This document discusses the components and objectives of school health programs in India. It notes that school health programs aim to provide preventive, promotive and curative health services to students. The key components discussed include health screening and services, immunizations, deworming, health education, nutrition services, maintenance of a healthful school environment, first aid, and focusing on issues like dental, eye and mental health. The objectives are to promote students' overall health and development, prevent diseases, inculcate healthy habits, and create health awareness among students, parents and teachers.

1. SCHOOL HEATH

2. INTRODUCTION
School health program is envisaged as an important tool for the
provision of-
• Preventive, promotive and curative health services to the
population.
• The programme which is functioning well in states like
Tamilnadu, Kerala, Gujarat and West Bengal have been analysed
and documented, and various options worked out, so that they
can serve as an information resource for the states.

3. NEED FOR SCHOOL HEATH
1.1951-209671 PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
2.1995-581305 PRIMARY SCHOOLS
3.1951-19.2 MILLION-SCHOOL ENROLLMENT.
4.1995-108 MILLION-SCHOOL ENROLLMENT.

4. CONTED..
• Today, schools present an extraordinary opportunity to help millions of young
people
• Acquire health supportive knowledge, values, attitudes and behaviour patterns.
• The students can serve as a means of promoting health of other children, their
families and
• community members.
• Health is a multidimensional concept and is shaped by biological, Physical,
psychological, social, economic, cultural and political factors.
• There is a growing recognition that the health and psychosocial well-being of
children and youth is of fundamental value and that the school setting can provide
a strategic means of improving children's health, self-esteem, life skills and
behaviour.

5. DEFINITION
• A comprehensives school health program is an integrated
set of. Planned, sequential, school-affiliated strategies,
activities, and. Services designed to promote the optimal
physical, emotional, social, and educational development
of students.

6. COMPREHENSI
VE
• The term comprehensive means inclusive, covering
completely and broadly, and refers to a broad range of
health and education components.

7. CONTED..
Integrated
• Integrated means to form, coordinate, or blend into a functioning or unified whole, to
unite.
Planned
• The term planned implies a deliberate design, a detailed formulation of a program of
action. Planning involves developing an orderly arrangement of program strategies,
activities, and services, after careful consideration of needs and resources, in order to meet
the needs of students and their families.
Sequential
• The term sequential implies a deliberate ordering or succession of program elements, so
that each successive event builds upon previous student experience and is compatible with
a student's developmental status.

8. CONTED..
School-affiliated
• The term school-affiliated refers to activities that are school-based, school-
linked, or have any other connection with the schools.
Strategies, activities, services
• Strategies, activities, and services refer to approaches, methods, actions, and
interventions for the purpose of accomplishing program goals and objectives.

9. Development
• Development refers to the process of growth, advancement, and maturation.
Involves . . . supportive of families
• Involves means to engage as a participant, to include.
• Supportive implies help, assistance, advocacy—to hold up or serve as a
foundation
CONTED..

10. NEED
MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED.
1.Malnutrition.
2.Infectious diseases
3.Intestinal parasites.
4.Diseases of skin, eye, & ear
5.Dental carries...

11. DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL HEALTH
IN INDIA
1909-Medical examination for
school children.
2.1946-Bhore committee report on
non existence of adequate school
health facilities.

12. 3. 1953-The secondary education
committee stressed on the need for
regular examination & school feeding
programme.
4.II FYP –Initiatives for school health
feeding prog.
5.1960-Constitution of school health
committee at village, state, national
level.

13. 5.1960-Constitution of school health committee at
village, state, national level
Recommendations-.
School health services by 1962,63.
School health through primary school by 66 -71.
CONTED..

14. 1960-The Children's Act –care , maintenance, welfare,
training, education & rehabilitation of delinquent
children
1986-Juvenile Justice Act-uniform legal framework for
juvenile justice.
CONTED..

15. OTHER SUPPORTIVE PROGS-
1974-75-ICDS
1980-83-ADDCP,ARI Control prog.
Welfare programme are linked with school health
prog.
Presently Mid-day meal and WIF
CONTED..

16. OBJECTIVES OF SCHOOL HEALTH PROG
1.To promote health of the school
children through health supervision,
health care & nutrition progs.
2.To prevent communicable & non-
communicable diseases.

