An energy audit training covers energy concepts like the building as a system, power vs energy, and energy efficiency. The trainer will demonstrate how to conduct an energy audit using various diagnostic tools and discuss recommendations. Trainees can ask questions and share their expectations for the training. Key areas of focus for an energy audit include HVAC, water heating, plug loads, lighting, and the building envelope.
The energy-saving audit project in Malaysia aimed to implement advanced energy-saving technologies from Japanese companies at selected model companies in Malaysia to help reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, with the project selecting 2-3 large processed food or beverage companies to conduct free audits and provide recommendations, and requesting MGTC's help in recommending model companies and linking the project to Malaysia's Green Technology Financing Scheme.
This document provides tips for saving energy and money at home. It recommends conducting a home energy audit to identify areas of high energy use and suggests insulating attics, walls, crawl spaces, and basements according to DOE recommendations. Installing proper insulation and sealing air leaks throughout the entire home is identified as one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce energy waste and lower utility bills.
Verdicorp, Inc. is helping solve the world’s energy problems by producing electricity from heat that would otherwise be wasted into the atmosphere. Verdicorp’s Verdi~Sys combines award-winning technology with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System to capture waste heat from a variety of heat sources. It is particularly well-suited to transforming natural gas transmission engine exhaust into electricity, which means saving money.
Verdicorp President, Ron Conry and members of the corporate staff will be exhibiting the Verdi~Sys ORC system at the NAPE North American Petroleum Expo at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, Texas on August 18-19, 2011. We look forward to speaking with you at the NAPE Expo in Houston. We will be in booth #2700.
You can learn more about Verdicorp by going to www.verdicorp.com
This document outlines a lecture on energy education and energy literacy. It introduces electricity as an energy system and discusses how to calculate the efficiency of energy systems. The lecture uses a hot pot demonstration to show students how to analyze an energy system and calculate its efficiency. It then has students do a packing peanut activity to demonstrate how efficiency decreases as energy is transferred through more complex systems. The lecture discusses how electricity is a secondary energy source and traces the energy losses from primary sources like coal to final electricity usage. It emphasizes the importance of considering the full energy cycle from primary source to end use. Finally, it encourages students to reduce their personal energy usage by reviewing tips on an electric company's website.
Sameer Simms presented a dynamic numerical model of a 2D hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panel. The model simulated the performance of both a PVT panel and a standard PV panel under controlled and real weather conditions. The results showed that the PVT panel operated at lower temperatures than the PV panel, leading to 13.5% higher electricity generation. While the PVT panel produced more thermal power than electrical power, the total thermal energy was low due to heat losses during periods of low sunlight. Future work will focus on validating the model, upgrading it to 3D, and reducing simulation times.
Passive House slideshow for Passive House MinnTE Studio
This is an introductory slideshow about the Passive House building energy standard that I gave at the Passive House Minnesota event in Miinneapolis on 2/3/2011.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
The document provides energy usage and portfolio information for the Prescott Service Center building. It details the building size, energy sources, current energy consumption, improvement opportunities in building envelop, solar power, and lighting. Implementing improvements in building envelop, installing solar panels, and switching to LED lighting can reduce annual energy consumption by over 342,000 kWh and save over $37,000 per year while achieving payback periods of less than 10 years for the investments.
Passive House
Designing Low Energy Buildings
A presentation by Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
www.passivehouse.us
Keynote address at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPO
The energy-saving audit project in Malaysia aimed to implement advanced energy-saving technologies from Japanese companies at selected model companies in Malaysia to help reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, with the project selecting 2-3 large processed food or beverage companies to conduct free audits and provide recommendations, and requesting MGTC's help in recommending model companies and linking the project to Malaysia's Green Technology Financing Scheme.
This document provides tips for saving energy and money at home. It recommends conducting a home energy audit to identify areas of high energy use and suggests insulating attics, walls, crawl spaces, and basements according to DOE recommendations. Installing proper insulation and sealing air leaks throughout the entire home is identified as one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce energy waste and lower utility bills.
Verdicorp, Inc. is helping solve the world’s energy problems by producing electricity from heat that would otherwise be wasted into the atmosphere. Verdicorp’s Verdi~Sys combines award-winning technology with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System to capture waste heat from a variety of heat sources. It is particularly well-suited to transforming natural gas transmission engine exhaust into electricity, which means saving money.
Verdicorp President, Ron Conry and members of the corporate staff will be exhibiting the Verdi~Sys ORC system at the NAPE North American Petroleum Expo at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, Texas on August 18-19, 2011. We look forward to speaking with you at the NAPE Expo in Houston. We will be in booth #2700.
You can learn more about Verdicorp by going to www.verdicorp.com
This document outlines a lecture on energy education and energy literacy. It introduces electricity as an energy system and discusses how to calculate the efficiency of energy systems. The lecture uses a hot pot demonstration to show students how to analyze an energy system and calculate its efficiency. It then has students do a packing peanut activity to demonstrate how efficiency decreases as energy is transferred through more complex systems. The lecture discusses how electricity is a secondary energy source and traces the energy losses from primary sources like coal to final electricity usage. It emphasizes the importance of considering the full energy cycle from primary source to end use. Finally, it encourages students to reduce their personal energy usage by reviewing tips on an electric company's website.
Sameer Simms presented a dynamic numerical model of a 2D hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panel. The model simulated the performance of both a PVT panel and a standard PV panel under controlled and real weather conditions. The results showed that the PVT panel operated at lower temperatures than the PV panel, leading to 13.5% higher electricity generation. While the PVT panel produced more thermal power than electrical power, the total thermal energy was low due to heat losses during periods of low sunlight. Future work will focus on validating the model, upgrading it to 3D, and reducing simulation times.
