Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
The document summarizes three case studies of landscape design projects:
1) Miller Garden by Dan Kiley, a modernist residential garden from the 1950s with geometric layout and prominent honey locust allee.
2) Diana Memorial Fountain by Kathryn Gustafson, a memorial in London featuring an oval granite stream bed that allows visitors to access the water.
3) Fengming Mountain Park by Martha Schwartz Partners, a demonstration park in China with a zigzag path descending through sculptural pavilions and water features meant to evoke the surrounding landscape.
The National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. It has 16 campuses across India and provides 4-year undergraduate and 2-year postgraduate programs related to fashion design, management, and technology. The NIFT campus in Delhi was designed by architect BV Doshi to represent a traditional Indian town square, with elements like a central step well and enclosed bazaars. The campus layout zones academic, administrative, and hostel blocks around a sunken courtyard and open-air amphitheater. Traditional materials like stone and glass were used in the structures.
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.Janmejoy Gupta
The document discusses passive solar design considerations for mud huts in Jharkhand, India. It examines how climate impacts rural building design with a focus on the composite climate of the region. Key factors discussed include site selection, orientation, shading calculations, housing forms, window size and placement, indoor temperature balance, and settlement patterns. Climate data from Ranchi and Jamshedpur districts is analyzed to determine optimal design strategies like orientation and shading devices that minimize heat gain in summer and maximize it in winter for thermal comfort.
The document summarizes the landscaping characteristics of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus. Some key points:
- The campus uses sustainable landscaping concepts focusing on trees that purify air and create a healthy environment rather than just aesthetics. Softscape like lawns, hedges and trees covers 65% of the area.
- Ashoka trees line the approach road and pathways. A water fountain is located at the entrance. Various trees like Sterculia Alatia provide shade across campus.
- Central courtyards within buildings are used for seating. One courtyard could utilize space better by moving the cafeteria within it and adding lighting.
- The landscape focuses on central circulation paths
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
This document discusses the design philosophies and works of architect Ar. Jaisim. It provides details on some of his key projects including residential homes, offices, restaurants, academic institutions and more. For each project, it highlights Jaisim's use of local materials, attention to climate and natural light, incorporation of vaulted ceilings and open floor plans connected to nature. Some of his signature design elements included the use of stone, jali screens, clerestory windows and skylights.
The document discusses design strategies for buildings in hot, dry climates. Key strategies include building orientation along an east-west axis for optimal sun exposure, minimizing exterior surface areas, and employing shading techniques like overhangs, fins, and trees to reduce solar heat gain. Interior features like courtyards and wind towers can also promote ventilation to control temperatures. Landscaping with native, drought-resistant plants and water features helps modify the microclimate.
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
The document summarizes three case studies of landscape design projects:
1) Miller Garden by Dan Kiley, a modernist residential garden from the 1950s with geometric layout and prominent honey locust allee.
2) Diana Memorial Fountain by Kathryn Gustafson, a memorial in London featuring an oval granite stream bed that allows visitors to access the water.
3) Fengming Mountain Park by Martha Schwartz Partners, a demonstration park in China with a zigzag path descending through sculptural pavilions and water features meant to evoke the surrounding landscape.
The National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. It has 16 campuses across India and provides 4-year undergraduate and 2-year postgraduate programs related to fashion design, management, and technology. The NIFT campus in Delhi was designed by architect BV Doshi to represent a traditional Indian town square, with elements like a central step well and enclosed bazaars. The campus layout zones academic, administrative, and hostel blocks around a sunken courtyard and open-air amphitheater. Traditional materials like stone and glass were used in the structures.
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.Janmejoy Gupta
The document discusses passive solar design considerations for mud huts in Jharkhand, India. It examines how climate impacts rural building design with a focus on the composite climate of the region. Key factors discussed include site selection, orientation, shading calculations, housing forms, window size and placement, indoor temperature balance, and settlement patterns. Climate data from Ranchi and Jamshedpur districts is analyzed to determine optimal design strategies like orientation and shading devices that minimize heat gain in summer and maximize it in winter for thermal comfort.
