The Tattletooth Program is a school-based dental health program developed in Texas in the 1970s. It aims to develop knowledge and skills around preventing dental disease in schoolchildren. The program provides self-contained teaching packets for classroom teachers to educate students on dental health facts across 5 different age-appropriate levels, from preschool to high school. Lesson plans, materials, and strategies for parental involvement are included. The program piloted an approach of classroom dental health education to promote prevention.
This document provides an overview of early childhood caries (ECC), including definitions, classifications, prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention. ECC is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under 6 years old. Key risk factors include dental plaque, mutans streptococci bacteria, frequent sugar consumption, and improper feeding practices like prolonged bottle use. Prevention strategies focus on educating parents and caregivers on promoting proper oral hygiene, healthy diets, and reducing transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to child.
The document discusses the field of public health dentistry. It provides definitions of key terms like public health and dental public health. It describes the historical development of public health and changing concepts in public health from disease control to health promotion to social engineering to health for all. It outlines tools used in dental public health like epidemiology and biostatistics. It discusses characteristics of ideal public health measures and services provided through public health dentistry.
Space regaining involves moving a displaced permanent tooth into its proper position after premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Methods include fixed appliances like open coil springs and removable appliances like Hawley's retainers. Removable appliances are activated gradually over weeks to exert light distal force on molars and regain up to 2mm of space. Fixed appliances can regain space faster but require proper cementation. Space regaining is best done between ages 7-10 years when tooth roots are still developing.
1. The Cariogram is a graphical model that illustrates an individual's risk for developing new caries based on various etiological factors. It was originally developed as an educational tool.
2. Three studies evaluated the Cariogram model's ability to assess caries risk profiles of different populations. One study compared children in Laos and Sweden, finding higher caries rates and risk profiles in Laotian children. Another evaluated risk profile changes over two years in Swedish children. A third compared orthodontic patients in private vs. government clinics.
3. Additional studies evaluated the Cariogram model's ability to predict caries development. One found no association between risk profile and root-filled teeth but higher car
Importance of caries risk assessment, factors influencing dental caries: as well as risk indicators and predictors have been included in this power point.
Diagnostic aids with description both traditional and recent methods have been covered with required evidence.
This document discusses extraction techniques for primary and permanent teeth in children. It notes key differences in primary versus permanent teeth that impact extraction, such as root shape and size. Techniques are described for different types of teeth, including use of smaller forceps designed for primary teeth and expanding the socket more due to widely-splayed primary molar roots. Management of buried teeth and potential post-operative complications are also outlined. The importance of pre-operative preparation and instructions for the child and parent are emphasized.
Ethics is concerned with judging what is right and wrong in human conduct. Dental ethics refers to the moral duties of dentists towards patients, colleagues, and society. Key principles of dental ethics include non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), respect for patient autonomy and informed consent, justice, truthfulness, and confidentiality. Unethical practices include using unregistered assistants, falsifying records, improper advertising, and undercharging to solicit patients. Historical events like the Nazi experiments, Tuskegee trials, and Declaration of Helsinki established standards to protect research participants through informed consent and review boards. Adherence to an ethical code is important for maintaining trust in the dental profession.
gingiva and periodontal problems in childrenGarima Singh
This document provides an overview of gingival and periodontal diseases in children. It begins with an introduction stating that many periodontal diseases originate during childhood, so early detection and treatment are important. It then covers topics such as the normal periodontium in children, classifications of gingival diseases including gingivitis, acute gingival diseases like herpetic gingivostomatitis, and gingival enlargement. It also discusses periodontitis, specifically aggressive periodontitis which can occur in adolescents, as well as systemic diseases associated with periodontal problems. The conclusion emphasizes that early detection and treatment of periodontal issues in children can prevent more advanced diseases and also identify underlying systemic conditions.
This document provides an overview of early childhood caries (ECC), including definitions, classifications, prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention. ECC is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under 6 years old. Key risk factors include dental plaque, mutans streptococci bacteria, frequent sugar consumption, and improper feeding practices like prolonged bottle use. Prevention strategies focus on educating parents and caregivers on promoting proper oral hygiene, healthy diets, and reducing transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to child.
The document discusses the field of public health dentistry. It provides definitions of key terms like public health and dental public health. It describes the historical development of public health and changing concepts in public health from disease control to health promotion to social engineering to health for all. It outlines tools used in dental public health like epidemiology and biostatistics. It discusses characteristics of ideal public health measures and services provided through public health dentistry.
Space regaining involves moving a displaced permanent tooth into its proper position after premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Methods include fixed appliances like open coil springs and removable appliances like Hawley's retainers. Removable appliances are activated gradually over weeks to exert light distal force on molars and regain up to 2mm of space. Fixed appliances can regain space faster but require proper cementation. Space regaining is best done between ages 7-10 years when tooth roots are still developing.
1. The Cariogram is a graphical model that illustrates an individual's risk for developing new caries based on various etiological factors. It was originally developed as an educational tool.
2. Three studies evaluated the Cariogram model's ability to assess caries risk profiles of different populations. One study compared children in Laos and Sweden, finding higher caries rates and risk profiles in Laotian children. Another evaluated risk profile changes over two years in Swedish children. A third compared orthodontic patients in private vs. government clinics.
3. Additional studies evaluated the Cariogram model's ability to predict caries development. One found no association between risk profile and root-filled teeth but higher car
Importance of caries risk assessment, factors influencing dental caries: as well as risk indicators and predictors have been included in this power point.
Diagnostic aids with description both traditional and recent methods have been covered with required evidence.
This document discusses extraction techniques for primary and permanent teeth in children. It notes key differences in primary versus permanent teeth that impact extraction, such as root shape and size. Techniques are described for different types of teeth, including use of smaller forceps designed for primary teeth and expanding the socket more due to widely-splayed primary molar roots. Management of buried teeth and potential post-operative complications are also outlined. The importance of pre-operative preparation and instructions for the child and parent are emphasized.
Ethics is concerned with judging what is right and wrong in human conduct. Dental ethics refers to the moral duties of dentists towards patients, colleagues, and society. Key principles of dental ethics include non-maleficence (do no harm), beneficence (do good), respect for patient autonomy and informed consent, justice, truthfulness, and confidentiality. Unethical practices include using unregistered assistants, falsifying records, improper advertising, and undercharging to solicit patients. Historical events like the Nazi experiments, Tuskegee trials, and Declaration of Helsinki established standards to protect research participants through informed consent and review boards. Adherence to an ethical code is important for maintaining trust in the dental profession.
gingiva and periodontal problems in childrenGarima Singh
This document provides an overview of gingival and periodontal diseases in children. It begins with an introduction stating that many periodontal diseases originate during childhood, so early detection and treatment are important. It then covers topics such as the normal periodontium in children, classifications of gingival diseases including gingivitis, acute gingival diseases like herpetic gingivostomatitis, and gingival enlargement. It also discusses periodontitis, specifically aggressive periodontitis which can occur in adolescents, as well as systemic diseases associated with periodontal problems. The conclusion emphasizes that early detection and treatment of periodontal issues in children can prevent more advanced diseases and also identify underlying systemic conditions.