Passive House slideshow for Passive House MinnTE Studio
This is an introductory slideshow about the Passive House building energy standard that I gave at the Passive House Minnesota event in Miinneapolis on 2/3/2011.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
The document provides energy usage and portfolio information for the Prescott Service Center building. It details the building size, energy sources, current energy consumption, improvement opportunities in building envelop, solar power, and lighting. Implementing improvements in building envelop, installing solar panels, and switching to LED lighting can reduce annual energy consumption by over 342,000 kWh and save over $37,000 per year while achieving payback periods of less than 10 years for the investments.
Passive House
Designing Low Energy Buildings
A presentation by Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
www.passivehouse.us
Keynote address at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPO
Global Engineering Systems offers energy and water auditing services to identify savings opportunities that can reduce clients' bills. They have 200 million square feet of auditing experience across over 1000 facilities. Their audits typically identify annual energy savings of 80MW, demand reduction of 45MVA, and water savings of 4.8 million cubic meters. They take a three-stage approach to auditing, identifying opportunities, conducting a detailed audit, and implementing recommended solutions.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to power plant economics and load factors. It discusses factors that influence load such as daily, weekly, seasonal and random variations. Load profiles including load curves and duration curves are explained. Key performance factors for power plants are defined such as load factor, capacity factor, utility factor, diversity factor, availability factor, demand factor and plant use factor. The costs involved in electricity power generation are outlined, including capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, and fuel costs. Generation costs are estimated based on these factors.
MET 401 Chapter 10 -_economics_of_power_generation_-_a._rezkIbrahim AboKhalil
[DOCUMENT]: This document discusses power plant engineering economics. It covers topics such as types of power plants, electricity generation rates, load duration curves, factors that influence electricity supply like load factor and capacity factor, power plant location considerations, and methods to reduce power plant costs through equipment selection, maintenance, and efficiency improvements. The document provides examples to illustrate calculations for various power plant economic metrics.
This document discusses different aspects of tariffs for electricity supply including objectives, types of tariffs, and key terms. It describes five main types of tariffs - simple, flat rate, block rate, two part, and maximum demand tariffs. It also covers related concepts like connected load, maximum demand, demand factor, diversity factor, load factor, reserves, load curves, and load duration curves.
Non Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources 01Abha Tripathi
The document discusses various non-conventional and renewable energy sources including wind energy, solar power, fuel cells, tidal power, geothermal power, biogas power, and magneto-hydrodynamic power. It provides information on how these sources work, examples of their applications, and considerations for their use.
This document discusses load curves and economics of power generation. It provides definitions for key terms like connected load, demand, maximum demand, load factor, diversity factor, and plant capacity factor. Load curves show the variation of load on a power station over time and can be daily, monthly, or yearly. The combined daily load curve shows higher loads during the day and lower loads at night. Tariffs for electricity aim to recover the fixed and operating costs of power generation through rates that consider maximum demand and energy consumed. Different tariff structures include flat demand rate, straight line meter rate, block meter rate, and two-part or three-part tariffs.
Load characteristics and Economic AspectsAbha Tripathi
This document defines several terms used to characterize electrical load characteristics and economic aspects of power systems, including:
1. Connected load, maximum demand, demand factor, diversity factor, coincidence factor, load diversity, contribution factor, loss factor, load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and utilization factor.
2. Types of reserves in power systems including spinning reserve, cold reserve, and hot reserve.
3. Load curves and load duration curves which show the variation of load over time and are useful for determining the maximum demand, energy produced, average loading, and load factor.
4. Several examples are provided calculating metrics like demand factor, average load, energy consumption, reserve capacity,
This document discusses economics factors related to power plants, including:
- Key terms like load factor, utility factor, and plant operating factor that relate to a power plant's usage and efficiency.
- Components of fixed costs for a power plant like land, equipment, and maintenance.
- Operating costs including fuel, labor, water, and transmission/distribution.
- Load curves that show power demand over time and factors like diversity factor and plant capacity factor that relate demand to a plant's maximum output.
- Different tariff methods used to calculate customer bills based on maximum demand, energy consumed, and other factors.
Phyics M4 Electrical Energy cost and ConservationeLearningJa
The document discusses electricity costs and conservation in Jamaica. It begins by outlining the objectives of calculating electricity usage and costs, defining energy conservation, and identifying domestic and commercial conservation methods. It then provides context that Jamaica imports oil and electricity is expensive. It discusses calculating electricity costs based on usage, various domestic conservation techniques like building design and appliances, and commercial conservation options like solar panels. The document aims to educate about reducing energy costs through conservation.
This document discusses power factor improvement through the use of capacitors. It begins with definitions of key terms like active power, reactive power, and apparent power. It then discusses how inductive loads cause low power factors and the disadvantages of low power factors, such as increased current and line losses. The document presents methods for calculating the capacitance needed to improve the power factor of an inductive load. It also provides examples of typical power factors for various equipment and industries. Overall, the document provides an overview of power factors and how capacitors can be used to improve power factors.
This document discusses power factor, causes of low power factor, disadvantages of low power factor, and methods for improving power factor. It begins by defining power factor as the ratio of active power to apparent power. Inductive loads like transformers and motors cause low power factors by introducing reactive power. Low power factor results in larger equipment sizes, greater losses, and reduced system capacity. Methods for improving power factor include installing capacitors to offset reactive power and replacing standard motors with high efficiency models. The document concludes with a case study where installing capacitors at a factory's main board improved the average power factor from 0.75 to 0.95.
This document discusses how to conserve energy through reducing consumption. It explains that energy can be converted between forms but not created or destroyed. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind can be replenished, unlike non-renewable fossil fuels which are limited. Conserving energy helps preserve resources for future use and saves money. Simple steps like turning off lights and electronics when not in use can help reduce energy waste at home, school, and in public places. Collective conservation efforts can help ensure a sustainable supply of energy for future generations.