The document summarizes the landscaping characteristics of the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi campus. Some key points:
- The campus uses sustainable landscaping concepts focusing on trees that purify air and create a healthy environment rather than just aesthetics. Softscape like lawns, hedges and trees covers 65% of the area.
- Ashoka trees line the approach road and pathways. A water fountain is located at the entrance. Various trees like Sterculia Alatia provide shade across campus.
- Central courtyards within buildings are used for seating. One courtyard could utilize space better by moving the cafeteria within it and adding lighting.
- The landscape focuses on central circulation paths
Auroville, City of dawn is located in state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. .Auroville was founded as a project on experimental basis of the ‘Sri Arbindo Society’ on Wednesday 28 February 1968. The basic idea originated from Mirra Alfassa ‘The Mother ‘who was spiritually related to India.
Ma envisaged Auroville as an international township for 50,000 residents on the shape of a flower. Architect Roger Anger refined the planning and designed it in shape of Universe.He placed Matrimandir at the center of this city.
Mary Alfassa in her first message regarding the town stated that, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of al countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities”
.
This document discusses the design philosophies and works of architect Ar. Jaisim. It provides details on some of his key projects including residential homes, offices, restaurants, academic institutions and more. For each project, it highlights Jaisim's use of local materials, attention to climate and natural light, incorporation of vaulted ceilings and open floor plans connected to nature. Some of his signature design elements included the use of stone, jali screens, clerestory windows and skylights.
The document discusses design strategies for buildings in hot, dry climates. Key strategies include building orientation along an east-west axis for optimal sun exposure, minimizing exterior surface areas, and employing shading techniques like overhangs, fins, and trees to reduce solar heat gain. Interior features like courtyards and wind towers can also promote ventilation to control temperatures. Landscaping with native, drought-resistant plants and water features helps modify the microclimate.
The document describes two buildings that utilize solar passive design strategies appropriate for their climates. The Punjab Energy Development Agency building in Chandigarh, India experiences wide temperature swings so it is designed with features like floating slabs, cavity walls, light vaults, and water bodies to control solar heat gain and naturally ventilate air. The Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank in Shimla, India experiences good winter sunshine. Its design includes sunspaces, a solar wall, and roof collectors to harvest solar heat and a duct system to distribute warm air without mechanical heating. Both buildings demonstrate energy-efficient and climate-responsive architectural design.
School Of Architecture And Planning vijayawada , Case study sheets and Liter...UdayGotetiStudios
School Of Architecture And Planning vijayawada , Case study sheets and Literature .
Presentation made by vaishnavi school of architecture and planning 3 year 5th sem students as a design project .
Execution and presentation by UDAY GOTETI
THANK YOU
UGS
Geoffrey Bawa was a Sri Lankan architect known as the father of tropical modernism. He studied in England but returned to Sri Lanka in 1949 where he transformed his rubber plantation home Lunuganga into a series of outdoor rooms and gardens connected by pathways. This inspired him to become an architect. Some of his most notable works included Lunuganga with its Italian-inspired gardens, the sprawling Ruhunu University campus composed of simple pavilions connected by covered walkways, and his adaptive reuse of row houses in Colombo into his residence featuring courtyards and gardens. Bawa's designs were influenced by local styles but brought in modernist ideas. He is renowned for his sensitivity to site and
Nisha's Play School is located in Goa on an 800 sq mt plot. The main building of 400 sq mt was built in 1997 with a cost of 16 lakhs. Concerns about natural light, breeze, and space usage determined the form of the building. Key features include a circular staircase, classrooms tailored for different age groups, and building elements used as teaching aids. The school also has a library, music room, clinic, computer room, playground, and dining area.
