The present work shows the importance of using thermal insulation for new building walls. To decrease cooling and heating load, so the electric power consumption for air-conditioning equipment drop to more than 50% of that without insulation. The experimental work includes building of two models of (1X1X1) m width, length and height located at (32.5 latitude) kut city, Iraq. The model is set to be each wall faced south, east, north and west direction exactly. The models built from brick (24cm), thermo-stone (20cm) and sandwich panel (5cm). Another type of insulation material were tested and compared with normal brick wall is styropor. The heat gain was calculated for all the above insulations compared with brick model. The results showed that the best model in energy saving is the sandwich panel model with about 70% energy save, while the thermo-stone model gives 33% and outside styropor 54.28%.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimum insulation thickness for building envelope a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Through this paper an important issue that what should be the level of insulation for energy conservation in conditioned building envelope is being address. It is well established from the earlier studies of heat transfer across the composite walls that as insulation thickness increases the corresponding resistance to heat flow increases so the rate of heat transfer decreases. The corresponding cost of maintain temperature through artificial means decreases but this is achieve at the cost of insulation which also increases as its thickness increases. The thickness of insulation where total cost of heating/ cooling and insulation cost over the life time becomes minimum is known as optimum insulation thickness. Answer to this question of thermal insulation level in the building envelope components like external wall or roof from economy point of view is being reviewed. Different angles of research in this field being discuss like methods of analyzing annual heating/ cooling loads, insulation material point of view, effect of climate, effect of energy source on optimum insulation thickness. Further different methods used for determination of optimum insulation thickness being reviewed. The effect of solar radiation on optimum insulation thickness is an area which needs further research in Indian context. There is a great need of not only insulating building envelope components like external wall or roof but from economical point of view there is a need to optimize insulation thickness. Further there is need to analyze two insulation materials in combination for maximizing savings. KeyWords- Optimum insulation thickness, Heating/cooling degree day, life cycle cost analysis, insulation material, external wall.
The Effects of Tempered Glass with Low Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Content on the Effi...IJERD Editor
In this study, the effect of glass cover on the energy and exergy efficiencies of conventional type solar air heater was investigated experimentally. Classic and tempered low iron glass were used as a glass cover. Two of collectors whose dimensions are 900x1900x170mm3 were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted at the air flow rates of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 kg/s. Energy and exergy efficiencies were evaluated regarding to experimental results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that energy efficiency of the collector equipped with tempered glass with low iron oxide content increases by an amount of 4.5%-5.3%. In case of exergy efficiency, an increase was also observed between 0.4 and 0.82 percent
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimum insulation thickness for building envelope a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Through this paper an important issue that what should be the level of insulation for energy conservation in conditioned building envelope is being address. It is well established from the earlier studies of heat transfer across the composite walls that as insulation thickness increases the corresponding resistance to heat flow increases so the rate of heat transfer decreases. The corresponding cost of maintain temperature through artificial means decreases but this is achieve at the cost of insulation which also increases as its thickness increases. The thickness of insulation where total cost of heating/ cooling and insulation cost over the life time becomes minimum is known as optimum insulation thickness. Answer to this question of thermal insulation level in the building envelope components like external wall or roof from economy point of view is being reviewed. Different angles of research in this field being discuss like methods of analyzing annual heating/ cooling loads, insulation material point of view, effect of climate, effect of energy source on optimum insulation thickness. Further different methods used for determination of optimum insulation thickness being reviewed. The effect of solar radiation on optimum insulation thickness is an area which needs further research in Indian context. There is a great need of not only insulating building envelope components like external wall or roof but from economical point of view there is a need to optimize insulation thickness. Further there is need to analyze two insulation materials in combination for maximizing savings. KeyWords- Optimum insulation thickness, Heating/cooling degree day, life cycle cost analysis, insulation material, external wall.