This presentation discusses energy conservation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different types of energy sources, distinguishing between renewable sources like solar and wind, and non-renewable fossil fuels. The presentation urges conservation efforts, noting that demands are increasing while resources are limited. It suggests individual actions like using efficient light bulbs and unplugging unused devices to save energy and money. India relies heavily on fossil fuel imports, so increased conservation could help address future energy demands and reliance on foreign sources.
Identifying Energy Waste in your Plant/Facility Webinar with FlukeTranscat
This informative webinar with Fluke that will highlight the right test tools to use and how they will help you identify areas of energy waste in your plant or facility.
Energy Conservation At Attractions And AccommodationsMartin Mongiello
Energy conservation in the tourism industry can provide significant cost savings opportunities. According to various sources, the average hotel spends over $2,000 per year on energy costs per room, while the commercial food service sector wastes $8 billion annually on inefficient energy use. Developing an energy plan by assembling an energy team to evaluate energy usage and prioritize opportunities can help attractions and accommodations reduce energy costs. Conducting energy audits identifies where systems can be improved. Simple measures like lighting upgrades, low-flow fixtures, and programmable thermostats offer low-hanging fruit to cut energy expenses.
Energy Science Engineering and management systemkeshavmech2008
Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units as well as energy distribution and storage. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions. The VDI-Guideline 4602 released a definition which includes the economic dimension: "Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives".[1] It is a systematic endeavor to optimize energy efficiency for specific political, economic, and environmental objectives through Engineering and Management techniques.[2]
Energy efficiency
Base line of energy assessment
One of the initial steps for an effective energy cost control program is the base line energy assessment, which examines the pattern of existing energy usage by the government or any sub-entity of the government or private organization. This program will set the reference point for improvements in energy efficiency. Energy efficiency can improve the existing energy usage and benchmarking of every individual section such as area, sub-area and the industry etc. .
Organizational integration
It is important to integrate the energy management in the organizational structure, so that the energy management can be implemented. Responsibilities and the interaction of the decision makers should be regularized. The delegation of functions and competencies extend from the top management to the executive worker. Furthermore, a comprehensive coordination can ensure the fulfillment of the tasks.
It is advisable to establish a separate organizational unit "energy management" in large or energy-intensive companies. This unit supports the senior management and keeps track. It depends on the basic form of the organizational structure, where this unit is connected. In case of a functional organization the unit is located directly between the first (CEO) and the second hierarchical level (corporate functions such as production, procurement, marketing). In a divisional organization, there should be a central and several sector-specific energy management units. So the diverse needs of the individual sectors and the coordination between the branches and the head office can be fulfilled. In a matrix organization the energy management can be included as a matrix function and thus approach most functions directly.
Energy management in operational functions
Facility management
Facility management is an important part of energy management, because a huge proportion (average 25 per cent) of complete operating costs are energy costs. According to the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), facility management is "a profession that encompass
This document provides an overview of conducting an energy audit of a household. It discusses:
1. Preparing for the audit by collecting old electricity bills and appliance power ratings.
2. Conducting the audit by making a list of appliances with their usage times and calculating the daily electricity consumption of each.
3. Calculating the household's total daily and monthly electricity usage, and the carbon dioxide emissions based on the electricity consumption and country's CO2 emission intensity.
4. Recommendations for improving energy efficiency in the household through actions like using energy efficient appliances and switching off devices when not in use.
Multi-agent Control of Thermal Systems in BuildingsBenoit Lacroix
In buildings, the thermal functions of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and domestic hot water production are often interdependent. Additionally, it is more and more complex to control them, given the increasing use of alternative energy sources, such as solar thermal collectors or heatpumps. In this work, we propose an approach allowing to design and optimize the control of thermal systems in the buildings, while improving flexibility and reusability. Consumer, producer, distributor and environmental agents are used to represent the building and its appliances. These agents' internal models allow them to compute the energy needs, energy resources and associated costs, and take into account the specificities of the thermal systems. Following this modeling step, a distributed mechanism automatically controls the system, by combining a multi-criteria selection, a local optimization and a distributed allocation of the available resources. This approach was used to control a compact unit providing heating, ventilation and domestic hot water production in a low-energy building. The system was evaluated using a thermal simulator, and managed to improve the thermal comfort by 35% compared to the initial control system, for only a 2.5% increase in costs.
The document discusses several topics related to energy audits and calculating energy savings. It provides information on:
1) Calculating the monetary savings per year from replacing 200 lamps with lower wattage lamps during peak usage periods.
2) Calculating load factor using peak kW usage, total kWh used, and time period.
3) Explaining what a demand ratchet is and how to calculate the billed demand under a ratchet structure.
4) Defining what an energy audit is and that it identifies energy savings opportunities through a systematic study of how energy is used.
Global Engineering Systems offers energy and water auditing services to identify savings opportunities that can reduce clients' bills. They have 200 million square feet of auditing experience across over 1000 facilities. Their audits typically identify annual energy savings of 80MW, demand reduction of 45MVA, and water savings of 4.8 million cubic meters. They take a three-stage approach to auditing, identifying opportunities, conducting a detailed audit, and implementing recommended solutions.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to power plant economics and load factors. It discusses factors that influence load such as daily, weekly, seasonal and random variations. Load profiles including load curves and duration curves are explained. Key performance factors for power plants are defined such as load factor, capacity factor, utility factor, diversity factor, availability factor, demand factor and plant use factor. The costs involved in electricity power generation are outlined, including capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, and fuel costs. Generation costs are estimated based on these factors.
MET 401 Chapter 10 -_economics_of_power_generation_-_a._rezkIbrahim AboKhalil
[DOCUMENT]: This document discusses power plant engineering economics. It covers topics such as types of power plants, electricity generation rates, load duration curves, factors that influence electricity supply like load factor and capacity factor, power plant location considerations, and methods to reduce power plant costs through equipment selection, maintenance, and efficiency improvements. The document provides examples to illustrate calculations for various power plant economic metrics.
