Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units as well as energy distribution and storage. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions. The VDI-Guideline 4602 released a definition which includes the economic dimension: "Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives".[1] It is a systematic endeavor to optimize energy efficiency for specific political, economic, and environmental objectives through Engineering and Management techniques.[2]
Energy efficiency
Base line of energy assessment
One of the initial steps for an effective energy cost control program is the base line energy assessment, which examines the pattern of existing energy usage by the government or any sub-entity of the government or private organization. This program will set the reference point for improvements in energy efficiency. Energy efficiency can improve the existing energy usage and benchmarking of every individual section such as area, sub-area and the industry etc. .
Organizational integration
It is important to integrate the energy management in the organizational structure, so that the energy management can be implemented. Responsibilities and the interaction of the decision makers should be regularized. The delegation of functions and competencies extend from the top management to the executive worker. Furthermore, a comprehensive coordination can ensure the fulfillment of the tasks.
It is advisable to establish a separate organizational unit "energy management" in large or energy-intensive companies. This unit supports the senior management and keeps track. It depends on the basic form of the organizational structure, where this unit is connected. In case of a functional organization the unit is located directly between the first (CEO) and the second hierarchical level (corporate functions such as production, procurement, marketing). In a divisional organization, there should be a central and several sector-specific energy management units. So the diverse needs of the individual sectors and the coordination between the branches and the head office can be fulfilled. In a matrix organization the energy management can be included as a matrix function and thus approach most functions directly.
Energy management in operational functions
Facility management
Facility management is an important part of energy management, because a huge proportion (average 25 per cent) of complete operating costs are energy costs. According to the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), facility management is "a profession that encompass
2. WHAT IS ENERGY?
Scientists define energy as the ability to do work. Modern civilization is possible
because people have learned how to change energy from one form to another and
then use it to do work. People use energy for a variety of things, such as to walk
and bicycle, to move cars along roads and boats through water, to cook food on
stoves, to make ice in freezers, to light our homes and offices, to manufacture
products, and to send astronauts into space.
3. TYPES OF ENERGY.
• Mechanical Energy - Mechanical energy, sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or
energy stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts.
• Thermal Energy -Thermal energy is a kind of energy and it is generated when the temperature rises.Thermal energy is
directly proportional to the change in temperature of the object. Heat is the form of thermal energy.The hotter the
substance, the more will be its thermal energy.
• Nuclear Energy - the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.
• Chemical Enery - Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when the substances undergo
a chemical reaction and transform into other substances.
• Electromagnetic energy- Electromagnetic energy can be termed electromagnetic radiation. It is a common term used
to describe the energies associated with electromagnetic waves
4. DEFINITION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT
• Energy management includes minor actions such as monitoring monthly energy bills and upgrading
to energy-saving lightbulbs. It can mean more extensive improvements like adding insulation,
installing a reflective roof covering or improving HVAC (heating and cooling) equipment to
optimize energy performance.
6. THE OBJECTIVE OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT
• To achieve and mmaintain optimum energy procurement and utilization , throughout the
organization
• To minimise energy costs / waste without affecting production abd quality
• To minimise environmental effects
7. DEFINITION OF ENERGY AUDIT.
• As per Indian energy conservation Act 2001, Energy Audit is defined as :-
The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 defines Energy Audit as "the
verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission
of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy
efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption".
8. WHAT IS THE NEED FOR ENERGY AUDIT
• An energy audit will identify energy-saving opportunities.
• It will help you understand your energy usage and ways to use energy better.
• An energy audit can identify safety concerns with electrical systems, wiring, and
ventilation, thus making your home or business safer.
• It will increase a home’s resale value
• An energy audit will help you identify how to reduce carbon monoxide production in
the home or business.
9. TYPES OF ENERGY
AUDITS?
PRELIMINARY ENERGY AUDIT: THIS TYPE OF AUDIT IS SIMPLY A DATA-GATHERING EXERCISE
THAT OFFERS A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS. OFTEN THE AUDITORWILL CONDUCTTHIS TYPE OF
AUDITVIA A WALK-THROUGH INVESTIGATION.A PROFESSIONAL ENERGY AUDITORWILL UTILIZE
READILY AVAILABLE DATA AND LIMITED DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS TO COMPLETE A
PRELIMINARY ENERGY AUDIT.
DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT: THIS TYPE OF AUDIT IS COMPLETED BY A PROFESSIONAL AUDITOR
WHO MONITORS,ANALYZES,ANDVERIFIES ENERGY USE TO ESTABLISH PROBLEM AREAS AND
WAYS TO IMPLEMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS.THEY WILL PRESENT THEIR FINDINGS
AND SUGGESTIONS IN A DETAILED TECHNICAL REPORT.ADDITIONALLY, DURING A
THOROUGH ENERGY AUDIT,A PROFESSIONAL ENERGY AUDITORWILL USE SOPHISTICATED
INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS A FLUE GAS ANALYZER A SCANNER AND A FLOW METER.
10. PRELIMINARY ENERGY
AUDIT
IN A PRELIMINARY ENERGY AUDIT, READILY-AVAILABLE DATA ARE MOSTLY USED
FOR A SIMPLE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY USE AND PERFORMANCE OFTHE PLANT.THIS
TYPE OF AUDIT DOES NOT REQUIRE A LOT OF MEASUREMENT AND DATA
COLLECTION.THESE AUDITS TAKE A RELATIVELY SHORTTIME AND THE RESULTS
ARE MORE GENERAL, PROVIDING COMMON OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENCY.THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IS TYPICALLY LIMITEDTO CALCULATION
OF THE SIMPLE PAYBACK PERIOD, ORTHE TIME REQUIRED PAYING BACKTHE
INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENTTHROUGH REALIZED ENERGY SAVINGS.
11. TARGET ENERGY
AUDITS
A TARGET ENERGY AUDIT IS MORE COMPREHENSIVETHAN A WALK-
THROUGH ENERGY AUDIT. IN ADDITIONTO LOOKING FOR AREAS WHERE
YOUR HOME IS LOSING ENERGY,THE ENERGY AUDITORWILL ALSO
CONDUCTTESTS TO DETERMINE HOW MUCH ENERGYYOUR HOME USES.
12. DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT
• his type of audit is completed by a professional auditor who monitors, analyzes, and verifies
energy use to establish problem areas and ways to implement energy efficiency
improvements.They will present their findings and suggestions in a detailed technical report.
Detailed energy auditing is carried out in three phases
- Pre Audit Phase.
- Audit Phase Phase
- Post Audit Phase
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. ENERGY AUDIT INSTRUMENTS.
• The requirement for an energy audit such as identification and quantification of energy
necessitates measurements; these measurements require the use of instruments.These
instruments must be portable, durable, easy to operate and relatively inexpensive.The
parameters generally monitored during energy audit may include the following
• Basic Electrical Parameters in AC &DC systems –Voltage (V), Current (I), Power factor,
• Active power (kW), apparent power (demand) (kVA), Reactive power (kVAr), Energy
consumption (kWh), Frequency (Hz), Harmonics, etc.