This document discusses various dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children. It begins by defining what a dental index is and providing examples of common indices. It then categorizes indices based on how their scores can change, the areas of the mouth they measure, and the conditions they assess. Key indices discussed include the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and CPITN. The document outlines the methodology, scoring, and uses of these important indices for assessing conditions like dental caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis, and malocclusion.
The document provides an overview of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). It discusses the history and definition of EBD, and outlines the five steps (5As) involved: asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising the quality of evidence, applying evidence to individual patients, and assessing performance. EBD aims to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. While EBD focuses on using high-quality evidence, traditional dentistry may rely more on subjective opinions. The document concludes that adopting EBD can help improve patient care by providing a balanced and transparent approach.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and oral health promotion. It discusses the historical development of health promotion originating from public health efforts in the 18th-19th centuries. Key events that shaped the field include the Ottawa Charter of 1986, which established five action areas of health promotion. The document also outlines principles of health promotion like building healthy public policy and developing personal skills. Strategies discussed for oral health promotion include social, preventive, common risk factor, and upstream approaches.
This document discusses preventive resin restorations (PRR), which involve sealing carious lesions and susceptible areas with resin to prevent further decay. PRRs are classified into three types based on the extent and depth of the lesion. Type A involves sealing shallow enamel lesions with resin or sealant. Type B uses resin filler for minimal lesions extending into dentin. Type C places a bevel and layers of resin composite to restore larger lesions extending into dentin. PRR provides advantages over traditional fillings by requiring minimal tooth preparation and sealing decay, while future replacements are less invasive than replacing fillings. Maintaining isolation from moisture is important for success.
This document provides an overview of the process for conducting a case history, examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for pediatric dental patients. It begins with introducing the importance of thoroughly examining child patients to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. It then describes the specific differences between examining child and adult patients. The rest of the document outlines the various components of conducting a case history, including collecting vital statistics, chief complaints, medical/dental history, and social/habits information. It also explains how to perform a physical examination, including extraoral and intraoral assessments. The document concludes by noting the steps for developing a provisional diagnosis, conducting investigations, reaching a final diagnosis, and creating a treatment plan.
The document discusses the mechanism of action of fluorides in preventing dental caries. It begins by providing background on fluorine and the structure of hydroxyapatite in enamel. It then discusses how fluoride is incorporated into enamel through different "pools" in the oral environment. The main proposed mechanisms of fluoride include increasing enamel resistance through formation of fluorapatite, enhancing remineralization, and interfering with plaque bacteria. Understanding fluoride's various modes of action helps develop more effective prevention products and programs.
Sampling is a procedure used to make inferences about a larger population by studying a representative subset of it. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where units have a known, non-zero chance of being selected; and non-probability sampling, where units are selected through convenience. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling. The goal is to select a sample that efficiently and cost-effectively represents the population while addressing requirements like representativeness, measurability, and feasibility.
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
A very important aspect in determining and studying disease is the knowledge of surveys. Its designs, methods etc. This elaborative presentation gives a detailed insight to the survey procedures used in dentistry. Special section on the WHO oral assessment proforma.
RECENT ADVANCES IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRYShaik Gousia
1. Recent advances in pediatric dentistry include the use of silver diamine fluoride to arrest dental caries, zirconia crowns for their esthetics, and lasers which provide benefits for both patients and clinicians.
2. Silver diamine fluoride is effective at arresting existing dental caries and helps prevent new caries from forming or spreading. It provides an alternative to traditional restorative treatments.
3. Zirconia crowns offer superior esthetics compared to other crown materials used in pediatric dentistry. However, they require more chair time and cooperation from patients.
4. Lasers can be used for both soft tissue and hard tissue procedures in pediatric dentistry. They provide less fear
Management & Prevention of early childhood cariesSushma Mohan
This document discusses the management and prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) and rampant caries. It defines ECC as occurring in primary teeth, usually affecting maxillary incisors and molars. Rampant caries can occur at any age and affects both primary and permanent teeth. Treatment for ECC focuses on controlling the carious process, restoring teeth, and educating parents on diet and oral hygiene. Prevention strategies include community education, preventing transmission of cariogenic bacteria, and home-based approaches like fluoride varnish and sealants. Management of rampant caries depends on the extent of decay and involves provisional restorations, diet and hygiene counseling, and fluoride therapy tailored to a patient's
Preventive And Interceptive Orthodonticsshabeel pn
The document discusses preventive and interceptive orthodontics. It describes various procedures used in preventive orthodontics like parent education, caries control, space maintenance, and management of oral habits. Interceptive orthodontics aims to prevent potential malocclusions from progressing and includes serial extraction, correction of developing crossbites, control of habits, space regaining, and intercepting skeletal malrelations. Common space maintainers and habit breakers used are also outlined.
- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent dental diseases before they occur through various levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
- Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease by targeting the entire population or high-risk groups through health promotion, education, environmental modifications, and specific protective measures like water fluoridation or dental sealants.
- Secondary prevention halts disease progression through early diagnosis and prompt treatment while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments from existing conditions.
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
This document discusses methods of measuring dental fluorosis, focusing on the Dean's Fluorosis Index. It provides an introduction to dental fluorosis and indices used to measure it. It then describes the Dean's Fluorosis Index in detail, including the original 1934 index and modified 1942 criteria. The modified criteria consists of a 6-point ordinal scale ranging from normal to severe. Scoring criteria and the Community Fluorosis Index are also discussed. In conclusion, the Dean's Fluorosis Index is highlighted as the most widely used and recommended index for measuring dental fluorosis.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses minimal intervention dentistry and focuses on preserving tooth structure and using the least invasive dental treatments possible. It describes how the field has evolved from prioritizing surgical tooth removal to incorporating concepts of caries prevention, detection, and remineralization. The document outlines the components of a minimal intervention treatment plan, including assessing caries risk factors, detecting early lesions, implementing preventive measures, and only performing restorative treatments when necessary using minimally invasive techniques.
The document discusses various mechanisms for paying for dental care, including:
1. Private fee-for-service, the traditional model where patients pay providers directly. This remains popular but limits access for many.
2. Prepayment plans like insurance, where a third party pays providers on behalf of subscribers. This includes commercial plans, non-profit Delta Dental plans, and prepaid group practices.
3. Public programs like Medicaid provide dental coverage for specific groups but have limitations in eligibility and coverage. Overall the document analyzes different payment systems and their ability to improve access to dental care.