The Effects of Tempered Glass with Low Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Content on the Effi...IJERD Editor
In this study, the effect of glass cover on the energy and exergy efficiencies of conventional type solar air heater was investigated experimentally. Classic and tempered low iron glass were used as a glass cover. Two of collectors whose dimensions are 900x1900x170mm3 were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted at the air flow rates of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 kg/s. Energy and exergy efficiencies were evaluated regarding to experimental results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that energy efficiency of the collector equipped with tempered glass with low iron oxide content increases by an amount of 4.5%-5.3%. In case of exergy efficiency, an increase was also observed between 0.4 and 0.82 percent
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) drying is novel, non-thermal drying technique which has significant advantages over conventional drying techniques in terms of energy consumption and food product quality.
EXPERMENTATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS OF CHIMNEY OPERATED SOLAR POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
Now a days because of high amount environmental pollution, energy production based on nonconventional energy sources is on top priority. Solar energy is the most import energy source which is available in abundant but not explored much. Among the various solar technology available, solar chimney is one of the novel technology which is simple technology with very few number of parts. This paper presents an experimental investigation of a small scale model of solar chimney power plant in central India. Solar chimney power plant consist of three parts which are chimney, collector and generator. The input parameters considered in this work are chimney height, chimney diameter, collector diameter, inlet and out air flow height from collector. The density variation, air velocity, temperature distribution and mass flow rate are considered as output parameters for the analysis of flow in solar chimney. The maximum value of mass flow rate recorded inside the chimney was 16.o4kg/s. It is determined that there is much variation of temperature and mass flow rate as compared to density of air inside the solar chimney.
The field of thermoelectrics has been growing steadily due to its ability to convert heat directly into electricity and to develop cost
effective, pollution free forms of energy conversion, aiming at efficiencies as high as possible. Low-dimensional structures have proved to be promising candidates for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors. Here, we discuss the idea of implementation of dense arrays of armchair graphene nanoribbons in microfabricated structures to develop planar unileg thermoelectric microgenerators to convert heat fl ow into electrical energy. This paper is a discussion on energy scavenging to provide power autonomy to devices on a human body i.e., thermoelectric conversion of human heat and thereby summarizes the advantages of this material for commercial use because of its extra ordinary thermo electric performance.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Smart PhoneIJERA Editor
Smart phones are posed with heat transfer problems due to the space and weight limitation and also due to ever increasing processer speed. In this work, heat transfer in a Xiaomi Mi4i smart phone model has been studied using CFD. Studies at various operating conditions like (i) Basic operation, (ii) Usage of all applications, and (iii) Usage of internet have been considered. Certain hot spots have been identified and solutions to reduce temperature have proposed. Also, a scaled up model of the smart phone has been set up to measure the temperature distribution. It has been found that using copper and aluminium heat spreaders with sufficiently sized and numbered heat taps contributes to reduction in temperatures and thereby would be useful in using the mobile phone with lesser discomfort and yield longer life for the electronic components.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Collectors innovation to increase performance solar water heatereSAT Journals
Abstract There have been many studies to improve the performance of the solar water heater. The long term goal of research is to obtain scientific information, teaching materials and as the foundation of scientific development of energy conversion. The specific objective of this study is to find or develop new models and models that can improve the efficiency of the solar water heater. Research methods; research conducted using the experimental method, which is to test the amount of cover glass, flow rate and preheat a working fluid that can improve the efficiency of solar water heater. Research output: 1) The efficiency of the best solar water heater is the sum of three layers of glass cover compared to the cover glass number two layers and one layer, 2) The greater the water flow rate, the efficiency of the solar water heater increases, 3) initial heating on water entry, exit and cause the water temperature absorber plate temperature is relatively the same, so the efficiency of the solar water heater close to zero. Keywords: number of glass cover, flow rate, initial heating, solar water heater
Solar thermal control of building integrated phase change materials an experi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the present paper, we study experimentally the thermal behavior of phase change material (PCM) for thermal control of indoor
applications. The experimental setup consists of two full scale identical concrete cavities, situated in Faculty of Sciences Aïn
Chock in Casablanca- Morocco (33°36'N, 07°36'W). The first cavity incorporates paraffinic phase change material with melting
temperature of 22 °C and second cavity is built with alveolar bricks. The test cells are equipped by set of thermocouples and heat
flux meters connected to data logger. Thermal analysis for the two cubicles was conducted. The results show that inner
temperature swings decreases remarkably in the cavity with PCM with temperature minima 3 °C upper to the case without PCM.