This document discusses different aspects of tariffs for electricity supply including objectives, types of tariffs, and key terms. It describes five main types of tariffs - simple, flat rate, block rate, two part, and maximum demand tariffs. It also covers related concepts like connected load, maximum demand, demand factor, diversity factor, load factor, reserves, load curves, and load duration curves.
Non Conventional (Renewable) Energy Sources 01Abha Tripathi
The document discusses various non-conventional and renewable energy sources including wind energy, solar power, fuel cells, tidal power, geothermal power, biogas power, and magneto-hydrodynamic power. It provides information on how these sources work, examples of their applications, and considerations for their use.
This document discusses load curves and economics of power generation. It provides definitions for key terms like connected load, demand, maximum demand, load factor, diversity factor, and plant capacity factor. Load curves show the variation of load on a power station over time and can be daily, monthly, or yearly. The combined daily load curve shows higher loads during the day and lower loads at night. Tariffs for electricity aim to recover the fixed and operating costs of power generation through rates that consider maximum demand and energy consumed. Different tariff structures include flat demand rate, straight line meter rate, block meter rate, and two-part or three-part tariffs.
Load characteristics and Economic AspectsAbha Tripathi
This document defines several terms used to characterize electrical load characteristics and economic aspects of power systems, including:
1. Connected load, maximum demand, demand factor, diversity factor, coincidence factor, load diversity, contribution factor, loss factor, load factor, plant capacity factor, plant use factor, and utilization factor.
2. Types of reserves in power systems including spinning reserve, cold reserve, and hot reserve.
3. Load curves and load duration curves which show the variation of load over time and are useful for determining the maximum demand, energy produced, average loading, and load factor.
4. Several examples are provided calculating metrics like demand factor, average load, energy consumption, reserve capacity,
This document discusses economics factors related to power plants, including:
- Key terms like load factor, utility factor, and plant operating factor that relate to a power plant's usage and efficiency.
- Components of fixed costs for a power plant like land, equipment, and maintenance.
- Operating costs including fuel, labor, water, and transmission/distribution.
- Load curves that show power demand over time and factors like diversity factor and plant capacity factor that relate demand to a plant's maximum output.
- Different tariff methods used to calculate customer bills based on maximum demand, energy consumed, and other factors.
Phyics M4 Electrical Energy cost and ConservationeLearningJa
The document discusses electricity costs and conservation in Jamaica. It begins by outlining the objectives of calculating electricity usage and costs, defining energy conservation, and identifying domestic and commercial conservation methods. It then provides context that Jamaica imports oil and electricity is expensive. It discusses calculating electricity costs based on usage, various domestic conservation techniques like building design and appliances, and commercial conservation options like solar panels. The document aims to educate about reducing energy costs through conservation.
This document discusses power factor improvement through the use of capacitors. It begins with definitions of key terms like active power, reactive power, and apparent power. It then discusses how inductive loads cause low power factors and the disadvantages of low power factors, such as increased current and line losses. The document presents methods for calculating the capacitance needed to improve the power factor of an inductive load. It also provides examples of typical power factors for various equipment and industries. Overall, the document provides an overview of power factors and how capacitors can be used to improve power factors.
This document discusses power factor, causes of low power factor, disadvantages of low power factor, and methods for improving power factor. It begins by defining power factor as the ratio of active power to apparent power. Inductive loads like transformers and motors cause low power factors by introducing reactive power. Low power factor results in larger equipment sizes, greater losses, and reduced system capacity. Methods for improving power factor include installing capacitors to offset reactive power and replacing standard motors with high efficiency models. The document concludes with a case study where installing capacitors at a factory's main board improved the average power factor from 0.75 to 0.95.
This document discusses how to conserve energy through reducing consumption. It explains that energy can be converted between forms but not created or destroyed. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind can be replenished, unlike non-renewable fossil fuels which are limited. Conserving energy helps preserve resources for future use and saves money. Simple steps like turning off lights and electronics when not in use can help reduce energy waste at home, school, and in public places. Collective conservation efforts can help ensure a sustainable supply of energy for future generations.
This presentation discusses energy conservation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and outlines different types of energy sources, distinguishing between renewable sources like solar and wind, and non-renewable fossil fuels. The presentation urges conservation efforts, noting that demands are increasing while resources are limited. It suggests individual actions like using efficient light bulbs and unplugging unused devices to save energy and money. India relies heavily on fossil fuel imports, so increased conservation could help address future energy demands and reliance on foreign sources.
Identifying Energy Waste in your Plant/Facility Webinar with FlukeTranscat
This informative webinar with Fluke that will highlight the right test tools to use and how they will help you identify areas of energy waste in your plant or facility.
Energy Conservation At Attractions And AccommodationsMartin Mongiello
Energy conservation in the tourism industry can provide significant cost savings opportunities. According to various sources, the average hotel spends over $2,000 per year on energy costs per room, while the commercial food service sector wastes $8 billion annually on inefficient energy use. Developing an energy plan by assembling an energy team to evaluate energy usage and prioritize opportunities can help attractions and accommodations reduce energy costs. Conducting energy audits identifies where systems can be improved. Simple measures like lighting upgrades, low-flow fixtures, and programmable thermostats offer low-hanging fruit to cut energy expenses.
Energy Science Engineering and management systemkeshavmech2008
Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units as well as energy distribution and storage. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions. The VDI-Guideline 4602 released a definition which includes the economic dimension: "Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives".[1] It is a systematic endeavor to optimize energy efficiency for specific political, economic, and environmental objectives through Engineering and Management techniques.[2]
Energy efficiency
Base line of energy assessment
One of the initial steps for an effective energy cost control program is the base line energy assessment, which examines the pattern of existing energy usage by the government or any sub-entity of the government or private organization. This program will set the reference point for improvements in energy efficiency. Energy efficiency can improve the existing energy usage and benchmarking of every individual section such as area, sub-area and the industry etc. .