The document provides a case study of the Faculty of Fine Arts at Jamia Millia Islamia university in New Delhi, India. It describes the various departments within the faculty including painting, sculpture, applied arts, art education, graphic arts, and art history. It provides floor plans and descriptions of the classrooms, studios, workshops, and other facilities. Some merits noted are natural lighting, display areas, and services like fire extinguishers. Some demerits include lack of provisions for handicapped access and lack of sinks in some areas. In summary, the document analyzes and describes the facilities and layout of the Faculty of Fine Arts at Jamia Millia Islamia university.
CII- SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTER CASE STUDY PPT vk78512
The CII-Godrej Green Business Center in Hyderabad is India's first platinum-rated green building according to the US Green Building Council. It serves as the center of excellence for CII's energy efficiency, green building, renewable energy and sustainability activities. The building achieved an 88% reduction in lighting energy usage compared to a conventional building and a 35% reduction in municipal water usage through efficient fixtures. 95% of materials were locally sourced and 77% contained recycled content. The building's design incorporates elements like a central courtyard, roof garden, natural lighting and ventilation to minimize energy and water usage.
This document provides a case study and analysis of the architectural design of the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) campus located in Hyderabad, India. The campus was designed by architect Ar. Sanjay Mohe on an 8 acre site. Key aspects of the design include an entrance through an amphitheater leading to a double height lobby, a plan organized around a central courtyard, classrooms located to the north protected from sunlight by blank walls to the south, and interactive spaces woven throughout the campus. The design aims to respond to Hyderabad's hot, dry climate through concepts like wind flow, shaded areas, and insulation.
Teri, bangalore & solar passive techniques(rupesh)Rupesh Chaurasia
The document summarizes the green building features of TERI's campus in Bangalore. The campus utilizes passive design principles to maximize natural lighting, ventilation and minimize energy usage. Key features include an optimized building orientation, ample fenestrations for cross ventilation, skylights, green roofs, solar panels, rainwater harvesting and use of local sustainable materials. Passive design strategies like earth air tunnels help regulate indoor temperature passively.
The document describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan building project in New Delhi, which aims to be a net zero energy green building. Some key points:
- The building has a 930kWp solar PV system, the largest rooftop system on a multi-story building in India, which meets the building's total energy demand.
- Energy efficiency measures like chilled beams, geothermal heat exchange via 180 deep boreholes, and high performance glass optimize energy performance and reduce cooling loads.
- Sustainable materials like fly ash concrete, AAC blocks, and jute-bamboo composites are used to reduce embodied energy.
- Water conservation strategies like rainwater harvesting and
BRICK school of architecture, case studyNavyaTessSabu
The BRICK School of Architecture in Pune, India was designed by architect Girish Doshi to foster interaction and inspiration among students. The 9-acre campus features a symmetrical plan around a central courtyard, drawing from South Indian temple and traditional Maratha architectural designs. Studios, classrooms, and workshops are arranged around courtyards and connected by bridges to promote cross-ventilation and connectivity between indoor and outdoor spaces. The use of exposed brickwork, courtyards, and skylights aims to integrate nature into the campus and provide a collaborative learning environment.
IIM Bangalore is located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is situated on a 100-acre campus in a hilly area to the south of Bangalore. The campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi to reflect the design of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of corridors, courtyards, and external spaces. The design uses local materials like exposed concrete and granite, and incorporates green spaces like courtyards to promote academic exchange beyond classrooms. It achieves natural illumination through skylights while controlling sunlight and heat through pergolas and roofs.
Case study climatology (india habitat centre & peda)Chandan kumar
This document provides case studies of two buildings in India that were designed with climate considerations in mind.
The first case study is of the India Habitat Centre in Delhi, designed by architect Joseph Stein. It acts as a cultural hub and Stein designed it to promote sustainable design. It provides various facilities like offices, libraries, galleries, and event spaces. Its design incorporates features to address Delhi's composite climate like maximizing daylight and natural ventilation.