On the other hand, there is time shift between PCM cavity and the reference cavity temperature oscillations. The integration of the
phase change material on the roof of the building reduces the temperature of internal walls as it has good thermal inertia. When
PCM panel covered the roof, solar heat transmission is reduced. This significantly reduces the ambient temperature of the cell.
This demonstrates the ability of PCM to increase the thermal comfort of buildings.
Keywords: PCM, Thermal Comfort, Building, Passive Solar Heating, Heat Storage. Melting, Solidification
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A theoretical analysis on the performance of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator (TEG) is presented in this paper. The effect of different performance parameters such as output voltage, output current, output power, maximum power output, open circuit voltage, Seebeck co-efficient, electrical resistance, thermal conductance, figure of merit, efficiency, heat absorbed and heat removed based on maximum conversion and power efficiency have been analyzed by varying the hot side temperature up to 350oC and by varying the cold side temperature from 30oC to 150oC. The results showed that a maximum power output of 21.7 W has been obtained with the use of one hybrid thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of 320oC between the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric generator at matched load resistance. The figure of merit was found to be around 1.28 which makes its usage possible in the intermediate temperature (250oC to 350oC) applications such as heating of Biomass waste, heat from Biomass cook stoves or waste heat recovery etc. It is also observed that the hybrid thermoelectric generator offers superior performance over 250oC of the hot side temperature, compared to standard Bi2Te3 modules.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
HEAT ABSORPTION IN FLUID USING INDUCTION HEATING TECHNOLOGYelelijjournal
Induction heating (IH) is a technique of heating electrically conducting materials by the application of electromagnetic induction.The heat generated in the object using eddy current itself in the object , instead of by an external heat source via heat conduction. This technique obeys contactless heating. Using this technique objects can be heated very rapidly. Ferromagnetic material and its alloys like iron, stainless steel responds best to induction heating. This technique has good efficiency up to 94%. This technique is in practice at industries for annealing, brazing, welding, melting of metals. Due to the large evolution in technology this technique became much popular food processing at day to day life.
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) drying is novel, non-thermal drying technique which has significant advantages over conventional drying techniques in terms of energy consumption and food product quality.
EXPERMENTATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS OF CHIMNEY OPERATED SOLAR POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
Now a days because of high amount environmental pollution, energy production based on nonconventional energy sources is on top priority. Solar energy is the most import energy source which is available in abundant but not explored much. Among the various solar technology available, solar chimney is one of the novel technology which is simple technology with very few number of parts. This paper presents an experimental investigation of a small scale model of solar chimney power plant in central India. Solar chimney power plant consist of three parts which are chimney, collector and generator. The input parameters considered in this work are chimney height, chimney diameter, collector diameter, inlet and out air flow height from collector. The density variation, air velocity, temperature distribution and mass flow rate are considered as output parameters for the analysis of flow in solar chimney. The maximum value of mass flow rate recorded inside the chimney was 16.o4kg/s. It is determined that there is much variation of temperature and mass flow rate as compared to density of air inside the solar chimney.