Diet and dental caries - Diet charts and Diet counsellingKarishma Sirimulla
This seminar includes a brief introduction to Diet and Dental caries along with Role of carbohydrates,Proteins and Fats with Dental caries along with diet charts, diet modifications, Diet counselling,Food log and sugar substitutes
comprehensive management of a cleft lip and palate patient by a pedodontistdrsavithaks
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the management of cleft lip and palate patients by a pediatric dentist. It discusses the causes of clefts, diagnosis, parental counseling, feeding techniques, nasoalveolar molding, surgical repair techniques, speech and hearing considerations, dental care, orthodontic treatment, and various expansion appliances used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
Contents:
Introduction
Definition
Aspects of school health programs
Objectives
Ideal requirements
Advantages
Elements/components
Some school oral health programs
WHO’s global school health initiative
Incremental care
Comprehensive care
Conclusion
The document discusses school health services and their objectives, which include appraising student health, counseling on findings, encouraging treatment, identifying disabilities, and providing emergency care. It also outlines components of school oral health programs like inspections, education, fluoride programs, sealant placement, and referrals. A specific program called Tattletooth that was implemented in Texas is described in detail, including its philosophy, implementation, and evaluation approach. The concepts of incremental and comprehensive dental care delivery models are also summarized.
This document discusses various dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children. It begins by defining what a dental index is and providing examples of common indices. It then categorizes indices based on how their scores can change, the areas of the mouth they measure, and the conditions they assess. Key indices discussed include the Oral Hygiene Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and CPITN. The document outlines the methodology, scoring, and uses of these important indices for assessing conditions like dental caries, periodontal disease, fluorosis, and malocclusion.
The document provides an overview of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). It discusses the history and definition of EBD, and outlines the five steps (5As) involved: asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising the quality of evidence, applying evidence to individual patients, and assessing performance. EBD aims to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and preferences. While EBD focuses on using high-quality evidence, traditional dentistry may rely more on subjective opinions. The document concludes that adopting EBD can help improve patient care by providing a balanced and transparent approach.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and oral health promotion. It discusses the historical development of health promotion originating from public health efforts in the 18th-19th centuries. Key events that shaped the field include the Ottawa Charter of 1986, which established five action areas of health promotion. The document also outlines principles of health promotion like building healthy public policy and developing personal skills. Strategies discussed for oral health promotion include social, preventive, common risk factor, and upstream approaches.
This document discusses preventive resin restorations (PRR), which involve sealing carious lesions and susceptible areas with resin to prevent further decay. PRRs are classified into three types based on the extent and depth of the lesion. Type A involves sealing shallow enamel lesions with resin or sealant. Type B uses resin filler for minimal lesions extending into dentin. Type C places a bevel and layers of resin composite to restore larger lesions extending into dentin. PRR provides advantages over traditional fillings by requiring minimal tooth preparation and sealing decay, while future replacements are less invasive than replacing fillings. Maintaining isolation from moisture is important for success.
This document provides an overview of the process for conducting a case history, examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning for pediatric dental patients. It begins with introducing the importance of thoroughly examining child patients to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. It then describes the specific differences between examining child and adult patients. The rest of the document outlines the various components of conducting a case history, including collecting vital statistics, chief complaints, medical/dental history, and social/habits information. It also explains how to perform a physical examination, including extraoral and intraoral assessments. The document concludes by noting the steps for developing a provisional diagnosis, conducting investigations, reaching a final diagnosis, and creating a treatment plan.
The document discusses the mechanism of action of fluorides in preventing dental caries. It begins by providing background on fluorine and the structure of hydroxyapatite in enamel. It then discusses how fluoride is incorporated into enamel through different "pools" in the oral environment. The main proposed mechanisms of fluoride include increasing enamel resistance through formation of fluorapatite, enhancing remineralization, and interfering with plaque bacteria. Understanding fluoride's various modes of action helps develop more effective prevention products and programs.
Sampling is a procedure used to make inferences about a larger population by studying a representative subset of it. There are two main types of sampling: probability sampling, where units have a known, non-zero chance of being selected; and non-probability sampling, where units are selected through convenience. Some common sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling. The goal is to select a sample that efficiently and cost-effectively represents the population while addressing requirements like representativeness, measurability, and feasibility.
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
A very important aspect in determining and studying disease is the knowledge of surveys. Its designs, methods etc. This elaborative presentation gives a detailed insight to the survey procedures used in dentistry. Special section on the WHO oral assessment proforma.
RECENT ADVANCES IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRYShaik Gousia
1. Recent advances in pediatric dentistry include the use of silver diamine fluoride to arrest dental caries, zirconia crowns for their esthetics, and lasers which provide benefits for both patients and clinicians.
2. Silver diamine fluoride is effective at arresting existing dental caries and helps prevent new caries from forming or spreading. It provides an alternative to traditional restorative treatments.
3. Zirconia crowns offer superior esthetics compared to other crown materials used in pediatric dentistry. However, they require more chair time and cooperation from patients.
4. Lasers can be used for both soft tissue and hard tissue procedures in pediatric dentistry. They provide less fear
Management & Prevention of early childhood cariesSushma Mohan
This document discusses the management and prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) and rampant caries. It defines ECC as occurring in primary teeth, usually affecting maxillary incisors and molars. Rampant caries can occur at any age and affects both primary and permanent teeth. Treatment for ECC focuses on controlling the carious process, restoring teeth, and educating parents on diet and oral hygiene. Prevention strategies include community education, preventing transmission of cariogenic bacteria, and home-based approaches like fluoride varnish and sealants. Management of rampant caries depends on the extent of decay and involves provisional restorations, diet and hygiene counseling, and fluoride therapy tailored to a patient's
Preventive And Interceptive Orthodonticsshabeel pn
The document discusses preventive and interceptive orthodontics. It describes various procedures used in preventive orthodontics like parent education, caries control, space maintenance, and management of oral habits. Interceptive orthodontics aims to prevent potential malocclusions from progressing and includes serial extraction, correction of developing crossbites, control of habits, space regaining, and intercepting skeletal malrelations. Common space maintainers and habit breakers used are also outlined.
- Preventive dentistry aims to prevent dental diseases before they occur through various levels of prevention including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
- Primary prevention removes the possibility of disease by targeting the entire population or high-risk groups through health promotion, education, environmental modifications, and specific protective measures like water fluoridation or dental sealants.
- Secondary prevention halts disease progression through early diagnosis and prompt treatment while tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and reducing impairments from existing conditions.