17. health instruction.
4 3.To inculcate healthy habits by
proper.To create health consciousness
in children,parent & teacher.
5.To prepare the child for education
&for good citizenship

18. 6.To provide healthful school
environment

19. COMPONENTS OF
SCHOOL HEALTH PROG
1.The task of school health are
multidimensional
2.The interventions vary according to the
context of the society, however broadly
3The following are some aspects, components
of SHP

20. 3The following are some aspects, components
of SHP
.
1.Health appraisal of school children & school
personnel
2.Remedial measures & follow-up
3.Prevention of communicable diseases.
4.Healthful school environment

21. 5.Nutrition serves
6.First aid & emergency care.
7.Mental health
8.Dental health
9.Eye health.

22. 10.Health education.
11.Education of the handicapped
children
12.Maintenance & use of school health
records..

23. COMPONENTS OF SCHOOL HEALTH
Health service provision:
• Screening, health care and referral:
 Screening of general health, assessment of Anaemia/Nutritional status,
visual acuity, hearing problems, dental check- up, common skin
conditions,
 Heart defects, physical disabilities, learning disorders, behaviour
problems, etc.
 Basic medicine kit will be provided to take care of common ailments
prevalent among young school going children.
 Referral Cards for priority services at District / Sub-District hospitals.

24. Daily morning inspection by the teachers-
unusually flushed face, rashes, spots, s/s
acute cold, coughing & sneezing, sore
throat, rigid neck, nausea, vomiting watery
eyes, headache, chills fever, sleepiness, dis-
inclination to play, diarrhea, skin
conditions-scabies or ringworm.. etc.

25. 1.Following the regular
examination,respective referral services
2.Special clinics should be conducted in
the health units.
3.Specialist should be employed in schools
for the same..

26. • Immunisation:
 As per national schedule
 Fixed day activity
 Coupled with education about the
issue

27. • De-worming
o As per national guidelines
o Biannually supervised schedule
o Prior IEC
o Siblings of students also to be covered

29. • Health Promoting Schools
o Counselling services
o Regular practice of Yoga, Physical education, health education
o Peer leaders as health educators.
o Adolescent health education-existing in few places
o Linkages with the out of school children
o Health clubs, Health cabinets
o First Aid room/corners or clinics.

30. ing
REMEDIAL MEASURES & FOLLOW UP

31. 4.Referral hospital must provide for
beds for children who are admitted &
provide relevant treatment.

32. PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE.
1.By means of immunization.
2.The above should be maintained in the school
health records.

33. HEALTHFUL SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
1.An optimal school environment-
location,building & equipment are
important pre-requisites for a school
health.
2.A good school environment promotes
physical,social & emotional health of the
pupils.

34. 3.Schools should serve as exemplary places
to reflect sanitation.

35. SUGGESTED STANDARDS.
1.Location-Centrally situated, fairly away from busy places, roads,
cinema theatre, houses, factory, railway tracks & market places.
2.The school premises should be fenced.
SITE-1.on high land.
SHC-10 Acre-higher elementary school.
5 Acre-primary school.
Additional.- with 1 acre land- 100 students.

36. STRUCTURE.
Nursery & Secondary schools must be
single storied
Ext walls should be 10 inches thick &
should be heat resistant.

37. CLASS ROOMS.
Verandas should be attached to class rooms
A class should comfortably accommodate
40 students.
The per capita space for a student should
be 10 sq ft & more.

38. FURNITURE.
Furniture provided should suit the age group
of the students
Single desks & chairs should be provided
The chairs should have proper back rest

39. DOORS & WINDOWS.
1.The combined door & window should
be >25% of the floor space
2.The class should have cross
ventilation
3.Class rooms should have ventilators.-
>2% of the floor area.
4.The windows should be broad located
at 2-6 Ft from the floor level.

40. COLOUR
White & the class room should be
periodically white washed.

41. LIGHTING.
The class room should have sufficient
natural lighting (room left).

42. WATER SUPPLY
There should be an independent,
safe & portable water supply
distributed from taps.

43. EATING FACILITIES.
There should be separate room for
dining purposes. Only approved
vendors should be allowed.

44. LAVATORY
Privies &urinals should be provided.
1 urinal/ 60 students.
1 urinals/ 100 students.
Facilities should be separate for boys
& girls.