The second case study is the Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) office complex in Chandigarh, designed by Arvind Krishan and Kunal Jain. It is a solar passive building that uses strategies like orientation, an insulated envelope, light shelves,
The document summarizes the Hall of Nations building in New Delhi, designed by architect Raj Rewal and completed in 1972 to mark India's 25th anniversary of independence. It was the world's first and largest space frame structure, using a tessellating triangular concrete structure. Rewal designed it to reflect India's intermediate technology capabilities at the time using local materials and labor. The building linked four exhibition halls with ramps and was inspired by traditional Indian geometric designs like jails and the tomb of Emperor Humayun. The concrete space frame provided a vast clear span and served as a sun breaker like traditional jali screens. Unfortunately, the iconic structure was demolished in 2022.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Design campus in Ahmedabad, India. It was established in 1961 and covers 63,848 square meters. The campus is divided into institutional and residential zones, with the main academic block facing the Sabarmati River. Notable features include courtyards that provide light and segregate functions, a grid structural plan, and extensive landscaping including lawns and an amphitheater. Construction utilized precast concrete and reinforced brick with an emphasis on natural lighting, ventilation, and interaction with the outdoors.
The document discusses strategies for architecture in hot and dry climates. It defines hot and dry climates as having average monthly temperatures over 30°C and relative humidity under 55%. Key strategies mentioned include compact building forms, minimizing sun exposure through orientation and shading, maximizing ventilation, using heat-storing wall materials, and incorporating courtyards to provide cross ventilation and natural cooling.
Kala Academy is located in Panaji, Goa along the Mandovi River. Designed by architect Charles Correa, it is the primary venue for promoting art and culture in Goa. The campus contains multiple performance spaces like an auditorium, amphitheater, and black box theater. It also has facilities for art galleries, classrooms, meeting rooms, and a library. The layout divides public, administrative, and academic zones across three levels for separation of different user groups. Outdoor and indoor spaces are well integrated through landscaping and building design.
This document contains summaries of several case studies:
1) The India International Centre in Delhi uses traditional jaali screens and cross ventilation to keep interiors cool without mechanical cooling. Water bodies and landscaping also provide evaporative cooling.
2) The India Habitat Centre in Delhi is organized around climate-tempered courtyards shaded by overhead sunscreens and vertical gardens. Buildings are connected by bridges at upper levels.
3) The Disha school in Jaipur prioritizes accessibility with ramps and corridors. A central atrium provides views of activity spaces, while a garden provides a sound barrier.
This document summarizes the Sangath Architect's Studio in Ahmedabad, India, designed by architect B.V. Doshi. Key points:
- The complex consists of vaulted and flat-roofed buildings of different heights built in 1979-1981 with local materials. It successfully combines passive climate control with architectural expression.
- Design features include a vaulted roof construction that provides insulation and a roof form that optimizes space. Subterranean spaces and thick storage walls provide natural insulation.
- Passive design techniques include minimizing solar radiation, maximizing wind flow, utilizing the stack effect and natural ventilation, and incorporating indirect daylighting. Water harvesting is also implemented.
TRENDS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Digital Technologies can play a crucial role in making Metro Rizal's waste management systems more circular and sustainable
The document describes two buildings that utilize solar passive design strategies appropriate for their climates. The Punjab Energy Development Agency building in Chandigarh, India experiences wide temperature swings so it is designed with features like floating slabs, cavity walls, light vaults, and water bodies to control solar heat gain and naturally ventilate air. The Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank in Shimla, India experiences good winter sunshine. Its design includes sunspaces, a solar wall, and roof collectors to harvest solar heat and a duct system to distribute warm air without mechanical heating. Both buildings demonstrate energy-efficient and climate-responsive architectural design.
School Of Architecture And Planning vijayawada , Case study sheets and Liter...UdayGotetiStudios
School Of Architecture And Planning vijayawada , Case study sheets and Literature .
Presentation made by vaishnavi school of architecture and planning 3 year 5th sem students as a design project .