Organizational integration
It is important to integrate the energy management in the organizational structure, so that the energy management can be implemented. Responsibilities and the interaction of the decision makers should be regularized. The delegation of functions and competencies extend from the top management to the executive worker. Furthermore, a comprehensive coordination can ensure the fulfillment of the tasks.
It is advisable to establish a separate organizational unit "energy management" in large or energy-intensive companies. This unit supports the senior management and keeps track. It depends on the basic form of the organizational structure, where this unit is connected. In case of a functional organization the unit is located directly between the first (CEO) and the second hierarchical level (corporate functions such as production, procurement, marketing). In a divisional organization, there should be a central and several sector-specific energy management units. So the diverse needs of the individual sectors and the coordination between the branches and the head office can be fulfilled. In a matrix organization the energy management can be included as a matrix function and thus approach most functions directly.
Energy management in operational functions
Facility management
Facility management is an important part of energy management, because a huge proportion (average 25 per cent) of complete operating costs are energy costs. According to the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), facility management is "a profession that encompass
This document provides an overview of conducting an energy audit of a household. It discusses:
1. Preparing for the audit by collecting old electricity bills and appliance power ratings.
2. Conducting the audit by making a list of appliances with their usage times and calculating the daily electricity consumption of each.
3. Calculating the household's total daily and monthly electricity usage, and the carbon dioxide emissions based on the electricity consumption and country's CO2 emission intensity.
4. Recommendations for improving energy efficiency in the household through actions like using energy efficient appliances and switching off devices when not in use.
Multi-agent Control of Thermal Systems in BuildingsBenoit Lacroix
In buildings, the thermal functions of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and domestic hot water production are often interdependent. Additionally, it is more and more complex to control them, given the increasing use of alternative energy sources, such as solar thermal collectors or heatpumps. In this work, we propose an approach allowing to design and optimize the control of thermal systems in the buildings, while improving flexibility and reusability. Consumer, producer, distributor and environmental agents are used to represent the building and its appliances. These agents' internal models allow them to compute the energy needs, energy resources and associated costs, and take into account the specificities of the thermal systems. Following this modeling step, a distributed mechanism automatically controls the system, by combining a multi-criteria selection, a local optimization and a distributed allocation of the available resources. This approach was used to control a compact unit providing heating, ventilation and domestic hot water production in a low-energy building. The system was evaluated using a thermal simulator, and managed to improve the thermal comfort by 35% compared to the initial control system, for only a 2.5% increase in costs.
The document discusses several topics related to energy audits and calculating energy savings. It provides information on:
1) Calculating the monetary savings per year from replacing 200 lamps with lower wattage lamps during peak usage periods.
2) Calculating load factor using peak kW usage, total kWh used, and time period.
3) Explaining what a demand ratchet is and how to calculate the billed demand under a ratchet structure.
4) Defining what an energy audit is and that it identifies energy savings opportunities through a systematic study of how energy is used.
Auditac tg7 benchmarking guide for ac based on elec billsRoyal Mail
This document provides an action plan for benchmarking the energy consumption of air conditioning systems using electricity bills. It outlines 4 parts to the plan:
1) Basic benchmarking of energy consumption by comparing consumption over time and looking for factors like climate or activity changes that could explain variations.
2) Calculating typical energy ratios by dividing consumption by activity indicators like area to allow comparisons across buildings.
3) Developing a climate-based energy signature by relating consumption to temperature data to isolate the climate-dependent portion.
4) Creating a multi-parameter energy signature using regression analysis to relate consumption to multiple factors like climate and activity simultaneously.
The document provides details on carrying out each part and emphasizes
This document summarizes a presentation on conducting workplace energy audits and assessments. It discusses the audit process, tools used in assessments, key areas of focus like heating/cooling and lighting, checklists and calculators to aid in audits, examples of successful workplace assessment programs at Cal Poly SLO and Yale, and techniques for fostering adoption of recommended energy efficiency measures. The overall goal is to identify low-cost or no-cost changes that save energy and money through improved operations and occupant behaviors in offices and other workplaces.
This document provides an overview of consumer basics for renewable energy projects. It defines key energy terminology, discusses technology basics like power ratings and capacity factors, and outlines the process for sizing and connecting a micro-generator system. Requirements vary by location but may include permits, approvals, and interconnection with the local grid. Economics depend on system costs, predicted production, and compensation rates. Resources are available to help consumers research contractors and understand their rights.
The document summarizes the design and analysis of a solar absorption chiller with phase change material (PCM) for cooling telecommunication shelters in India. It includes the theoretical model of the absorption chiller, building simulation using TRNSYS software, analysis of system components like the solar collector and cooling tower, and economic and environmental analysis. The results show that the solar cooling system can achieve energy savings of 24,820 kWh per year and cost savings of Rs. 1,54,812 with a payback period of 9 months, while mitigating 27.8 tons of CO2 emissions annually compared to a conventional cooling system.
Energy losses are inevitable in industrial processes but reducing them can significantly increase efficiency. An energy audit systematically identifies how and where energy is used and lost within a plant. It provides data on efficiency and conservation opportunities. Common areas of energy loss include poor equipment design and maintenance, and inefficient operations. Reducing losses in areas like steam systems, electrical motors, and heat recovery can substantially cut energy use and costs.