The field of thermoelectrics has been growing steadily due to its ability to convert heat directly into electricity and to develop cost
effective, pollution free forms of energy conversion, aiming at efficiencies as high as possible. Low-dimensional structures have proved to be promising candidates for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors. Here, we discuss the idea of implementation of dense arrays of armchair graphene nanoribbons in microfabricated structures to develop planar unileg thermoelectric microgenerators to convert heat fl ow into electrical energy. This paper is a discussion on energy scavenging to provide power autonomy to devices on a human body i.e., thermoelectric conversion of human heat and thereby summarizes the advantages of this material for commercial use because of its extra ordinary thermo electric performance.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Smart PhoneIJERA Editor
Smart phones are posed with heat transfer problems due to the space and weight limitation and also due to ever increasing processer speed. In this work, heat transfer in a Xiaomi Mi4i smart phone model has been studied using CFD. Studies at various operating conditions like (i) Basic operation, (ii) Usage of all applications, and (iii) Usage of internet have been considered. Certain hot spots have been identified and solutions to reduce temperature have proposed. Also, a scaled up model of the smart phone has been set up to measure the temperature distribution. It has been found that using copper and aluminium heat spreaders with sufficiently sized and numbered heat taps contributes to reduction in temperatures and thereby would be useful in using the mobile phone with lesser discomfort and yield longer life for the electronic components.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Collectors innovation to increase performance solar water heatereSAT Journals
Abstract There have been many studies to improve the performance of the solar water heater. The long term goal of research is to obtain scientific information, teaching materials and as the foundation of scientific development of energy conversion. The specific objective of this study is to find or develop new models and models that can improve the efficiency of the solar water heater. Research methods; research conducted using the experimental method, which is to test the amount of cover glass, flow rate and preheat a working fluid that can improve the efficiency of solar water heater. Research output: 1) The efficiency of the best solar water heater is the sum of three layers of glass cover compared to the cover glass number two layers and one layer, 2) The greater the water flow rate, the efficiency of the solar water heater increases, 3) initial heating on water entry, exit and cause the water temperature absorber plate temperature is relatively the same, so the efficiency of the solar water heater close to zero. Keywords: number of glass cover, flow rate, initial heating, solar water heater
Solar thermal control of building integrated phase change materials an experi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the present paper, we study experimentally the thermal behavior of phase change material (PCM) for thermal control of indoor
applications. The experimental setup consists of two full scale identical concrete cavities, situated in Faculty of Sciences Aïn
Chock in Casablanca- Morocco (33°36'N, 07°36'W). The first cavity incorporates paraffinic phase change material with melting
temperature of 22 °C and second cavity is built with alveolar bricks. The test cells are equipped by set of thermocouples and heat
flux meters connected to data logger. Thermal analysis for the two cubicles was conducted. The results show that inner
temperature swings decreases remarkably in the cavity with PCM with temperature minima 3 °C upper to the case without PCM.
On the other hand, there is time shift between PCM cavity and the reference cavity temperature oscillations. The integration of the
phase change material on the roof of the building reduces the temperature of internal walls as it has good thermal inertia. When
PCM panel covered the roof, solar heat transmission is reduced. This significantly reduces the ambient temperature of the cell.
This demonstrates the ability of PCM to increase the thermal comfort of buildings.