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
This document discusses methods of measuring dental fluorosis, focusing on the Dean's Fluorosis Index. It provides an introduction to dental fluorosis and indices used to measure it. It then describes the Dean's Fluorosis Index in detail, including the original 1934 index and modified 1942 criteria. The modified criteria consists of a 6-point ordinal scale ranging from normal to severe. Scoring criteria and the Community Fluorosis Index are also discussed. In conclusion, the Dean's Fluorosis Index is highlighted as the most widely used and recommended index for measuring dental fluorosis.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses minimal intervention dentistry and focuses on preserving tooth structure and using the least invasive dental treatments possible. It describes how the field has evolved from prioritizing surgical tooth removal to incorporating concepts of caries prevention, detection, and remineralization. The document outlines the components of a minimal intervention treatment plan, including assessing caries risk factors, detecting early lesions, implementing preventive measures, and only performing restorative treatments when necessary using minimally invasive techniques.
The document discusses various mechanisms for paying for dental care, including:
1. Private fee-for-service, the traditional model where patients pay providers directly. This remains popular but limits access for many.
2. Prepayment plans like insurance, where a third party pays providers on behalf of subscribers. This includes commercial plans, non-profit Delta Dental plans, and prepaid group practices.
3. Public programs like Medicaid provide dental coverage for specific groups but have limitations in eligibility and coverage. Overall the document analyzes different payment systems and their ability to improve access to dental care.
Diet and dental caries - Diet charts and Diet counsellingKarishma Sirimulla
This seminar includes a brief introduction to Diet and Dental caries along with Role of carbohydrates,Proteins and Fats with Dental caries along with diet charts, diet modifications, Diet counselling,Food log and sugar substitutes
comprehensive management of a cleft lip and palate patient by a pedodontistdrsavithaks
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the management of cleft lip and palate patients by a pediatric dentist. It discusses the causes of clefts, diagnosis, parental counseling, feeding techniques, nasoalveolar molding, surgical repair techniques, speech and hearing considerations, dental care, orthodontic treatment, and various expansion appliances used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
This is a simple PPT which will help you to understand and study about school oral health development and programs. This also include some MCQs at the end which will help you to test yourself and boost your confidence about your capabilities. This also helps you to read the topic in a cut short method.
Contents:
Introduction
Definition
Aspects of school health programs
Objectives
Ideal requirements
Advantages
Elements/components
Some school oral health programs
WHO’s global school health initiative
Incremental care
Comprehensive care
Conclusion
The document discusses school health services and their objectives, which include appraising student health, counseling on findings, encouraging treatment, identifying disabilities, and providing emergency care. It also outlines components of school oral health programs like inspections, education, fluoride programs, sealant placement, and referrals. A specific program called Tattletooth that was implemented in Texas is described in detail, including its philosophy, implementation, and evaluation approach. The concepts of incremental and comprehensive dental care delivery models are also summarized.
This document summarizes key aspects of school oral health programmes (SOHP). It defines SOHP and lists their objectives as improving dental health knowledge and practices for students. The ideal requirements, advantages, and elements of SOHP are described. Elements include community involvement, dental screenings, education, preventive programs like fluoride and sealants, referrals, and follow-ups. Incremental and comprehensive models of dental care delivery in SOHPs are also outlined. Global initiatives by organizations like WHO are mentioned, as are some examples of national SOHPs.
This document outlines the key components and objectives of a school dental health program. It discusses conducting dental inspections and health education, programs like tooth brushing and fluoride administration, nutrition education, referral processes, and follow up. Example programs are provided, like the ADA's "Learning About Your Oral Health" and Texas' "Tattletooth Program". The goals are to promote proper oral hygiene, prevent dental disease, and improve overall health among school children.
School health care and dental public health communityMahdiKhdir
The document discusses school dental health programs. The goals of school dental services are to help children appreciate the importance of oral health and develop healthy dental habits. A successful program has three components: a healthy school environment, dental health education, and dental health services. Dental health education is most important and should be taught through various means including classroom lessons and demonstrations of brushing. Both comprehensive and incremental dental care models are described. Comprehensive care addresses all current needs while incremental care treats new issues periodically. Establishing an effective school dental program requires organizing stakeholders and providing education and resources to implement preventive services and care for students.
School Oral Health Programmes (Middle East and Asia)Vineetha K
Schools provide an important setting for oral health promotion, as they reach over a billion children worldwide. Through school children, the school staff, families and the community as a whole are benefited from the oral health programs carried out at schools. This presentation covers major oral health programs implemented in schools across Middle East and Asia
This document describes several school oral health programs from different locations and time periods. It provides details on the goals, implementation, and evaluation of programs in the US, Texas, Minnesota, North Carolina, and globally through the WHO. The programs generally aim to educate children about oral health, develop healthy habits, and reduce dental disease through activities in schools. Evaluation of many programs found reductions in tooth decay and positive changes in knowledge and behaviors.
The document provides an overview of school dental health education and school oral health programs. It discusses:
- The importance of children's oral health and common oral diseases that affect children.
- Models of school health programs, including the 3 component model, 8 component model, and health promoting schools model.
- Components of school oral health programs, including dental inspections, health education, fluoride programs, nutrition programs, and referral for treatment.
- The history and evolution of school health programs in India, from early medical examinations to more comprehensive care approaches.
School dental health programs aim to improve children's oral health through education, prevention, and treatment services directly in schools. The key aspects of such programs include conducting dental inspections and health education, providing preventive interventions like fluoride varnish and sealants, and making referrals for treatment when needed. Evaluations show such programs can reduce dental caries by 20-30% through approaches like water fluoridation, fluoride tablets, and toothbrushing programs in schools. The community benefits from improving children's oral health as it helps establish healthy habits that can last a lifetime.
The document discusses school health services and their importance. It defines school health and services, listing their main aims as promoting, protecting, and maintaining student health. Key components of school health programs include health screenings, disease prevention, nutrition services, health education, and maintaining health records. The overall goals are preparing students to adopt healthy behaviors and become productive citizens. An effective school health team involves principals, teachers, parents, medical staff, and students working together.
The document outlines the key components of school health services, which include health appraisal of students and staff, prevention and treatment of health issues, and promoting health through education. The goal is to support students' physical, mental and social well-being so they can learn and develop properly. Key aspects covered include immunizations, nutrition programs, dental/eye screenings, mental health support, and health education to form lifelong healthy habits. Maintaining accurate health records is also important to monitor students' health over time.
1. School health services aim to provide promotive, preventive, and curative healthcare to schoolchildren. This helps improve their health, nutrition, learning performance, school enrollment and attendance.
2. Key components of school health programs include screening students, maintaining a healthy school environment, and providing health education. Duties of the school health team include periodic medical inspections, immunizations, and advising parents and school authorities.
3. Common health issues among schoolchildren are malnutrition, communicable diseases, intestinal parasites, and dental/eye/ear problems. Strategies to address these include safe water, health education, medical exams, and establishing referral systems.
Adolescent Health Programs for UG.24.4.23.pptxShreyashMehta10
The document discusses school health programs and adolescent health in India. It outlines the history and objectives of school health services, as well as the main health problems faced by schoolchildren like malnutrition, infectious diseases, and intestinal parasites. It describes the various aspects of school health services including health screenings, immunizations, health education, and maintaining student health records. The document also provides definitions and characteristics related to adolescent health and notes that adolescents require health information, services, and a supportive environment to develop properly.