Execution and presentation by UDAY GOTETI
THANK YOU
UGS
Geoffrey Bawa was a Sri Lankan architect known as the father of tropical modernism. He studied in England but returned to Sri Lanka in 1949 where he transformed his rubber plantation home Lunuganga into a series of outdoor rooms and gardens connected by pathways. This inspired him to become an architect. Some of his most notable works included Lunuganga with its Italian-inspired gardens, the sprawling Ruhunu University campus composed of simple pavilions connected by covered walkways, and his adaptive reuse of row houses in Colombo into his residence featuring courtyards and gardens. Bawa's designs were influenced by local styles but brought in modernist ideas. He is renowned for his sensitivity to site and
Nisha's Play School is located in Goa on an 800 sq mt plot. The main building of 400 sq mt was built in 1997 with a cost of 16 lakhs. Concerns about natural light, breeze, and space usage determined the form of the building. Key features include a circular staircase, classrooms tailored for different age groups, and building elements used as teaching aids. The school also has a library, music room, clinic, computer room, playground, and dining area.
The document provides a case study of the Faculty of Fine Arts at Jamia Millia Islamia university in New Delhi, India. It describes the various departments within the faculty including painting, sculpture, applied arts, art education, graphic arts, and art history. It provides floor plans and descriptions of the classrooms, studios, workshops, and other facilities. Some merits noted are natural lighting, display areas, and services like fire extinguishers. Some demerits include lack of provisions for handicapped access and lack of sinks in some areas. In summary, the document analyzes and describes the facilities and layout of the Faculty of Fine Arts at Jamia Millia Islamia university.
CII- SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTER CASE STUDY PPT vk78512
The CII-Godrej Green Business Center in Hyderabad is India's first platinum-rated green building according to the US Green Building Council. It serves as the center of excellence for CII's energy efficiency, green building, renewable energy and sustainability activities. The building achieved an 88% reduction in lighting energy usage compared to a conventional building and a 35% reduction in municipal water usage through efficient fixtures. 95% of materials were locally sourced and 77% contained recycled content. The building's design incorporates elements like a central courtyard, roof garden, natural lighting and ventilation to minimize energy and water usage.
This document provides a case study and analysis of the architectural design of the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) campus located in Hyderabad, India. The campus was designed by architect Ar. Sanjay Mohe on an 8 acre site. Key aspects of the design include an entrance through an amphitheater leading to a double height lobby, a plan organized around a central courtyard, classrooms located to the north protected from sunlight by blank walls to the south, and interactive spaces woven throughout the campus. The design aims to respond to Hyderabad's hot, dry climate through concepts like wind flow, shaded areas, and insulation.
Teri, bangalore & solar passive techniques(rupesh)Rupesh Chaurasia
The document summarizes the green building features of TERI's campus in Bangalore. The campus utilizes passive design principles to maximize natural lighting, ventilation and minimize energy usage. Key features include an optimized building orientation, ample fenestrations for cross ventilation, skylights, green roofs, solar panels, rainwater harvesting and use of local sustainable materials. Passive design strategies like earth air tunnels help regulate indoor temperature passively.
The document describes the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan building project in New Delhi, which aims to be a net zero energy green building. Some key points:
- The building has a 930kWp solar PV system, the largest rooftop system on a multi-story building in India, which meets the building's total energy demand.
- Energy efficiency measures like chilled beams, geothermal heat exchange via 180 deep boreholes, and high performance glass optimize energy performance and reduce cooling loads.
- Sustainable materials like fly ash concrete, AAC blocks, and jute-bamboo composites are used to reduce embodied energy.
- Water conservation strategies like rainwater harvesting and
BRICK school of architecture, case studyNavyaTessSabu
The BRICK School of Architecture in Pune, India was designed by architect Girish Doshi to foster interaction and inspiration among students. The 9-acre campus features a symmetrical plan around a central courtyard, drawing from South Indian temple and traditional Maratha architectural designs. Studios, classrooms, and workshops are arranged around courtyards and connected by bridges to promote cross-ventilation and connectivity between indoor and outdoor spaces. The use of exposed brickwork, courtyards, and skylights aims to integrate nature into the campus and provide a collaborative learning environment.