Keywords: PCM, Thermal Comfort, Building, Passive Solar Heating, Heat Storage. Melting, Solidification
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A theoretical analysis on the performance of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator (TEG) is presented in this paper. The effect of different performance parameters such as output voltage, output current, output power, maximum power output, open circuit voltage, Seebeck co-efficient, electrical resistance, thermal conductance, figure of merit, efficiency, heat absorbed and heat removed based on maximum conversion and power efficiency have been analyzed by varying the hot side temperature up to 350oC and by varying the cold side temperature from 30oC to 150oC. The results showed that a maximum power output of 21.7 W has been obtained with the use of one hybrid thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of 320oC between the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric generator at matched load resistance. The figure of merit was found to be around 1.28 which makes its usage possible in the intermediate temperature (250oC to 350oC) applications such as heating of Biomass waste, heat from Biomass cook stoves or waste heat recovery etc. It is also observed that the hybrid thermoelectric generator offers superior performance over 250oC of the hot side temperature, compared to standard Bi2Te3 modules.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
HEAT ABSORPTION IN FLUID USING INDUCTION HEATING TECHNOLOGYelelijjournal
Induction heating (IH) is a technique of heating electrically conducting materials by the application of electromagnetic induction.The heat generated in the object using eddy current itself in the object , instead of by an external heat source via heat conduction. This technique obeys contactless heating. Using this technique objects can be heated very rapidly. Ferromagnetic material and its alloys like iron, stainless steel responds best to induction heating. This technique has good efficiency up to 94%. This technique is in practice at industries for annealing, brazing, welding, melting of metals. Due to the large evolution in technology this technique became much popular food processing at day to day life.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
FINITE ELEMENT THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DEEP BOX-GIRDERSIAEME Publication
A three-dimensional thermal analysis using the finite element method was conducted in this research to evaluate the heat conduction in deep concrete box-girder bridges considering the temperature change of air, the thermal radiation from the sun and the speed of the wind. The current finite element analysis has predicted the concrete temperatures effectively with temperature errors ranged between 0.1 oC and 1.7 oC. The proposed finite element model was then used to evaluate the distribution of temperature in deep concrete box-girders considering the weather conditions of Gaziantep, Turkey. The weather data including solar radiation, air temperature and wind speed for a hot summer day were recorded from a specially installed weather station in the campus of the University of Gaziantep. The results showed that the AASHTO's gradient model was almost identical with the predicted temperature gradients at the top and the bottom surfaces and along the clear depth of the webs. However, the behavior along the top 1 m was different.
Building materials used for the walls of simple houses in lower-middle-class areas in Indonesia are currently dominated by brick. This study proposes that soil-paper blocks coated with calcium silicate board may be a suitable alternative, with high embodied energy and density. The research aims to obtain an optimal wall thickness to provide protection against cooling and embodied energy in low income houses, as well as against the temperature conditions in these buildings in highland and lowland areas. Determination of wall thickness is performed by simulation of a 9 m2 building model with thick variables. Cooling calculations involved the use of Archipak software. Temperature measurements were carried out using a data logger on a sample of soil-paper blocks. The results indicate that the optimal wall thickness for protection against cooling and embodied energy is 8 cm. Soil-paper block has a lower density than brick. The use of calcium silicate boards does not affect the internal temperature of a low income house, but they can be used as protection against rainwater and as a substitute for wall plastering.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
Performance investigation of a flat plate collector incorporated with differe...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the present study a performance evaluation is conducted between a normal flat plate collector (Solar Air Heater) and a flat plate collector incorporated with Tin material. The normal flat plate collector consists of a sheet metal placed within the casing and the Tin incorporated flat plate collector consists of Tin material which is stationed in the form of tins along with the sheet metal within the casing The temperature and velocity of air was measured by using a Thermocouple and Thermo- anemometer respectively. The performance evaluation is done on the basis of efficiencies produced by the two flat plate collectors for natural convection and forced convection. Index terms: Tin, Collector, Convection
A Pitched Roof with Forced Ventilation to Limit
Solar Gains by Enrico Caffagni, Antonio Libbra, Alberto Muscio* and Luca Tarozzi in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
Performance evaluation of solar-PV integrated green roof in SingaporeAakanksha Dubey
The purpose of the research is to evaluate performance improvement of photovoltaic (PV) integrated with green roof system due to evapotranspiration from plants. Evapotranspiration rate (ET) has been modeled by regression method to calculate latent heat flux generated which is responsible for reduction of cell temperature and improving efficiency of PV on green roof. ET rates have been generated by using developed regression model and its effect on power output and cell temperature was studied. Experimental results showed that power output of PV-green roof system can be higher than reference PV installed on bare concrete roof by about 8.60% whereas maximum improvement in efficiency can be up to 3%. It is found that ET plays significant role in reducing cell temperature and improving output on days with clear sky and fairly high and constant solar irradiance. However, ET rate may fluctuate on days when irradiance level is low due to which the efficiency and power output improvement of PV-green roof system may be minimal compared to PV on bare concrete roof.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Dr. Hassan K. Abdullah and Sajad M. Aboud
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Iraq is located in the sub-tropical region hot and dry, which is dominated by desert
climate. Where, the summer lasts for more than seven months. The sun shines during
these months for long time (more than a 12hr / day), and the shadow temperature
reaches more than (45˚C) so the external wall of models exposed to thermal waves
and its strength proportion to the time [1]. The outside walls and roofs should be
protected from radiation of the sun and the changing climatic conditions by an
appropriate thermal insulation material. The radiation of sun is more than 780
watts/m2 on the horizontal surfaces in the summer season which leads to
uncomfortable inside temperature. The cooling and heating equipment are
considerably decreases in case of using thermal insulation materials which leads to
save the consumption of electrical energy.