Smart Domestic Appliances Provide Flexibility for Sustainable Energy SystemsLeonardo ENERGY
This presentation discusses how smart domestic appliances can provide flexibility to help integrate renewable energy into energy systems. It provides examples of how appliances like freezers and dishwashers could optimize their operations to reduce energy use during peak times based on signals from utilities or other data. The presentation also discusses options for demand response like shifting or interrupting appliance cycles. It analyzes the potential economic benefits of demand response for balancing the variability of wind power generation. The value of demand response is estimated to be highest in regions with high shares of wind power and more inflexible conventional generation fleets.
This document discusses energy efficiency in data centers. It notes that data center electricity usage has doubled from 2000 to 2005 due to more powerful servers, denser server configurations, and larger storage needs. This increased usage leads to higher costs, energy waste, cooling challenges, and larger carbon footprints. The document then discusses various motivations for improving energy efficiency, such as rising electricity costs. It provides examples of PUE values from different data centers and outlines ways to improve PUE and energy efficiency, including maximizing server efficiency, reducing the data center's "house load" through techniques like free cooling, and optimizing power conversion. The document emphasizes the importance of reusing waste heat from servers through techniques like heating buildings or driving chillers
10 Feb 10 - Cheltenham Business Advice Open Day - Energy efficiency
A seminar looking at how small businesses can reduce energy costs by at least 10% through simple low and no-cost actions.
Speaker: Jon Bird
This document discusses improving lighting efficiency in poultry houses. It notes that utility rates are rising, incandescent bulbs are being phased out, and LED lighting provides significant energy savings and payback. Replacing incandescent lighting with LEDs can reduce annual energy costs by thousands of dollars while providing a payback period of just over two years. Proper installation, maintenance, and calibration of new LED lighting is important for maximizing energy savings and bulb lifespan.
This document discusses improving energy efficiency in community buildings in northern territories. It provides examples of how insulating buildings, installing efficient appliances and lighting, and implementing behavioral changes can significantly reduce energy usage and costs. Specific strategies mentioned include adding roof insulation, sealing air leaks, installing heat recovery ventilation, and switching to more efficient heating sources like heat pumps. Case studies show potential savings of 10-20% from insulation, 10-15% from sealing, and up to 80% reduction in lighting costs from LED bulbs. Overall, the document encourages analyzing current energy usage and exploring options to lower demand and choose renewable energy sources.
The document summarizes the Alliance's activities and accomplishments in 2013. Some of the key highlights include:
- The Alliance Commission unveiled recommendations to double the nation's energy productivity by 2030, which were embraced by President Obama.
- Over 550 industry leaders convened at the 6th EE Global Forum where Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz gave his first official address.
- The Alliance advocated for energy efficiency policies and legislation at both the state and federal level.
- Events and workshops were held nationwide to promote best practices in energy efficiency.
The Alliance to Save Energy celebrated its 35th anniversary in 2012 and continued its work promoting energy efficiency through policy advocacy, consumer outreach programs, and projects. Some of its major accomplishments included launching an energy efficiency policy commission, hosting energy efficiency conferences that brought together international leaders, growing its social media presence, and implementing programs that saved over 200 million kilowatt-hours in schools and colleges. Financially, the Alliance received over $20 million in revenue in 2012 but also saw expenses rise, resulting in a change in net assets of negative $2.5 million.
This document is the 2011 annual report of the Alliance to Save Energy. It summarizes the organization's accomplishments in 2011, which was the second year of its declared "Decade of Energy Efficiency". Key developments included the Senate passing bipartisan energy efficiency legislation and reporting other measures. The Alliance also helped double the number of states meeting building energy codes and led energy efficiency makeovers of 11 US ambassador residences in Europe. The report expresses gratitude for the support that allowed the Alliance's budget and staff to grow over the past year as it continues working toward its goal of making energy use more efficient through 2030.
The document summarizes a municipal energy efficiency program in Tamil Nadu, India that uses an Energy Service Company (ESCO) model for project financing. The program aims to improve energy efficiency in water supply and street lighting systems across 29 cities in Phase I and 16 additional cities in Phase II. It establishes a replicable financing model and toolkit for municipal energy efficiency projects using performance contracting through ESCOs. The program has helped spur similar programs in other parts of India and greater private sector involvement in municipal energy efficiency projects.
The document discusses Best Buy's plans to launch a "Home Energy Department" to help consumers understand, control, and reduce their home energy consumption. The department will provide education, a broad product assortment, and services like self-assessments, home energy surveys, and installing home energy management devices. It will have vignettes demonstrating home assurance, energy efficiency, and home control solutions. The "Home Smart" platform will launch in three cities with Geek Squad auditors and surveyors available to provide consultations, audits, installations, and information on incentives and partnerships.
The document discusses the Watergy program, which aims to maximize energy and water efficiency. It does this by reducing losses in water distribution systems, as every gallon of lost water requires energy. Watergy projects involve assessing end uses, designing for efficiency, and identifying financing. Case studies show projects in South Africa and Pennsylvania that saved millions in costs and water through leak detection and pressure management. Barriers to adoption include a focus on water delivery over efficiency, lack of data and training, and financing challenges for water utilities.
Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air: By David Flitman, Senior Executive Vice President & President, Water and Process Services, Nalco Company
The document discusses saving both water and energy. It notes that by 2030, two billion more people will live in urban areas, putting increased stress on water resources. The Coca-Cola Company and Coca-Cola Africa Foundation are dedicating $6 million to water and sanitation partnerships to improve access for 250,000 women and girls in Africa. This builds on Coca-Cola's 5 BY 20 initiative to empower 5 million female entrepreneurs globally by 2020.
The document summarizes the U.S. Navy's efforts to increase energy efficiency and use of alternative fuels to meet energy goals. It discusses the Navy's transition from sail to coal, oil, nuclear, and biofuel power sources over time. The Navy's goals include having 50% of energy come from alternative sources by 2020 and demonstrating a "Great Green Fleet" powered by biofuels by 2016. The Navy is focusing on energy efficiency through technologies like solar, wind, and geothermal at installations and biofuels and efficient systems on ships and aircraft to cut costs and increase security.