This document discusses infant oral health and anticipatory guidance. It provides definitions of terms like risk assessment and anticipatory guidance. It outlines the goals and steps of early infant oral health care visits, including examination, counseling, risk assessment, and establishing anticipatory guidance. The document discusses counseling topics at different developmental stages from infancy to adolescence. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention, prevention of oral diseases, and establishing good oral hygiene habits from an early age through anticipatory guidance.
A health and nutrition promoting schools [Autosaved] (1)Farah Roble
This document discusses strategies for promoting health, nutrition, hygiene and sanitation in school feeding programs. It outlines objectives of school health programs such as imparting knowledge on healthy living. Factors affecting learner health like infrastructure, food safety and water supply are examined. The importance of school health policies, skills-based health education, and creating health-promoting schools is discussed. Signs of healthy learners and key lessons learned about integrating nutrition and sanitation into education are summarized.
Family health/ Community Health Nursing IPratiksha Rai
The document discusses the key aspects of a school health programme. It outlines that the goal of such a program is to promote the overall well-being of school-aged children through initiatives like health screenings, immunizations, nutrition services, health education, and maintaining a healthy school environment. The main components of an ideal school health program include health appraisals of students and staff, preventative measures for communicable diseases, first aid training for teachers, and addressing health issues like malnutrition, dental health, and mental health. Maintaining accurate health records for each student is also emphasized.
Project Proposal on Promotion of School Health and Nutrition (POSHAN) ProjectMohammad Aslam Shaiekh
The POSHAN Project aims to promote school health and nutrition in 4 villages in Nepal over 2 years. It will establish Child Care Centers in schools to provide health screenings, treatment, and nutrition services. It will implement several strategies, including developing school health policies, providing safe water and sanitation, delivering health education, and offering health and nutrition services in schools. The project expects to improve students' health, education outcomes, and social equity in a cost-effective manner by ensuring children are healthy, well-nourished, and able to fully participate in and benefit from their education.
Early childhood dental caries occurs in all racial and socioeconomic groups; however, it tends to be more prevalent in children in families belonging to the low-income group, where it is seen in epidemic proportions. Dental caries results from an overgrowth of specific organisms that are a part of normally occurring human flora. Human dental flora is site specific, and an infant is not colonized until the eruption of the primary dentition at approximately 6 to 30 months of age. The most likely source of inoculation of an infant's dental flora is the mother, or another intimate care provider, shared utensils, etc. Decreasing the level of cariogenic organisms in the mother's dental flora at the time of colonization can significantly impact the child's redisposition to caries. To prevent caries in children, high-risk individuals must be identified at an early age (preferably high-risk mothers during prenatal care), and aggressive strategies should be adopted, including anticipatory guidance, behavior modifications (oral hygiene and feeding practices), and establishment of a dental home by 1 year of age for children deemed at risk.
This document discusses the components and objectives of school health programs in India. It notes that school health programs aim to provide preventive, promotive and curative health services to students. The key components discussed include health screening and services, immunizations, deworming, health education, nutrition services, maintenance of a healthful school environment, first aid, and focusing on issues like dental, eye and mental health. The objectives are to promote students' overall health and development, prevent diseases, inculcate healthy habits, and create health awareness among students, parents and teachers.
The document summarizes dental health programs and the role of school dental health programs. It discusses designing dental health programs for different groups like school children, industrial workers, and the handicapped. School dental health programs aim to provide optimal oral health to students through prevention, screening, treatment, and health education. The duties of school dental health dentists include case finding through various examination and screening methods, referral for treatment, dental health education, follow up, and excusing students for dental treatment. Programs also provide dental care for disadvantaged children who cannot otherwise afford it.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
2. * Introduction
* Definition
* Aspects of school health programs
* Objectives
* Ideal requirements
* Advantages
* Elements/Components
* Some school oral health programs
* WHO’s global school health initiative
* Incremental care
* Comprehensive care
* Conclusion
CONTENTS
3. School health is an important aspect of any
community health program. It is an economical and
powerful means of raising community health in future
generations.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, William
Fisher, a dentist of England was so concerned by the high
caries experience and lack of treatment in the child
population that he devoted much time campaigning for
compulsory inspection and treatment of children in schools.
The beginning of school health service in India dates
back to 1909, when for the first time medical examination
of school children was carried out in Baroda city.
The Bhore Committee in 1946 reported that School
Health Services were practically no existent in India, and
where they existed, were in an underdeveloped state.
INTRODUCTION
4. In 1953, the Secondary Education Committee emphasized the
need for school nutrition programs.
In 1960, the Government of India constituted a
School Health Committee, and submitted its report in 1961.
In January 1982, a Task Force constituted by the Government of
India to propose an intensive
School Health Service Project, submitted its report.
The "Tokyo Declaration" was made on July 19th,
2001 at the 1st Asian Conference on Oral Health Promotion for
School Children, held in Tokyo.
The "Ayutthaya Declaration" was made on February
23rd, 2003 at the 2nd Asian Conference of Oral Health
Promotion for School Children held in Ayutthaya, Thailand.
The “Bangalore declaration" was made on January
28th, 2005 at the CAMHADD/WHO workshop on prevention and
promotion of oral health through schools held at Bangalore.
5. DEFINITION
School Health Services
are defined as the "procedures established
1. to appraise the health status of pupils and school personnel
2. to counsel pupils, parents, and others concerning appraisal findings
3. to encourage the correction of remediable defects
4. to assist in the identification and education of handicapped children
5. to help prevent and control disease and
6. to provide emergency service for injury or sudden sickness".
(by The Committee on Terminology of the American Association for
Health, Physical Education, and Recreation 1951)
6. Health appraisal:
It is defined as "the process of determining the total health status of the
child through such means as health histories, teacher and nurse
observations, screening test; and medical, dental and psychological
examinations". Teachers have far more contact with school children
than do physicians and dentists.
Health counselling:
Following appraisal comes health counselling, which is defined as "the
procedure by which nurse, teachers, physicians, guidance personnel,
and others interpret to pupils and parents, the nature and significance
of the health problem and aid them in formulating a plan of action
which will lead to solution of the problem"
Emergency care and first aid
Since teachers are the first to realize any emergency in a school, they
should be trained in handling simple emergencies such as traumatic
injuries to teeth during contact sports.
ASPECTS OF SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICE
1)
2)
3)
7. School health education:
It is the process of providing learning experiences for the
purpose of influencing knowledge, attitudes, or conduct relating
to individual or community health. It should cover the aspects of
(a) personal hygiene (b) environmental health and (c) family life
Maintenance of school health records:
These records are useful in analyzing and evaluating school
health programs and to provide a useful link between the home,
the school and the community.