45. NUTRITIONAL SERVICES
Studies in India have reveled that
nutritional deficiency is prevalent
among school children.
1961-SHC recommended one
nourishing meal –1/3 of protein
& calorie requirement.

46. Implementation of ANP with the
assistance of UNICEF
Maintenance of school kitchen &
veg gardens.
Measures should be taken to combat
nutritional deficiencies.

47. FIRST AID & EMERGENCY CARE.
The first aid management for sick
children rests with the teachers & the
teachers could be trained during
teacher’s training programme.
First aid box should be made available.

48. MENTAL HEALTH
The teachers in the school have a
positive & preventive role in
fostering a positive mental health
among the learners.
Suitably modify learning
strategies, incentives.- rest,
relaxation

49. DENTAL HELTH.
School children usually suffer from
dental diseases & defects.
School health should incorporate
dental health components too.
Dental hygienist & dentist are to be
employed.

50. During the dental check up should focus
on prophylactic cleansing & dental
hygiene classes.

51. EYE HEALTH SERVICES.
Teachers are in key position to detect
reflective errors, refer for treatment of
squints,ambylopia & to detect eye
infections.
Vit A administration could be done.

52. HEALTH EDUCATION.
The health education is an important
component in the school health prog.
The H/E should aim at imparting
desirable changes among students.
H/E- focus on, personal
hygiene,environmental health.

53. EDUCATION OF HANDICAPPED
Every child irrespective of the
disability, should be encouraged to
become productive & self
supporting.

54. SCHOOL HEALTH RECORDS.
The schools should have cumulative
health records providing pertinent
information and serve as tools to
evaluate the school health services.

55. NATURE & SCOPE.
A good school health prog has larger
implications to the society in the
following sense.
It addresses the anti social problems-
stealing, lying,gambling,personality
disorders & educational difficulties.

56. Antisocial problems-
stealing,lying,gambling destructiveness
sexual offences
Habit disorders-nail biting,thumb
sucking & bed wetting.
Personality disorders-temper
tantrums,shyness,day dreaming,jealousy.
Educational difficulties-backward in
studies,school fear,school failure.

57. ROLE OF A NURSE.
ADMINISTRATOR
EDUCATIONIST
RESEARCHER
SERVICE PROVIDER

58. ADMINISTRATOR
Co-ordinate the SHP initiatives of
the state with school administration.
Organize school health progs at all
levels.
Serve as liaison between the
community & the school in
organizing & implementing SHP

59. Co-ordinate with the state in
mobilizing funds & grant in aids
Evolve relevant policy for
implementation of SHP.
Organize & conduct workshop,
conferences & meetings on SHP.
Co-ordinate & serve as liaison for the
NGO’s & voluntary agencies.

60. Incorporate the aspects & elements of
SHP in PHC
Organize school health camps,
involving community & mass media.
Design & disseminate health
education materials relevant to SHP.
Co-ordinate with allied sectors in
promoting & implementing school
health initiatives

61. Maintain epidemiological profile
of school going & school related
maters.
Serve as information providers to
the policy makers on school health
& its related aspects.

62. EDUCATIONIST
Design a curriculum for schools &
health science subjects incorporating SH
aspects.
Implement & monitor the
implementation of school curriculum in
the educational settings.

63. Organize Trg prog & educational
preparation for nurses to be placed in
schools & educational institutions.
Evaluate the school health
programme implementation.
Refer appropriate cases to referral
center

64. SERVICE PROVIDER
Conduct SHP in the area of
employment.
Co-ordinate with NGO/VHAI in
implementing SHP.
Supply & monitor articles,drugs &
equipments for SHP

65. Co-ordinate /implement the various
health prog of the community,
ICDS,SHP,Anemia Prevention
Prog,Mid Day Meal Prog,Vit A
prophy prog.
Periodically conduct SH surveys &
maintain health status of the children

66. RESEARCHER
Carry out R & disseminate the
finding.
Identify researchable area in SH.
Create data base in SH for
research.
Serve as school health nurse
scientist.

67. THANK YOU