IIM Bangalore is located in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is situated on a 100-acre campus in a hilly area to the south of Bangalore. The campus was designed by architect B.V. Doshi to reflect the design of Fatehpur Sikri, with a network of corridors, courtyards, and external spaces. The design uses local materials like exposed concrete and granite, and incorporates green spaces like courtyards to promote academic exchange beyond classrooms. It achieves natural illumination through skylights while controlling sunlight and heat through pergolas and roofs.
Case study climatology (india habitat centre & peda)Chandan kumar
This document provides case studies of two buildings in India that were designed with climate considerations in mind.
The first case study is of the India Habitat Centre in Delhi, designed by architect Joseph Stein. It acts as a cultural hub and Stein designed it to promote sustainable design. It provides various facilities like offices, libraries, galleries, and event spaces. Its design incorporates features to address Delhi's composite climate like maximizing daylight and natural ventilation.
The second case study is the Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) office complex in Chandigarh, designed by Arvind Krishan and Kunal Jain. It is a solar passive building that uses strategies like orientation, an insulated envelope, light shelves,
The document summarizes the Hall of Nations building in New Delhi, designed by architect Raj Rewal and completed in 1972 to mark India's 25th anniversary of independence. It was the world's first and largest space frame structure, using a tessellating triangular concrete structure. Rewal designed it to reflect India's intermediate technology capabilities at the time using local materials and labor. The building linked four exhibition halls with ramps and was inspired by traditional Indian geometric designs like jails and the tomb of Emperor Humayun. The concrete space frame provided a vast clear span and served as a sun breaker like traditional jali screens. Unfortunately, the iconic structure was demolished in 2022.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Design campus in Ahmedabad, India. It was established in 1961 and covers 63,848 square meters. The campus is divided into institutional and residential zones, with the main academic block facing the Sabarmati River. Notable features include courtyards that provide light and segregate functions, a grid structural plan, and extensive landscaping including lawns and an amphitheater. Construction utilized precast concrete and reinforced brick with an emphasis on natural lighting, ventilation, and interaction with the outdoors.
The document discusses strategies for architecture in hot and dry climates. It defines hot and dry climates as having average monthly temperatures over 30°C and relative humidity under 55%. Key strategies mentioned include compact building forms, minimizing sun exposure through orientation and shading, maximizing ventilation, using heat-storing wall materials, and incorporating courtyards to provide cross ventilation and natural cooling.
Kala Academy is located in Panaji, Goa along the Mandovi River. Designed by architect Charles Correa, it is the primary venue for promoting art and culture in Goa. The campus contains multiple performance spaces like an auditorium, amphitheater, and black box theater. It also has facilities for art galleries, classrooms, meeting rooms, and a library. The layout divides public, administrative, and academic zones across three levels for separation of different user groups. Outdoor and indoor spaces are well integrated through landscaping and building design.
This document contains summaries of several case studies:
1) The India International Centre in Delhi uses traditional jaali screens and cross ventilation to keep interiors cool without mechanical cooling. Water bodies and landscaping also provide evaporative cooling.
2) The India Habitat Centre in Delhi is organized around climate-tempered courtyards shaded by overhead sunscreens and vertical gardens. Buildings are connected by bridges at upper levels.
3) The Disha school in Jaipur prioritizes accessibility with ramps and corridors. A central atrium provides views of activity spaces, while a garden provides a sound barrier.
This document summarizes the Sangath Architect's Studio in Ahmedabad, India, designed by architect B.V. Doshi. Key points:
- The complex consists of vaulted and flat-roofed buildings of different heights built in 1979-1981 with local materials. It successfully combines passive climate control with architectural expression.
- Design features include a vaulted roof construction that provides insulation and a roof form that optimizes space. Subterranean spaces and thick storage walls provide natural insulation.
- Passive design techniques include minimizing solar radiation, maximizing wind flow, utilizing the stack effect and natural ventilation, and incorporating indirect daylighting. Water harvesting is also implemented.
TRENDS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Digital Technologies can play a crucial role in making Metro Rizal's waste management systems more circular and sustainable