Curative services:
They include regular dental check ups and prompt treatment
wherever possible and referral for special problems.
4)
5)
6)
8. To help every school child appreciate the importance of a healthy
mouth.
To help every school child appreciate the relationship of dental health
to general health and appearance.
To encourage the observance of dental health practices, including
personal care, professional care, proper diet, and oral habits.
To enlist the aid of all groups and agencies interested in the promotion
of school health.
To correlate dental health activities with the total school health
program.
To stimulate the development of resources to make dental care
available to all children and youth.
To stimulate dentists to perform adequate health services for children.
OBJECTIVES
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
9. A school oral health program should
1). Be administratively sound
2). Be available to all children
3). Provide the facts about dentistry and dental care, especially about
self- care preventive procedures
4). Aid in the development of favourable attitudes toward dental health
5). Provide the environment for the development of psychomotor skills
necessary for tooth brushing and flossing
6). Include primary preventive dentistry programs-prophylaxis, fluoride
programs, and use of pit-and- fissure sealants
7). Provide screening methods for the early identification and referral of
pathology
8). Ensure that all discerned pathology is expeditiously treated
IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
10. 1). The school based dental health programs can bring comprehensive
dental care including preventive measures to schoolchildren where
they are gathered anyway for nondental reasons in the largest
possible numbers.
This is particularly advantageous in dentist - deprived areas.
2). School clinics are less threatening than private offices since the
children are in familiar surrounding
3). If the children can be maintained in a state of good dental health it
will be relatively easy to maintain their dental health in adult life.
4). A regular dental attendance pattern in early life will be continued
after school age.
5). Utilizing dental auxiliaries can further reduce the cost
ADVANTAGES
11. ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS of school oral health program
• Improving school- community relation
• Conducting dental inspection
• Conducting health education
• Performing specific programmers'
• Referral for dental care
• Follow-up of dental inspection
12. One of the first steps in organizing a dental health program is
the formation of an advisory committee. It should include
broad representation from parents, teachers, school
administrators, dental professionals, health officers and
community leaders.
The task of these committees is
To appraise and publicize the dental needs of the school children
To address the school administration's concern in the promotion
of oral health.
To make people realize the importance of dental health.
1). Improving school-community relations:
13. In a situation where the extent of dental diseases
among school children is found to be 95% or more, a
program of dental inspection becomes a matter of
debate. A few are of opinion that it would be a mere
waste of resources (money, manpower, material and
time) to examine for a disease which occurs almost
universally and which demands treatment. The other
sections are in favour of dental inspections.
2. Conducting dental
inspections:
14. 1. It serves as a basis for school dental health instruction.
2. It builds a positive attitude in the child toward the dentist and
dental care.
3. The child and the parent are motivated to seek adequate
professional care,
4. Teachers, students, and dentists concerned with dental health
may use the dental inspection as a fact-finding experience.
5. Baseline and cumulative data for evaluation of the school
dental health program are made available.
6. Provides information as to the status of dental needs to plan a
sound dental health program.
Benefits of school dental
inspections:
15. 1. Parents and children frequently accept the inspections to be
comprehensive and depend entirely upon it rather than a
complete dental examination by the family dentist
2. Sometimes the school inspections may tend to discourage
rather than promote the development of the habit of visiting
the dentist at an early age.
3. It is desirable for parents to be present during dental
examinations. This procedure is not always feasible in school
inspections.
Limitations:
16. Three phases in dental health education ;(a)Dental health
instructions (b). Dental health services
(c). Dental health treatment including preventive
procedure
A school dental health program should include a suggested formal approach
to teaching dental health in the classroom. The dentist serves as the expert
resource person to strengthen the teacher's classroom instruction program.
He should give each teacher sincere attention. This is important in developing
proper attitudes and personal dental health practices by the teacher which
can be passed on to the classroom.
3). CONDUCTING DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION
17. 4). Performing specific programs
1. Tooth brushing programmes
2. Classroom-based fluoride programmes
3. School water fluoridation programmes
4. Nutrition as a part of school preventive
dentistry programmes
5. Sealants placement
6. Science fair
18. • In the classroom, 6-8 children can be taught as a group. Each is given a cup. a
napkin, and a kit containing a disclosing tablet, a toothbrush, and a tube of
fluoride dentifrice.
The children are demonstrated how to remove some imaginary dirt from between
the cuticle and the thumbnail.
The mastery of the 45 0 angulations and the short vibratory strokes can then be
repeated on an oversize dentoform model.
Next, the children are asked to chew a disclosing tablet and to swish it around the
mouth for 30 seconds. They are then encouraged to look at each other's teeth
with appropriate emphasis on the fact that the red stain colors the plaque in which
the bacteria live.
Next a magnifying mirror is passed around so the participants can note that their
teeth are no different from those of their neighbours i.e. all people have plaque.
Guided brushing can then begin, with the instructor establishing the sequence of
teeth to be brushed.
At the end, the mirror is again passed around
to show that progress has been made.
A.Brushing programs
19. 1) Fluoride ‘mouth – rinse’ program:
A once-a-week mouth rinse can be expected to result in 20% to 40% reduction in
dental caries.
The kit used in the program consists of fluoride rinsedispenser, cups, napkins and
plastic disposal bags.
The dispenser is graduated so that 2.0 gm of packaged sodium fluoride powder
can be placed in the jug and water added to the 1000-ml mark.
The rinse should be non-sweetened and non-flavored to discourage swallowing.
Rinsing programs are advised for grades 1 to 12 but not below.
Five ml of the rinse is dispensed into each cup and all the children are
instructed to rinse the solution in the mouth for 1 minute, after which they are to spit
carefully into the cup.
The napkin is used to wipe the mouth, after which it is forced into the bottom
of the cup to absorb all fluid. One of the students then collects the cups.
Fluoride mouth-rinsing programs received official recognition of safety from
the FDA in 1974 and by the Council on Dental Therapeutics of the ADA in 1975.
B).Classroom-based fluoride programs:
20. 2). Fluoride tablet program:
One tablet is given to each student The student
then chews and swishes the 2.2 mg sodium
fluoride (1 mg fluoride) tablet in the mouth for a
minute and then swallows. The swish-and-
swallow technique not only provides the
benefits of a topical application but also
provides the optimum systemic benefit during
the period of tooth development and
maturation.
21. • This procedure makes the fluoride available to children,
for whom dental caries is a primary problem, as
compared to older age groups.
The amount of fluoride added to school drinking water
must be greater than that used in communal water
supplies, i.e.,
4.5 times the optimum concentration since children are
in school for shorter hours and less water is consumed
during that time. For Individuals not served by a public
water supply, alternative methods such as fluoridating
the individual school water I supply must be considered.
A major disadvantage is that children do not receive
benefits until they begin school.
