it may help you

2. Conflict in school is a reality. It is a
natural part of social life that cannot
be eradicate from human
interactions. From constructive
approach, it can be factors of social
change and personal development.
Conflict may originate from a number
of sources such as task, values, and
goals.

3. 1. What are the sources of conflicts in
schools?
2. What are the phases of conflict?
3.What are the role of the administrators
in solving the conflicts?

4.  When leadership is present, teachers can
experience conflicts as normal part of
organizational life(Owens,1998)
› Militant teachers
› Teachers catalyst for change
 A conflict is not only functional for the
organization; it is essential to very existence
(Pondy, 1989) Changing administrators and
organization to be positive is tough, long
term requiring persistent action and
ongoing research (Tjosvold, 1997).

5.  Fishers (1997) notes that both individuals
and groups have undeniable needs for
identity, dignity, security, equity,
participations in decision that affect them.
Frustration of these basic needs become
source of social conflict
 Plunkett and Attner ( 1989 ) sources of
conflicts includes; shared resources,
differences in goals, values and
perceptions, disagreement in the role
requirements, nature of work activities, and
stage of individual development.

6.  Gray and Stark (1984) stated that
sources of conflict are; unclear authority
structures, limited sources,
interdependent activities, differentiation
of activities, communication problems,
differences in perceptions, and
environment of the organization.

7. 1. Discomfort. Easiest form of conflict. Individual feels
vaguely that something is wrong and appears
sporadically emotions and thoughts about it.
2. Incident. Unexpected conflicts but devastating. Short
exchange of acute words, gesture and actions.
3. Misunderstanding. Discrepancy between meaning
transmitted and meaning received.(unclear
communication)
4. Tension. Similar to discomfort but intense. Attitude
consistently and unequivocally accompanied by
fixed opinions.
5. Crisis. Obvious manifestation of conflict, verbal or
physical occurs. Behavior is beyond its reasonable
control

8.  Teacher - Student’s Conflicts
 Teacher – Teacher’s Conflicts
 Teacher – Administrator’s conflicts

10.  Proactive administrators spend energy in
efforts to build formal organization. Making
sure that the rules and regulation enable
rather than frustrate innovative action.
 Administrators can strive to get optimal
level of conflicts through conflicts
management techniques.
 Recognize approaches that prevent
conflicts and requires educational setting
both school and community response.

11.  Administrator must imply idea of more
peaceful society and teachers as part of its
planning.
 Assist individual to work together to avoid
conflict or dispute.
 Help people preserve
 Help the parties to make not only one
strong statement of position but also
assertions that are open to ongoing
discussion.
 Administrators present a powerful
opportunity to express and achieve a
higher vision of human life.

12. Schools are not only about teaching and learning.
Goals should be supported and enhanced by some others
and activities. In preparing individuals for role of Principals,
it is imperative to stress these goals and conflict and focus
for effective instruction and administration. In order to
achieve school goals, school leaders need to plan
effectively. The job of the principal is about enhancing the
skills and knowledge of people in the schools that includes
creating cluster of expectations around the
implementation of those skills and knowledge, holding
various components of schools together in productive
relationship with one another and holding individual
accountable for their contributions to the collective
outcomes

13. Sometimes, conflicts can begin outside the
school; from teachers, students, parents and
administrators that may lead to problems within the
building or they can start at school and reach a
climax in the community. The Administrators
,teachers and other social environment, legal and
institutional context and other factors may play an
important role in the conflict situations. They may
have an impact on the nature of conflicts and
possible methods of intervention and conflicts
resolution.

14.  1st
Campbell,R.F., Carbally, J. E., Nustrand, R.O., (1983 )
Introduction to Educational Administration.( 6th
Edition) . Boston:
Allyn and Bacon Inc/ p 187
 2nd
Gray, J. L., Strake, F. A., (1984 ) Organizational behavior –
Concepts and Application ( 3rd
Edition ).
 3rd
Plunkett, W. R., Attner, F. R (1989) Introduction in
Management. Boston: PWs Kent Publishing
 4th
Cornelius, H,. Faire, S. (1996) Everyone can win : how to
resolve conflicts. Australia: Simon& Schuster.
 5th
Van der Vlient. E. (1997) Complex Interpersonal Conflicts
Behavior: theoretical frontier. Hove Psychology Press.

15. THANK YOU!