Ukraine relies heavily on imported fuel for energy and loses significant heat in multistory buildings, so citizens are encouraged to close common area doors, insulate windows and walls to conserve heat and energy as part of the "Save Heat-Save Ukraine" campaign.
This document compares the properties of three different light bulbs - a Sylvania Ultra LED labeled "soft white" with a 2700K color temperature and 400 lumens, a Utilitech compact fluorescent flood light with 400 lumens, 50 watts and a 3500K color temperature labeled "bright white", and an Ecosmart CFL labeled "daylight" with a 5000K color temperature and 1750 lumens with a bright natural color appearance best used for outdoor spaces like porches and patios or indoor workshop lighting.
The document discusses a student team from West Branch Community School District that conducted an energy efficiency project. The team identified opportunities to upgrade inefficient lighting and implement renewable energy sources at local businesses and their high school. They conducted energy audits, educated business owners, and successfully persuaded some to upgrade. Their efforts identified annual savings of over $9,000 and 68,000 kWh at the high school. The team shared their findings through newspaper articles, presentations, and a website to raise community awareness of energy and cost savings opportunities.
The document provides information about promoting the Green Campus Program (GCP) at Cal State Long Beach. It discusses the program's history at the campus and media exposure it has received. It also offers tips for finding stakeholders, identifying popular media sources, making the program stand out, effective interviewing, and thanking partners. The document concludes by thanking the campus intern team and energy staff and inviting questions.
This document provides guidance for identifying and evaluating potential large-scale energy efficiency retrofit projects on a university campus. It outlines that the reader will help their university identify retrofit opportunities by researching areas with high energy usage. It explains that potential savings from retrofits are valuable and lists the key steps as finding a good, feasible retrofit project, calculating the expected energy and cost savings, performing a financial analysis, and presenting findings to stakeholders. The document emphasizes that the reader should ask for help and focus on presenting the financial benefits to gain approval for projects.
This document outlines a presentation on navigating the transition from college to the workplace. It will provide an overview of best practices, testimonials from recent graduates, and a group discussion. The presentation focuses on the importance of the first 90 days in acclimating to a new job and advancing up the learning curve. Common barriers to a successful transition include unfamiliarity with company culture and networks. The presentation suggests promoting yourself, accelerating learning, and building relationships to overcome these barriers and reach the "breakeven point" where value created exceeds value consumed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Energy Auditing 101
1. Energy Auditing 101
Morgan King
Campus Lead: HSU, Chico, UCSC
Morgan@seiinc.org
2. Introduction
Who am I?
Training Goal:
Leave today with the motivation and know-how to conduct
energy audits on your campus.
What’s on tap for today?
Energy Concepts and the Building as a System
Energy Audit Practice and tool demo
Recommendations
Strategic Planning Session
What are your expectations?
3. Energy True or False
When my appliance is turned off, it’s off.
Every unit of energy that goes into a power plant
gets converted into electricity.
Buying an efficient air conditioner or furnace will
reduce my energy bill.
4. Energy Water Environ
What is an energy -
mental
audit? Protect
ion
Health
Cost &
•Systems Approach Waste Fuels
Savings Comfor
t
•Inter-relationships
Outputs
•Comprehensive or Inputs
specific Energy
Useful Work
•Variety of diagnostic tools Water
By-
Materials Product/Was
te
Image Credit: Florida Public Service Commission, http://www.psc.state.fl.us/consumers/house/
5. Power vs. Energy
Power – Rate of applied Refrigerator Example
work or energy Energy
• Units: Watt, BTU/hr 1000
900
800
700
Energy – Applied power X
Watts
600
500
time 400
300
• kW X hr = kWh 200
100
• BTU/hr X hr = BTU 0
Time
BTU –British Thermal Unit - the amount of energy required to raise 1
pound of water by 1 °F ~ 1 wooden kitchen match
Natural Gas – Therm – 100,000 BTU
Electricity – kWh ~ 3414 BTU
6. What is Energy Efficiency?
To provide the desired amount of ‘work’
for as little energy input as possible
η = Energy In – Losses
Energy In
How efficient is a 100W
incandescent light bulb?
7. Questions
A 100 watt light bulb has a lifetime of 1,000 hours. How much energy
will it consume in its lifetime?
(100 W) X (1,000 hr) X (1kW/1,000 W) = 100 kWh
A 85,000 BTU/hr furnace is operated for 12 hours per day, for one full
year. How much energy has it used in BTU and in therms?
(85,000 BTU/hr) X (12 hr/day) X (365 day/yr) = 372,300,000 BTU/yr
(372,300,000 BTU/yr) X (1 therm/100,000 BTU) = 3,723 therm/yr
9. Questions
How much money will it cost to operate the 100 watt light bulb
over it’s lifetime of 1,000 hours, assuming energy costs $0.125
per kWh?
(100 kWh) X ($0.125/kWh) = $12.50
How many pounds of CO2 will be emitted from using 3,723 therms/yr
to operate the furnace for a year (assuming 1 therm = 13.4 lbs
CO2)?