C). School water fluoridation programs
22. • School lunch programs are designed to provide the child with
an intake of nutrients that approximate one third of the daily
intake of essential carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, and
vitamins. Sugar discipline can be aided through counseling by
the school dietician, dental hygienist or teacher. Emphasis
cannot be on a total restriction of sugars. Instead, it should
focus on reducing the frequency of intake and selecting sugar
product that are rapidly cleared from the mouth
D). Nutrition as a part of school preventive
dentistry programs:
23. The objectives of the program
1. To improve enrolment and attendance
2. To reduce school drop outs.
3. To improve child health by increasing nutrition level.
4. To improve learning levels of children
24. The placement of pit-and-fissure sealants is ideally suited for a school program.
First, second, 6th and 7th standards would be desirable levels to selectively intervene
to prevent pit-and- fissure lesions. (1st and 2nd standards, because- First permanent
molars are sufficiently erupted to place the sealant. 6th and 7th standards - 2nd
permanent molars). Sealant placement, when coupled with a follow-up application of
fluoride, in addition to the classroom fluoride mouth- rinse or fluoride tablet program,
helps- provide a continuous protection of the whole tooth.
A science fair not only helps in educating and motivating school children to
improve their oral health but also provides an excellent opportunity for dentistry to
contribute substantially to the building of a growing reservoir of students who may
some day choose a career in dentistry.
E) . Sealant placement:
F) . Science fairs:
25. 5) Referral for dental care:
In a few schools dental care is provided at the school itself. However if only emergency
treatment is provided, for eg, If the dental auxiliary places eugenol - soaked cotton in a child's
cavity to relieve the pain, the parent does not see the child in pain and might conclude that the
school has taken care of the dental problem. Therefore the parent should be informed and made
to understand that such emergency treatment is not a cure and she will have to visit the dentist
of her choice for proper dental treatment.
"Blanket" referral:
A program that has proved to be effective in many schools is 'blanket' referral of all
children to their family dentists. In this program, all children are given referral cards to take home
and subsequently to the dentist, who sign the cards upon completion of examination, treatment,
or both. The signed cards are then returned to the school nurse, or classroom teacher, who plays
an important role in following up the referrals with the child and parents.
The mere issuance of referral slips to children will be of little value if steps are not taken
to make it clear that the school is interested in defect correction. This needs a good follow-up
system. The dental hygienist is the logical person to conduct such follow-up examinations.
Leave concessions from school for dental treatment are strongly recommended.
6) Follow-up:
26. SOME SCHOOL ORAL HEALTH PROGRAMS
1. “Learning about your oral health” – prevention oriented
school programme
2. “TATTLETOOTH PROGRAM" - TEXAS STATEWIDE PREVENTIVE
DENTISTRY PROGRAM
3. ASKOV DENTAL DEMONSTRATION
4. NORTH CAROLINA STATEWIDE PREVENTIVE DENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
5. SCHOOL HEALTH ADDITIONAL REFERRAL PROGRAMME (SHARP)
6. TEENAGE HEALTH EDUCATION TEACHING ASSISTANTS PROGRAM
(THETA Program)
7. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S (WHO’S) GLOBAL SCHOOL HEALTH
INITIATIVE
27. :
This program was developed by the 'American Dental
Association' (ADA) and their consultants in coordination with the
1971 ADA House of delegates and is presently available to school
systems throughout the United States of America.
"Learning about Your Oral Health" is a comprehensive program
covering current dental concepts.
“LEARNING ABOUT YOUR ORAL HEALTH” – A PREVENTION
ORIENTED SCHOOL PROGRAM
28. The primary goal of this program
is to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed for prevention of dental diseases among
school children.
Implementation of the program:
The program fs divided into five levels, each level having its own defined specific content The five
different levels are:
The core material for each of the five levels is self-contained in a teaching packet that allows the
classroom teacher to adapt the presentation to the needs of the students. Each teaching packet
includes.
A teacher's self-contained guide on "dental health facts" with a section on handicapped children
A glossary of dental health terms
A curriculum guide featuring content, goals, behavioral objectives and suggested activities for
other classes
Five lesson plans for the preschool level and seven or more lesson plans for each of the other
levels
Four overhead transparencies
Twelve spirit masters (for copying)
Methods and activities for parental involvement
* Preschool (designed for children too young to read).
* Level I (kindergarten through grade 3).
* Level II (grades 4 through 6).
* Level III (grades 7 through 9).
* Level IV (grades 10 through 12).
29. The Tattletooth Program was developed in 1974-1976 as a cooperative effort
between Texas Dental health professional organizations, the Texas Department of
Health and the Texas Education Agency through a grant from the
Department of Health and Human Services to the Bureau of Dental Health. The
program was pilot tested inl975 and field tested in spring I97£in schools within the
state of Texas.
In l989, the Bureau of dental health developed a new program to replace the
existing Tattletooth Program. This was called Tattletooth II - A New Generation for
Grades K – 6.
Three videotapes were produced as part of the teacher-training package.
The first videotape familiarizes the teachers with the lesson format and
content.
A second videotape, "Brushing and Flossing" was developed for the dual
purpose of teacher training and as an educational unit to be used by the teacher
with the students.
A third videotape provides teachers with additional background information
as a means of preparing them to teach the lessons.
“TATTLETOOTH PROGRAM" - TEXAS STATEWIDE PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY PROGRAM
30. The program embraces the six elements of effective
lesson design; anticipatory set, setting the objective,
input modelling, checking for understanding, guided
practice and independent practice.
The basic goal of the program is to reduce dental
disease and develop positive dental habits to last a
lifetime. The major thrust of Tattle tooth is to convince
students that preventing dental disease is important
and that they can do it.
Program philosophy and goals:
31. The Texas Department of Health employs 16 hygienists in the eight public
health regions to implement the Tattle tooth Program.
The hygienists instruct teachers using videotapes designed for teacher
training and provide them with a copy of the curriculum.
Health promotion activities are encouraged and publicized within the school
community.
Teachers are encouraged to invite a dental professional to demonstrate
brushing and flossing in the classroom.
A field trip to a dental office is strongly recommended for kindergarten
children.
Bulletin board suggestions, a book list, films and videotapes are available on a
free loan for appropriate grade levels,
Other resources used are a list of companies providing supplementary
classroom resources and a comprehensive glossary of vocabulary words
written for the teacher in English or Spanish that are used in all grade levels.
Program implementation:
32. Program evaluation:
The students in grades 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 were given the Texas Assessment of Academic
Skills (TAAS) by the Texas Education agency, to satisfy the legislative requirement that
student performance be assessed.
Teacher evaluation is done annually by principals and supervisors using a 65-item
checklist.
A major field test conducted in 1975 and 1976 studied 15,000 children in 18
educational service regions. Results of single exposure to the program revealed that,
Dental health knowledge was significantly increased at all grade levels.