According to World Watch Institute Estimations, buildings are responsible for
40% of the total energy consumption worldwide with a greater percentage in the
industrialized and urbanized countries (Graham [2], Oldewurtel et al., [3]). In Iraq, the
building sector in Baghdad is responsible for 48% residential, 29% industrial, 13%
offices, 6% commercial and 4% agricultural of energy consumption (Alsammarae,
[4]). Most of the energy consumption in Iraq is for cooling and heating that require a
great amount of energy loads as compared to lighting and other uses. Hasan [5]
indicated that 69% of the annual energy use in houses in Baghdad consumes for
cooling by 42% and 26% goes for heating.
The thermal insulations are materials or composite of materials which used mainly
to afford resistance to heat flow. Insulations are heterogeneous materials with low
thermal conductivity, and they include air pocket. The purpose of using air is due to
low thermal conductivities and availability of it.
Mohamed selmi and Ismail A. Tag (1996) [6], deliberated the thermo-stone
performance characteristic when it is used as a building material. He made a
comparison with hollow bricks. Annual cooling load was estimated by using carrier
advanced local program. Many of combination of house roof and walls have been
used, estimating the annual electrical energy for the air-conditioning. The results
showed that thermo-stone consuming 25%-30% electrical energy less than hollow
bricks. So, the thermo-stone block will consume 28%-34% annual cost of electrical
compared with hollow brick.
Atiff A. H (2010) [7], studied the environmental effect reduction on internal space
temperature by external walls covering the object, which reduced the heat transferred
quantities from or to internal building space by covering its external walls with many
materials, therefore, the researcher built the (1x1x2) m room sample at 3rd floor for
building in Baghdad city (L = 33.2 N°), and (1x2)m wall has East orientation , while
the other surfaces were insulated by 200 mm styropor sheets, and using Air
Conditioner 0. 5 Ton of refrigeration to afford the standard thermal comfort was used.
The researcher found that, the metal sheet painted with thermal plastic paint with 10
mm thermal insulation used as a cover layer for ordinary wall saved 57% of electrical
energy consumption in Air-Conditioner.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
Saving the energy is done for the Iraqi buildings by using standard thermal insulation
and new thermal insulation.
3. Saving energy by Using Insulation
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com
3. THEORITICAL EQUATIONS
The of heat conduction rate is directly proportional to the thermal conductivity, the
temperature difference and the area of the wall, on the other hand its inversely
proportional to the thickness of the wall.
(3.1)
(3.2)
Convection Resistance: Is the surface thermal resistance against heat convection.
(3.3)
Radiation Resistance: Is the surface thermal resistance against heat radiation.
Schematic for convection and radiation resistances at a surface
4. Dr. Hassan K. Abdullah and Sajad M. Aboud
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 4 editor@iaeme.com
(3.6)
Rradiation heat transfer coefficient
4. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
Experimental apparatus deals with room models, installations of insulations and
measurements device
4.1. Room Models
4.1.1. Brick Model
Two brick model (fig. 1&2) where constructed of(1*1*1 m) dimensions, one of them
insulated with three type of insulation : polyurethane, polystyrene and NC, and the
second model is kept without using insulation in order to compare it with the first
model.
