‬ُ‫ح‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬( )‫عمران‬ ‫آل‬:195(
CLASSIFICATION

25.  So their Lord accepted of them (their supplication and
answered them), "Never will I allow to be lost the work of
any of you, be he male or female. You are (members)
one of another, so those who emigrated and were driven
out from their homes, and suffered harm in My Cause,
and who fought, and were killed (in My Cause), verily, I
will remit from them their evil deeds and admit them into
Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise); a reward
from Allah, and with Allah is the best of rewards."
CLASSIFICATION

26. ii) On a different occasion: “Why we
(women) are not mentioned in the Qur’an
as how men are?”. Not long after that, a
verse was revealed…
‫فلم‬ ‫الرجال؟‬ ‫يذكر‬ ‫كما‬ ‫القرآن‬ ‫في‬ ‫نذكر‬ ‫َل‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫ما‬
‫يقو‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫المنبر‬ ‫على‬ ‫نداؤه‬ ‫إَل‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫منه‬ ‫يرعني‬‫ل‬:
(َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫و‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ن‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ت‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫َال‬‫و‬َّ‫ص‬‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬
ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ال‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬ِ‫ه‬‫د‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫ن‬
ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ه‬‫د‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫َال‬‫و‬‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫م‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ظ‬ِ‫ف‬‫َا‬‫ح‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َه‬‫ج‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ِ‫ف‬‫َا‬‫ح‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫َالذ‬‫و‬ً‫يرا‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ َ َّ‫اّلل‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫َالذ‬‫و‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫ع‬ ً‫را‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫َأ‬‫و‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ُ َّ‫اّلل‬ َّ‫د‬َ‫ع‬َ‫أ‬ً‫يما‬ِ‫ظ‬( )‫األحزاب‬:35)
CLASSIFICATION

27.  Verily, the Muslims men and women, the believers men
and women, the men and the women who are obedient,
the men and women who are truthful, the men and the
women who are patient, the men and the women who
are humble, the men and the women who give Sadaqat ,
the men and the women who observe Saum (fast), the
men and the women who guard their chastity (from
illegal sexual acts) and the men and the women who
remember Allah much with their hearts and tongues or
praying extra additional Nawafil prayers of night, Allah
has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward
CLASSIFICATION

28. iii) She said once again: “Men can fight in
the battle, why can’t women? Why we only
given half portion (compare to men) in
inheritance?”
‫المي‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫وإنما‬ ،‫النساء‬ ‫تغزو‬ ‫وَل‬ ‫الرجال‬ ‫تغزو‬‫راث؟‬
‫هللا‬ ‫فأنزل‬:
(ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ َ‫ل‬َّ‫ض‬َ‫ف‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬ ْ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫و‬ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫َع‬‫ب‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ض‬ْ‫َع‬‫ب‬
ِ‫ه‬‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ َ‫َس‬‫ت‬ْ‫اك‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬ ِ‫يب‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ن‬ ِ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ج‬ِ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬‫م‬ ِ‫يب‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ن‬ ‫اء‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫ا‬َّ‫م‬
َ‫ْن‬‫ب‬ َ‫َس‬‫ت‬ْ‫اك‬ْ‫ض‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫َاس‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬‫ل‬
ً‫يما‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٍ‫ء‬ ْ‫ي‬ َ‫ش‬( )‫النساء‬:32)
CLASSIFICATION

29.  And wish not for the things in which Allah has
made some of you to excel others. For men
there is reward for what they have earned,
(and likewise) for women there is reward for
what they have earned, and ask Allah of His
Bounty. Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of
everything.
CLASSIFICATION

30. THE SCOPE OF
SABAB NUZUL
a)
Specific
person,
specific
manner
b)
General
persons,
general
approach.
c)
Specific
person/s,
general
approach

31. RULING BASED ON GENERAL
TEXT
 a) Specific person, specific manner
‫ى‬َّ‫ظ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ ً‫ارا‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ذ‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ف‬(14)‫ى‬َ‫ق‬ ْ‫ش‬َ ْ‫األ‬ َّ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ال‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫َل‬(15)‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬
‫ى‬َّ‫َل‬‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ب‬َّ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬(16)‫ى‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ت‬َ ْ‫األ‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫َس‬‫و‬(17)َ‫َال‬‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ى‬َّ‫َك‬‫ز‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬(18)َ‫ز‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫ت‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ه‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َ ِ‫أل‬ ‫َا‬‫م‬َ‫و‬‫ى‬(19)‫اء‬َ‫غ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬‫ا‬ َّ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ع‬َ ْ‫األ‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ه‬‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫َج‬‫و‬(20)‫ى‬َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ف‬ْ‫و‬ َ‫س‬َ‫َل‬‫و‬(21)-‫الليل‬.
 So I have warned you of a Fire which is blazing (14)
None will [enter to] burn therein except the most
wretched one (15) Who had denied and turned away
(16) But the righteous one will avoid it (17) [He] who
gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (18) And not
[giving] for anyone who has [done him] a favor to be
rewarded (19) But only seeking the countenance of his
Lord, Most High (20) And he is going to be satisfied.
THE SCOPE

32.  b) General persons, general approach.
 The Jewish approach and companions’ confusion.
(َ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫َس‬‫ي‬َ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ ِ‫يض‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬‫اء‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ال‬ ْ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َز‬‫ت‬ ْ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ى‬ً‫ذ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
ْ‫َط‬‫ي‬ َ‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫وه‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫يض‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫ر‬َّ‫ه‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫وه‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫أ‬
ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ َ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ث‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ُّ‫ب‬ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َّ‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ب‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫َط‬‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬( )‫البقرة‬:222)
 And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is
harm, so keep away from wives during
menstruation. And do not approach them until
they are pure. And when they have purified
themselves, then come to them from where Allah
has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those
who are constantly repentant and loves those who
purify themselves."
THE SCOPE

33.  c) Specific person/s, general approach
 Hilal bin Umayyah/ ‘Uaiymir bin ‘Adi
(ْ‫م‬ُ‫َه‬‫ج‬‫َا‬‫و‬ْ‫ز‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫َال‬‫و‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ُ‫َك‬‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫َل‬‫و‬َ‫د‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ َ‫ش‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫س‬ُ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َّ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫َاء‬‫د‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ة‬
َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ِ‫ب‬ ٍ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫د‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ َ‫ش‬ ُ‫َع‬‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬( )ْ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ة‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ َ‫َت‬‫ن‬
ْ‫ال‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
ُ
‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َد‬‫ي‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ه‬ َ‫ش‬ َ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ٍ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫د‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ِ‫ب‬( )َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ة‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫َال‬‫و‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫َا‬‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ َّ‫اّلل‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ض‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ن‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ص‬‫ال‬)-(‫النور‬:6-9)
 And those who accuse their wives [of adultery] and have no
witnesses except themselves - then the witness of one of them
[shall be] four testimonies [swearing] by Allah that indeed, he is
of the truthful. And the fifth [oath will be] that the curse of Allah
be upon him if he should be among the liars. But it will prevent
punishment from her if she gives four testimonies [swearing] by
Allah that indeed, he is of the liars. And the fifth [oath will be]
that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he was of the truthful.
THE SCOPE