The Satavahana dynasty laid the foundations for Buddhist rock-cut architecture during this period, such as the Ajanta caves. The Satavahanas ruled the Deccan region from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE, establishing a kingdom that comprised parts of present-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra. During their rule, the Satavahanas experienced both expansion of their territory as well as invasions, such as by the Sakas in the early centuries CE.