Figure (1) show the brick model
4.2.2 Thermo-Stone Room
Thermo-stone model walls consist of a thermo-stone block of dimension (60*20*20
cm) length, width and thickness respectively have been used with cement mortar as a
binding agent. With considering the roof and the ground are constructed as mentioned
above. The thermo-stone in the local market available with dimension
(0.6 0.2 0.2m), and its cost is 9$/m². The thermo-stone model has been used; The
experiment done by comparing it with the brick model without insulation, as shown in
photo (2) below:
5. Saving energy by Using Insulation
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 5 editor@iaeme.com
Figure (2) shows the Thermo-stone & Brick model
4.2.3 Sandwich Panel Room
Its constructed from 5 cm thick sandwich panel, the four wall of (1*1 m length ) fixed
by using cubic iron frame shape, the panel plate jointed by using screws bolt on the
frame . And all gaps are filled with polyurethane foam spray to avoid air leakage to
the room. The sandwich panel in the local market is available in thickness 50 or 100
mm, with dimension (1 12m), and its cost is 16 $/m². The sandwich panel model of
50 mm thickness, The experiment done by comparing it with the brick model without
insulation, as shown in photo (3) below
Figure (3) show the sandwich panel & Brick model
Figure (4) below shows the brick model and externally insulated styropor model
in the third experiments.
6. Dr. Hassan K. Abdullah and Sajad M. Aboud
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Figure (4) shows the brick model and externally insulated styropor model
4.2. INSTALLATIONS OF INSULATIONS AND THERMOCOUPLE
Thermal insulation is installed on the external wall of the model by using 1m2
insulation materials with 5cm thickness fixed to model by adhesive tape and
supporting by rope. The thermocouples distribution was For each model used 11 LM
wires have installed to measure the temperature distribution over the model where 8
LM wires are installed in the two side of the walls(each side has 4 LM wires) of the
model besides one LM wire in the center as well as two LM in both sides of the roof
of the model. As insulation is attached to the model more 4 LM installed in outer
surface.
4.3. MEASUREMENT DEVICE
Two devices are used in this study for measuring the parameters where Data logger
device type lapjack U3 is used for measuring the temperature of the model. And an
extension is used to increase the number of measuring point, while Solar power meter
device type TES-1333/1333R is used for measuring the solar power during each day
of experiment by put it on horizontal surface, then read the value directly on the
models, the measuring unit w/m² is adjusting in this study.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSIONS
Figure (5) shows the temperature variation of outside air temperature comparing with
zone air temperature for sandwich model & for brick model, the temperature
difference between Ta –Ti increase for starting from morning to maximum value at 2
p.m. the value for brick model was 11 o
C, while for sandwich panel at the same time
the difference reach to 15.5 o
C, that means the insulated wall is better than
commercial brick wall.
Figure (6) illustrates the temperature variation of outside air temperature
comparing with zone air temperature for thermo-stone model & for brick model, the
temperature difference between Ta –Ti increase for starting from morning to
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maximum value at 2 p.m. the value for brick model was 9 o
C,while for thermo-stone
at the same time the difference reach to 10 o
C, that means the insulated wall is better
than commercial brick wall.
Figure (7) represents the temperature variation of outside air temperature
comparing with inside air temperature for outside cork model & for brick model, the
temperature difference between Ta –Ti increase for starting from morning to
maximum value at 2 p.m. the value for brick model was 10 o
C,while for outside cork
at the same time the difference reach to 13 o
C, that means the insulated wall is better
than commercial brick wall.