(3,723 therms/yr) X (13.4 lbs CO2/therm) = 49,888 lbs CO2
10. Residential Building Energy Consumption
Core Areas of Concern:
HVAC/ Building Envelope
Water Heating
Commercial
Plug Loads
Lighting
Source: EIA, Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table E-5A, 2008
11. Energy Audit Focus Areas
Focus Area Assessment Tools EE Measures
Inspect heating/cooling
Air sealing, insulation improvements,
equipment, distribution
IR thermometer, thermostat settings, window
system, system balance,
Heating/Cooling Thermal Leak treatments,reduce internal heat gains
thermostats, leaks in
Detector (cooling), smaller/more efficient
envelope, building envelope
equipment
upgrades
Inspect water heating
Lower temperature set-point,
Water Heating and equipment (e.g. boilers),
Thermometer insulate, pipe wrap, heat trap, low
Cooling pipes, fixtures, controls, usage
flow fixtures
behaviors
Inspect plug-in equipment, Energy Star upgrade, remove
Plug Loads phantom loads, usage Watt meter redundancy, unplugging, (smart)
behaviors power strips, plug miser controls
Inspect age/type of lighting, Flicker Checker,
Lighting Retrofit, task Lighting,
Lighting light intensity, lighting Ballast Checker,
lighting Controls, de-lamping
controls, usage behavior Light meter
12. Building Shell and its implications
on heating and cooling
Building Envelope – separates
outside from inside environment
Thermal Boundary – limits heat
flow inside and outside of
conditioned space
Air Barrier – limits air flow
between inside and outside of
structure
For maximum efficiency and comfort, the
thermal boundary and air barrier must be
continuous and in contact with each other!
13. Examples of where the thermal boundary and
air barrier are not intact
14. Building Envelope - Insulation
Insulation – slows heat transmission, reduces
temperature fluctuations, reduces size of heating For Cal:
and cooling systems, and reduces wintertime Attic: R30 – 50
condensation by raising surface temperatures and Wall: R13-15
preventing cool interior temperatures. Floor: R19-25
R-Value – resistance to heat loss. Higher the R the
better.
R Values are additive!
Example: What is the R-Value of the following wall
system?
Insulation: R-Value = 12 (approx 4 inches)
Exterior Siding: R-Value = 3
Interior Siding: R-Value = 3
15. Conductance
U-Factor – measure of thermal
conductance of a building U = BTU/ft2 x ºF x hour
material. Small U means poor
conductor. U = 1/R
What is the R Value of a
double pane window in
a vinyl frame?
R = 1/U = 1/0.46 = 2.17
16. Quantifying Conductive Heat Loss
• Second Law of Thermodynamics – over time systems move from an
ordered state to a disordered state
– hot to cold, moist to dry, high pressure to low pressure
• Conductive Heat loss rate
q (BTU/hr) = U (BTU/ft2 x ºF x hr) x A (ft2) x ΔT (°F)
Example:
U = 0.46
A = 4’ X 2’
To = 48º
Ti = 68º
q = 0.46 x 8 x 20 = 73.6 BTU/h
Image Credit: Preservation Premium Windows and Siding
http://www.preservationcollection.net/i/Windows/
17. Heating/Cooling Audit
Focus Area Assessment Tools EE Measures
Inspect heating/cooling Air sealing, insulation
equipment, distribution IR improvements, thermostat
system, system balance, thermometer, settings, window treatments,
Heating/Cooling
thermostats, leaks in Thermal Leak reduce internal heat gains
envelope, building Detector (cooling), smaller/more efficient
envelope upgrades equipment
Let’s do a heating/cooling audit of this room!
18. Water Heating/Cooling
• 120º max at the tap farthest from the boiler
• Low flow fixtures
• Shower heads ≤ 2.0 gpm
• Faucet aerator ≤ 2.75 gpm
• Refrigerated water fountains
Inspect water
heating/cooling equipment Lower temperature set-point,
Water Heating
(e.g. boilers), temp Thermometer insulate, pipe wrap, heat trap,
and Cooling
settings, pipes, fixtures, low flow fixtures, controls
usage behaviors
21. Plug Load Exercise
Energy Consumption Energy Costs CO2 Emissions
Phantom
Phantom Phantom Phantom Phantom Run Load Total
Plug Load Run Operating Run Load Total Run Load Total Load
Load Load Load Load CO2 CO2
Name Watts Hours/yr kWh/yr kWh/yr $/yr $/yr CO2
Watts hrs/yr kWh/yr $/yr lbs/yr lbs/yr
lbs/yr
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
#1:
Printer 149
#2: 100
Phantom load on this printer is 2.8 watts.
Run load is 250 watts.
Printer is used 500 hrs a year.
1 pound of CO2 per kWh.
$0.13 per kWh.
Recommend 200 watt printer with no
phantom load.
22. Lighting
There are several factors to consider when comparing lamps:
– Watt rating and kWh
– Light output, in lumens
– 100W incandescent = 1750 lumens
– 40W fluorescent = 3150 lumens
– How long lamp will last (lifetime)
– Color Rendition (CRI)
– Color Temperature
– Illuminance (foot-candles): 1 footcandle = 1 lumen/square foot
25. Lighting
Illuminating
Engineering Society
(IES)
Guidelines for
Illuminance Levels
26. Lighting Exercise
Conduct a lighting audit of the room!
What is total energy lighting consumption?
What is total energy cost and pounds of CO2?
Any recommendations to reduce energy
consumption?
Assume: $0.13/kWh and 1 lbs CO2/kWh
27. Economics of Energy Efficiency
• The more energy a home uses, the greater the potential for savings!
• Cost variables include purchase price (capital cost), installation, life-
span of retrofit, savings, and payback period
• Simple Payback (SP), Life-Cycle Savings (SLC), Savings to Investment
Ratio (SIR) preferred SIR is greater than 1.1
SP = Initial Cost($) / Annual Savings($/yr)
SLC = Annual Savings($/yr) X Life expectancy (yr)
SIR = Life-Cycle Savings ($)/Initial Cost ($)
28. Cost Effectiveness of Retrofits
Homeowner spends $2,000 on new dbl-pane windows and
receives $12 per month reduction in energy cost, what
are the SP and SIR if there is a 20 year life expectancy?
SP = $2,000 ÷ $144/yr = 13.9 years
SLC = $144/yr x 20yr = $2,880
SIR = $2,880 ÷ $2,000 = 1.44