it is the research on schizophrenia patients. how it spread and how the people can be save from this disease, one can get full knowledge about this by reading this.

1. SCHIZOPHRENIA
A word schizophrenia derived from two Greek words “Schizein”
meaning “To split” and “Phren” meaning “Mind”
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by
major disturbance in thoughts, emotion and behavior-disordered
thinking in which ideas are not logically related, faulty perception
and attention, flat or inappropriate effect and bizarre disturbance in
motor activity. Patients with schizophrenia withdraw from reality
live in a world of fantasy with life of delusion and hallucination.

2. Symptoms of schizophrenia:
• Positive Symptoms:
• Excess or distortion of normal
function.
• It include following:
• Delusion.
• Hallucination.
• Disorganized thinking and
speech.
• Negative symptoms:
• Loss of normal functioning.
• It includes following:
• Blunt effect.
• Alogia (poverty of speech)
• Anhedonia.
• Avoliation.
• A sociality.

3. Movement symptoms:
Catonia: inability in motor movements called
catatonic immobility.
Overlaping of
schizophrenia and OCD:
Obessive compulsive disorder and
schizophrenia symptoms coexist in a greater
proportion of patients than would be
expected by chance. The meta-analysis
revealing that 23% of patients with
schizophrenia also had OCD..

4. DSM-5 Criteria for schizophrenia:
• Two or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month:
• Delusion.
• Hallucination.
• Disorganized speech.
• Abnormal psychomotor behavior(e.g catatonia).
• Negative symptoms(blunted affect, avoliation, asociality)

5. Etiology of schizophrenia:
• Genetic factors.
• Role of Neurotransmitter.
• Brain structure and function.
• Environmental factors.
• Psychological factors.
• Developmental factors.

6. Genetic
factor:
•Role of Neurotransmitter:
• Dopamine theory.
• Other neurotransmitter.
•Brain structure and
function:
• Enlarged ventricle.
• Prefrontal cortex.
• Temporal cortex (hippocampus)
1- Behavior genetic
research:
. Family studies.
. Twin studies.
. Adoption studies.
2- Molecular genetic
research.

7. Psychological factors:
• Socio-economic status.
• Family related factors.
•Developmental factors:
• Retrospective studies.
• Prospective studies.

8. Treatment of schizophrenia:
• Medications.
• Psychological treatment.
• Social skills training.
• Family therapies.
• Cognitive therapy.
• Cognitive remediation therapy.
•Psycho-education.
•Residential Treatment.

9. Thankyou
•Credits:
•Group 1:
• Roll -1 Pakeeza Ishtiaq
• Roll-2 Ayesha Najam
• Roll-6 Atthara Shahid
• Roll-43 Sadaf Khan
• Roll -50 Haider Abbas