Figure (8) represents the rate of heat gain in brick model and Thermo-stone
model, The rate of heat gain in brick model increased rapidly from morning time to
peak value with range (2-17 watt/m2
), then decrease in afternoon duration to (2
watt/m2
), while in insulated model the heat gain varied smoothly with rang (3-11
watt/m2
).that the maximum value of the heat gain in the brick model is (17 watt/m2
) at
1p.m., while the maximum value of the heat gain in the thermo-stone model is (11.36
watt/m2
) at 2p.m., the saving energy percent is 33.17%.
Figure (9) illustrates that the maximum value of the heat gain in the brick model is
(20 watt/m2
) at 1 p.m., while the maximum value of the heat gain in the sandwich
panel model is (6 watt/m2
) at 2p.m., the saving energy percent is 70%.
Figure (10) shows the rate of heat gain in brick model and outside cork insulation
model, The rate of heat gain in brick model increased rapidly from morning time to
peak value with range (2-18 watt/m2
), then decrease in afternoon duration to (1
watt/m2
), while in insulated model the heat gain varied smoothly with rang (1-8
watt/m2
).The maximum value of the heat gain in the brick model is (18 watt/m2
) at 1
p.m., while the maximum value of the heat gain in the outside insulation cork model
is (8 watt/m2
) at 2p.m., the saving energy percent is 54.28%.
Figure (11) show the annual distribution of the heat gain in Wh/m2
(by using
Ecotect program), for sandwich panel and Brick model, from figure (5-30) it can be
noticed that the average value of the heat gain during the experimental day (5 June) is
460 Wh/m2
, compared with a figure (14) at the same day the average value is 160
Wh/m2
.
Figure (12) show the annual distribution of the heat gain in Wh/m2
, for thermo-
stone model, from figure (5-30) it can be noticed that the average value of the heat
gain during the experimental day (3 June) is 440 Wh/m2
, compared with figure (13) at
the same day the average value is 290 Wh/m2
.
Figure (13) show the annual distribution of the heat gain in Wh/m2
, for outside
styropor and Brick model, from figure (5-30) it can be noticed that the average value
of the heat gain during the experimental day (6 June) is 430 Wh/m2
, compared with
figure (15) at the same day the average value is 220 Wh/m2
.
8. Dr. Hassan K. Abdullah and Sajad M. Aboud
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Figure (5) thermal behavior of brick and sandwich panel model wall
Figure (6) thermal behavior of brick and thermo stone model wall
Figure (7) thermal behavior of brick and brick insulated outside by cork model wall.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature°𝐶
Time
Ti,b
Ta
Ti,s
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature°𝐶
Time
Ta
Ti,b
Ti,t
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature°𝐶
Time
Ta
Ti,b
Ti,s
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Figure (8) Heat Flux Flow into Internal Surfaces of Thermo stone model.
-
Figure (9) Heat Flux Flow into Internal Surfaces of sandwich panel model.
Figure (10) Heat Flux Flow into Internal Surfaces of brick model insulated outside
with cork.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Qt
Qb
0
5
10
15
20
25
heatgain(watt/m2)
Time
Qs
Qb
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
heatgain(watt)
Time
Qs
Qb
10. Dr. Hassan K. Abdullah and Sajad M. Aboud
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Figure (11) the heat gain distribution on brick model insulated with sandwich panel.
Figure (12) the heat gain distribution on brick model insulated with thermo-stone.
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Figure (13) the heat gain distribution on brick model insulated outside with styropor
& brick model without insulation.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The following comments could be concluded:-
The insulated of south and west walls are more effective than that of northern and
eastern walls.
The best constructed walls to save energy were sandwich panel wall, then thermo-
stone as compared to brick walls.
The saving energy for experimentally tested insulation can be arranged from
maximum value of saving as follow: 70% sandwich panel, thermo-stone model 33%
and Outside styropor 54.28%.
The higher initial cost of the constructed wall was brick wall, then sandwich panel
wall and the cheaper one was thermo-stone wall.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my deep thanks and respect to to all members of the (College
Of Engineering / Mechanical Engineering Department at the University Of Wasit) for
their cooperation.
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