Plaque levels were decreased by approximately 15% in a randomly selected sample of
2,142 children.
Over 80% of the teachers judged the program to be helpful and effective, but
evaluation questions suggested that they felt a need for additional technical help in
brushing and flossing.
In l989, a state wide summative evaluation of the seven levels of the Tattletooth II
curriculum was conducted. The results showed,
Teacher-student interaction was present as a result of the format
Student responses to the curriculum were positive or very positive.
Approximately 94% of the teachers felt that teaching oral health can have a positive
effect on children's dental health habits.
33. ASKOV DENTAL DEMONSTRATION
Askov is a small farming community with a population mostly of
Danish extraction. It showed very high dental caries in the Initial
surveys made in 1943 and 1946.
During the period from 1949 to 1957, the Section on Dental
Health of the Minnesota Department of Health supervised a
demonstration school dental health program in Askov, including
caries prevention and control, dental health education and
dental care.
All recognized methods for preventing dental caries were used in
the demonstration with the exception of communal water
fluoridation since until 1955 Askov had no communal water
supply.
34. Dental care was rendered by a group of five dentists from nearby
communities employed by the Minnesota Department of Health.
These dentists also gave topical fluoride treatments.
Findings available through a 10 year period revealed
28% reduction in dental caries in deciduous teeth of children
aged 3 to 5 years
34% reduction in caries in the permanent teeth of children 6 to
12 years old
14% reduction in permanent teeth of children 13 to 17 years old.
Improvements in filled-tooth ratios
The cost of the program was greater and the caries reductions
smaller when compared with water fluoridation.
35. In 1970, the North Carolina Dental Society passed resolutions
advocating a strong preventive dental disease program
embracing school and community fluoridation, fluoride
treatments for school children, plaque control education in
schools and communities and continuing education on
prevention for dental professionals.
In 1973, Frank. E. Law prepared a report for the North Carolina
Dental Society that defined the extent of the dental disease
problem and this resulted in the initiation of a 10-year program
to reduce dental disease.
NORTH CAROLINA STATEWIDE PREVENTIVE DENTAL HEALTH
PROGRAM
36. Program philosophy and goals:
This program is a unique public and private partnership
dedicated to the mission of assuring conditions in
which North Carolina citizens can achieve optimal oral
health. The program activities include preventive and
educational components to modify the behavior
patterns of individuals to improve their oral health
habits through dietary changes, tooth brushing and
flossing.
37. Objectives that will facilitate attainment of the goals include:
Appropriate use of fluoride
Health education in schools and communities
Availability of public health dental staff in all counties
Program implementation:
This program is unique in that, it is designed to reach several segments of the
population: young children, parents, teachers, dental professionals and community
leaders.
In the year 1990, services delivered through the program included
The fluoridation of water supplies of 130 rural schools,
Weekly fluoride mouth rinse for more than 416,000 students in 1,051 schools.
Screening and referral for more than children.
Dental health education was presented to 361,000 children and adults.
More than 33,000 dental sealants were applied.
Teachers are believe to be the key in the educational program.
Program evaluation
Evaluation is a necessary ongoing process to measure the effectiveness of the dental
health program.
38. SCHOOL HEALTH ADDITIONAL REFERRAL PROGRAMME (SHARP)
(Motivation through home visits)
This program was instituted in Philadelphia with the purpose of
motivating parents into initiating action for correction of defects
in their children through effective utilization of community
resources. The project was carried out by district nurses with the
cooperation of school personnel. The nurses made daytime visits
to families in which the mothers were at home. Working parents
were contacted by phone. The one-to-one basis of health
guidance between parent and health worker established better
rapport between school and home.
39. TEENAGE HEALTH EDUCATION TEACHING ASSISTANTS
PROGRAM (THETA Program)
Developed by the National Foundation for the prevention of oral
disease for the Department of Health and Welfare, Division of
Dental Health.
Philosophy
Dental personnel train high school children to teach preventive
dentistry to elementary school children.
Goals
To give knowledge & skills to young children.
Allows high school children to develop understanding of young
children.
Introduces them to career opportunities.
40. COLGATE’S BRIGHT SMILES, BRIGHT FUTURES
"The Colgate Bright Smiles, Bright Futures" oral health
educational program worldwide was developed to teach children
positive oral health habits of basic hygiene, diet and physical
activity. This program also encourages dental professionals,
public health officials, civic leaders and most importantly,
parents and educators to come together to emphasize the
importance of oral health as part of a child's overall physical and
emotional development.
The Teachers Training Program is an integral part of the School
Dental Health Program, conducted regularly across the country
to promote preventive dental health care.
41. WHO's Global School Health Initiative, launched in
1995, seeks to mobilize and strengthen health
promotion and education activities at the local,
national, regional and global levels. The Initiative is
designed to improve the health of students, school
personnel, families and other members of the
community through schools.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S (WHO’S) GLOBAL SCHOOL
HEALTH INITIATIVE
42. Incremental care may be defined as "periodic care so
spaced that increments of dental disease are treated at
the earliest time consistent with proper diagnosis and
operating efficiency, in such a way that there is no
accumulation of dental needs beyond the minimum.”
In private practice, six months is the commonest,
though not the only interval between visits. In public
health programs, one-year intervals are usually
implemented.
INCREMENTAL CARE
43. Advantages:
Lesions of dental caries are treated before there has
been a chance for pulpal involvement.
Periodontal disease is intercepted at or near the
beginning.
Topical and other preventive measures are maintained
on a periodic basis.
Bills for dental services are equalized and regularly
spaced.
The program avoids the high expenditure of late dental
care
44. Disadvantages
Time consuming
Restorative dentistry is more time consuming on a piecemeal
basis than upon a wholesale basis
Attention to deciduous teeth:
Much laborious restorative work may be performed upon
deciduous molars at a time when permanent successors have
already started calcification and are controlling factors in
mandibular growth.
Increasing likelihood of interruption in children's dental health
programs:
Mobility of the children along with their families tends to
interrupt programs for dental or maintenance care
45. COMPREHENSIVE CARE
Comprehensive dental care is the meeting of accumulated dental needs at
the time a population group is taken into the program (initial care) and the
detection and correction of new increments of dental disease on a
semiannual or other periodic basis (maintenance care).
Services are provided not only to eliminate pain and infection but also to
Restore serviceable teeth to good functional form,
Replace missing teeth,
Provide maintenance care for the control of early lesions of dental disease
Provide preventive measures, educational and otherwise, so that the
population may experience a lower prevalence of disease.
46. CONCLUSION
A school oral health program should not impose an excess or unusual
teaching burden on the teachers, it should be cost effective in manpower,
money, and material and it should produce observable results.
Since children are often the most important victims of dental diseases,
programs aimed at dental health of the school children are of great
importance in promoting oral health of the community.